Identification of Mitochondrial Transcriptional Termination Factor （mTERF）Gene Family and Cold Resistance of VamTERF5 in Vitis amurensis

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0302

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (8): 2256-2274.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0302

• Genetic & Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification of Mitochondrial Transcriptional Termination Factor （mTERF）Gene Family and Cold Resistance of VamTERF5 in Vitis amurensis

FAN Jihong¹, CHEN Jixian¹, LI Yangyang¹, ZENG Baozhen¹, GUO Yanlan², MAO Juan¹, CHEN Baihong¹, LIANG Guoping¹^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture， Gansu Agricultural University， Lanzhou 730070， China
² Wuwei Forestry Research Institute， Wuwei， Gansu 733000， China

Received:2026-03-20 Revised:2026-05-21 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-08-25
Contact: LIANG Guoping

Abstract

Abstract:

Mitochondrial transcription termination factors（mTERF）are highly conserved DNA- binding proteins in plants that regulate plant growth，development，and responses to abiotic stress. In this study，comprehensive bioinformatics analysis，quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR），and gene function validation were performed on the Vitis amurensis mTERF gene family（VamTERF）. A total of seven VamTERF members were identified in the Vitis amurensis genome，distributed across six chromosomes. The theoretical isoelectric points of the encoded proteins ranged from 4.92 to 9.07. Structural analysis revealed that the proportion of random coils ranged from 27.12% to 44.42%，while α-helices and β-turns accounted for 41.26%-57.55% and 2.18%-7.91%，respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the VamTERF gene family into three subfamilies，with subfamily 3 containing the greatest number of members；Vitis amurensis mTERF genes showed a particularly close evolutionary relationship with those of poplar. Codon usage bias analysis indicated a relatively weak codon usage preference within the VamTERF gene family，and synteny analysis demonstrated co-linear relationships between Vitis amurensis and five other plant species，including strawberry. qRT-PCR analysis showed that all VamTERF members responded to abiotic stresses，with VamTERF2，VamTERF3，VamTERF4，VamTERF5，and VamTERF7 being significantly upregulated under low-temperature stress. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that these five members were predominantly localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of VamTERF5 in grapevine calli significantly enhanced the activities of peroxidase（POD），superoxide dismutase（SOD），and catalase（CAT）following low-temperature treatment. These findings indicate that VamTERF members play important regulatory roles in the response to low-temperature stress.

Key words: Vitis amurensis, mTERF, gene family, bioinformatics, cold tolerance

FAN Jihong, CHEN Jixian, LI Yangyang, ZENG Baozhen, GUO Yanlan, MAO Juan, CHEN Baihong, LIANG Guoping. Identification of Mitochondrial Transcriptional Termination Factor （mTERF）Gene Family and Cold Resistance of VamTERF5 in Vitis amurensis[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(8): 2256-2274.

Figures/Tables 15

References 34

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基因 Gene	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	扩增产物长度/bp Length of amplification product	用途 Application
VamTERF1-F	TCGGCAGAGAGCATAGGCAAGG	132	qRT-PCR
VamTERF1-R	ACGGTGGAGAAGAATGGCAACATC	132
VamTERF2-F	GGTTCGCAGGTCTGATCGCATC	186
VamTERF2-R	AGCACCCTCCTCCTCTTCTTCTTC	186
VamTERF3-F	ACTCCGTCCTCGCACTCCTTAG	118
VamTERF3-R	AGTTTGGGCAAAAGGGTCTTCTCAG	118
VamTERF4-F	ATGCCAGTGTTGTAGTAGACCTTGC	147
VamTERF4-R	AAGCCACAGATGTGCTCATAGTTCC	147
VamTERF5-F	CCATCTCCCACAAGCATCACCATC	147
VamTERF5-R	GCGATTTCCACCGATTCCTCTTCC	147
VamTERF6-F	ATCTACATTCAGCCGTCGCAATCG	86
VamTERF6-R	TCGTCATCGTCTTCATCGCTTTCTC	86
VamTERF7-F	AGAAGAAGCAGTTGCAGAACCAGTG	92
VamTERF7-R	CCGTAGCGTGACCTGCGATTG	92
VaGAPDH-F	TTCTCGTTGAGGGCTATTCCA	70
VaGAPDH-R	CCACAGACTTCATCGGTGACA	70
VamTERF2-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGGTTCGCAGGTCTGATCG	1 239	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
VamTERF2-R	catgtcgactctagaggatcccATGATACATTTCCAGTCACAATATTG	1 239
VamTERF3-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGAACTCATGTGGGTTGTCCC	1 065
VamTERF3-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccTCCCCTGACAGACAATGAACAA	1 065
VamTERF4-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGATACAGACCATTATGAACAT	1 593
VamTERF4-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccCTATGCATATTCATCATCACT	1 593
VamTERF5-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGTTCTCCAAACTCCTCCCAA	1 806
VamTERF5-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccATGAGGAGAAATGGGAGGAGAGG	1 806
VamTERF7-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGGCTGCTTTCTATCTCTACACG	1 545
VamTERF7-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccTCTTCGCTTCTCATACTTCTTTGC	1 545
Kan-F	CTAAAACAATTCATCCAGTAA	795	阳性愈伤组织检测 Identification of positive callus
Kan-R	ATGGCTAAAATGAGAATATCAC	795	阳性愈伤组织检测 Identification of positive callus

基因 Gene	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	扩增产物长度/bp Length of amplification product	用途 Application
VamTERF1-F	TCGGCAGAGAGCATAGGCAAGG	132	qRT-PCR
VamTERF1-R	ACGGTGGAGAAGAATGGCAACATC	132
VamTERF2-F	GGTTCGCAGGTCTGATCGCATC	186
VamTERF2-R	AGCACCCTCCTCCTCTTCTTCTTC	186
VamTERF3-F	ACTCCGTCCTCGCACTCCTTAG	118
VamTERF3-R	AGTTTGGGCAAAAGGGTCTTCTCAG	118
VamTERF4-F	ATGCCAGTGTTGTAGTAGACCTTGC	147
VamTERF4-R	AAGCCACAGATGTGCTCATAGTTCC	147
VamTERF5-F	CCATCTCCCACAAGCATCACCATC	147
VamTERF5-R	GCGATTTCCACCGATTCCTCTTCC	147
VamTERF6-F	ATCTACATTCAGCCGTCGCAATCG	86
VamTERF6-R	TCGTCATCGTCTTCATCGCTTTCTC	86
VamTERF7-F	AGAAGAAGCAGTTGCAGAACCAGTG	92
VamTERF7-R	CCGTAGCGTGACCTGCGATTG	92
VaGAPDH-F	TTCTCGTTGAGGGCTATTCCA	70
VaGAPDH-R	CCACAGACTTCATCGGTGACA	70
VamTERF2-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGGTTCGCAGGTCTGATCG	1 239	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
VamTERF2-R	catgtcgactctagaggatcccATGATACATTTCCAGTCACAATATTG	1 239
VamTERF3-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGAACTCATGTGGGTTGTCCC	1 065
VamTERF3-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccTCCCCTGACAGACAATGAACAA	1 065
VamTERF4-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGATACAGACCATTATGAACAT	1 593
VamTERF4-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccCTATGCATATTCATCATCACT	1 593
VamTERF5-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGTTCTCCAAACTCCTCCCAA	1 806
VamTERF5-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccATGAGGAGAAATGGGAGGAGAGG	1 806
VamTERF7-F	gagctcggtacccggggatccATGGCTGCTTTCTATCTCTACACG	1 545
VamTERF7-R	catgtcgactctagaggatccTCTTCGCTTCTCATACTTCTTTGC	1 545
Kan-F	CTAAAACAATTCATCCAGTAA	795	阳性愈伤组织检测 Identification of positive callus
Kan-R	ATGGCTAAAATGAGAATATCAC	795	阳性愈伤组织检测 Identification of positive callus

基因名称 Gene name	基因全长/bp Full length	CDS长度/bp Length of CDS	氨基酸数量No. of amino acids	分子量/kD Molecular weight	等电点 pI	α-螺旋/% Alpha helix	β-转角/% Beta turn	不规则卷曲/% Random coil	亚细胞定位预测Subcellular location prediction
VamTERF1	1 911	1 488	495	160 228.81	4.96	55.76	6.87	29.49	叶绿体Chloroplast
VamTERF2	2 989	1 239	412	249 214.26	4.92	41.26	2.18	44.42	细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF3	2 774	1 065	344	232 135.57	4.92	51.98	7.91	27.12	叶绿体Chloroplast，细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF4	1 593	1 593	530	59 929.75	6.17	57.55	5.28	28.68	细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF5	5 432	1 806	601	69 035.95	7.28	55.57	5.49	29.28	细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF6	4 343	1 713	570	65 407.95	8.09	47.02	5.61	38.07	叶绿体Chloroplast
VamTERF7	9 385	1 545	514	59 217.08	9.07	55.25	6.03	31.52	细胞核Nucleus

基因名称 Gene name	基因全长/bp Full length	CDS长度/bp Length of CDS	氨基酸数量No. of amino acids	分子量/kD Molecular weight	等电点 pI	α-螺旋/% Alpha helix	β-转角/% Beta turn	不规则卷曲/% Random coil	亚细胞定位预测Subcellular location prediction
VamTERF1	1 911	1 488	495	160 228.81	4.96	55.76	6.87	29.49	叶绿体Chloroplast
VamTERF2	2 989	1 239	412	249 214.26	4.92	41.26	2.18	44.42	细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF3	2 774	1 065	344	232 135.57	4.92	51.98	7.91	27.12	叶绿体Chloroplast，细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF4	1 593	1 593	530	59 929.75	6.17	57.55	5.28	28.68	细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF5	5 432	1 806	601	69 035.95	7.28	55.57	5.49	29.28	细胞核Nucleus
VamTERF6	4 343	1 713	570	65 407.95	8.09	47.02	5.61	38.07	叶绿体Chloroplast
VamTERF7	9 385	1 545	514	59 217.08	9.07	55.25	6.03	31.52	细胞核Nucleus

物种 Species	编号 No.	名称 Gene name	基因登录号 Gene accession number	物种 Species	编号 No.	名称 Gene name	基因登录号 Gene accession number
山葡萄 Vitis amurensis	1	VamTERF1	VIT_214s0171g00230.1.v2.1	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	1	AtmTERF1	XP_028953475.1
	2	VamTERF2	VIT_210s0116g01530.1.v2.1		2	AtmTERF2	XP_050136630.1
	3	VamTERF3	VIT_207s0104g01550.1.v2.1		3	AtmTERF3	XP_017178176.1
	4	VamTERF4	VIT_207s0104g00720.1.v2.1		4	AtmTERF4	XP_008368884.2
	5	VamTERF5	VIT_209s0054g01030.1.v2.1		5	AtmTERF5	XP_028953495.1
	6	VamTERF6	VIT_203s0063g02590.4.v2.1		6	AtmTERF6	XP_021686388.2
	7	VamTERF7	VIT_219s0090g01770.2.v2.1		7	AtmTERF7	XP_008385796.2
苹果 Malus × domestica	1	MdmTERF1	XP_028953475.1	杨树 Populus tremula	1	PtmTERF1	KAJ6860499.1
	2	MdmTERF2	XP_050136630.1	杨树 Populus tremula	2	PtmTERF2	XP_034903054.1
	3	MdmTERF3	XP_017178176.1		3	PtmTERF3	KAJ6970000.1
	4	MdmTERF4	XP_008368884.2		4	PtmTERF4	KAJ6973063.1
	5	MdmTERF5	XP_028953495.1		5	PtmTERF5	KAJ6915659.1
	6	MdmTERF6	XP_021686388.2		6	PtmTERF6	KAJ6985531.1
	7	MdmTERF7	XP_008385796.2		7	PtmTERF7	XP_034925224.1
草莓 Fragaria × ananassa	1	FamTERF1	XP_004305919.1	柑橘 Citrus sinensis	1	CitmTERF1	KPL70_018202
	2	FamTERF2	XP_011463401.1		2	CitmTERF2	KDO54693.1
	3	FamTERF3	PRQ51409.1		3	CitmTERF3	XM_006444194.2
	4	FamTERF4	XP_004290690.1		4	CitmTERF4	KAH9730041.1
	5	FamTERF5	XP_004305797.1		5	CitmTERF5	XP_006450033.1
	6	FamTERF6	XP_011461117.1		6	CitmTERF6	KDO49079.1
	7	FamTERF7	XP_059647673.1		7	CitmTERF7	XP_006452528.1
	8	FamTERF8	XP_011461117.1

Identification of Mitochondrial Transcriptional Termination Factor （mTERF）Gene Family and Cold Resistance of VamTERF5 in Vitis amurensis

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基因Gene	T3s	C3s	A3s	G3s	CAI	CBI	Fop	Nc	GC3s	GC	Lsym	Laa	Gravy	Aromo
VamTERF1	0.40	0.24	0.32	0.27	0.16	0.13	0.33	54.45	0.40	0.42	609.00	627.00	0.02	0.12
VamTERF2	0.48	0.17	0.37	0.26	0.18	0.16	0.33	48.26	0.32	0.37	912.00	952.00	0.10	0.14
VamTERF3	0.46	0.20	0.35	0.26	0.18	0.13	0.34	49.62	0.35	0.37	848.00	891.00	0.14	0.12
VamTERF4	0.43	0.20	0.31	0.31	0.17	0.13	0.32	50.58	0.39	0.43	508.00	530.00	0.11	0.08
VamTERF5	0.44	0.23	0.38	0.25	0.18	0.08	0.36	50.80	0.36	0.38	1 651.00	1 719.00	0.16	0.14
VamTERF6	0.45	0.23	0.34	0.23	0.18	0.08	0.36	52.34	0.36	0.40	1 273.00	1 346.00	0.16	0.14
VamTERF7	0.44	0.21	0.40	0.24	0.17	0.14	0.33	49.79	0.34	0.37	2 833.00	2 945.00	0.03	0.12
平均Average	0.44	0.21	0.35	0.26	0.17	0.11	0.34	50.83	0.36	0.39	1 233.43	1 287.14	0.10	0.12

氨基酸 Amino acid	氨基酸密码子 Amino acid codon	总和 Sum	相对同义密码子使用度 Relative synonymous codon usage	氨基酸 Amino acid	氨基酸密码子 Amino acid codon	总和 Sum	相对同义密码子使用度 Relative synonymous codon usage
Phe	UUU	474	1.36	Tyr	UAU	211	1.31
Phe	UUC	221	0.64		UAC	110	0.69
Leu	UUA	206	1.13	TER	UAA	154	1.00
	UUG	297	1.63	TER	UAG	116	0.75
	CUU	252	1.38	His	CAU	153	1.34
	CUC	132	0.72	His	CAC	76	0.66
	CUA	108	0.59	GIn	CAA	181	1.32
	CUG	101	0.55	GIn	CAG	94	0.68
Ile	AUU	290	1.42	Asn	AAU	260	1.29
	AUC	149	0.73	Asn	AAC	143	0.71
	AUA	173	0.85	Lys	AAA	353	1.19
Met	AUG	199	1.00	Lys	AAG	238	0.81
Val	GUU	216	1.58	Asp	GAU	210	1.41
	GUC	76	0.55	Asp	GAC	88	0.59
	GUA	127	0.93	Glu	GAA	257	1.18
	GUG	129	0.94	Glu	GAG	179	0.82
Ser	UCU	228	1.55	Cys	UGU	228	1.31
	UCC	131	0.89		UGC	119	0.69
	UCA	206	1.40	TER	UGA	192	1.25
	UCG	56	0.38	Trp	UGG	151	1.00
Pro	CCU	123	1.43	Arg	CGU	36	0.47
	CCC	131	0.79		CGC	28	0.37
	CCA	121	1.41		CGA	32	0.42
	CCG	31	0.36		CGG	25	0.33
Thr	ACU	138	1.50	Ser	AGU	181	1.23
	ACC	69	0.75	Ser	AGC	83	0.56
	ACA	140	1.53	Arg	AGA	196	2.58
	ACG	20	0.22	Arg	AGG	139	1.83
Ala	GCU	121	1.51	Gly	GGU	100	0.91
	GCC	60	0.75		GGC	62	0.56
	GCA	115	1.43		GGA	165	1.50
	GCG	25	0.31		GGG	113	1.03

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