Identification of the WSD Family Gene in Chinese Cabbage and Expression Analysis Under Drought Stress in Waxy Near-Isogenic Lines

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0407

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 1143-1156.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0407

• Genetic & Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification of the WSD Family Gene in Chinese Cabbage and Expression Analysis Under Drought Stress in Waxy Near-Isogenic Lines

WANG Ronghua, LIU Shuantao, ZHAO Zhizhong, LI Qiaoyun, XU Nianfang, ZHANG Zhigang, WANG Shubin^*()

Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-field Vegetable Breeding，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering，Institute of Vegetables，Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Ji'nan 250100，China

Received:2025-05-09 Revised:2025-09-08 Online:2026-04-25 Published:2026-04-20
Contact: WANG Shubin

Abstract

Abstract:

Wax synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase（WSD）is a key enzyme that catalyzes esterification reaction of long-chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols to synthesize wax esters. An increase in wax ester content helps to improve drought resistance in plant. Whole genome identification and chromosome localization，protein physicochemical properties，gene structure，protein conserved domain structure，collinear relationships，promoter cis-acting elements，tissue-specific expression and expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed based on bio-informatics methods. The results identified 18 WSD genes members classified into four subfamilies，which are unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes.The range of amino acids length and molecular weight for WSD is 415-554 and 46.57-62.86 kD，respectively. Gene structure analysis revealed that the WSD structure is relatively conserved. There are three pairs of tandem duplicated genes and six pairs of fragment duplicated genes in WSD. Collinearity analysis showed that six family members，including BrWSD1，BrWSD4，BrWSD8，BrWSD16，BrWSD17 and BrWSD18，exhibited tripling of the WSD gene in Arabidopsis thaliana，while two family members，BrWSD3 and BrWSD7，exhibited doubling. Based on homology comparison and comparative transcriptome analysis，two candidate genes BrWSD1 and BrWSD9 were identified which may be involved in the drought stress response of Chinese cabbage.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, wax ester synthase, wax, gene family, drought

WANG Ronghua, LIU Shuantao, ZHAO Zhizhong, LI Qiaoyun, XU Nianfang, ZHANG Zhigang, WANG Shubin. Identification of the WSD Family Gene in Chinese Cabbage and Expression Analysis Under Drought Stress in Waxy Near-Isogenic Lines[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(4): 1143-1156.

Figures/Tables 11

References 39

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基因名称Gene	正向引物（5′-3′）Forward primer sequence	反向引物（5′-3′）Reverse primer sequence
BrWSD1	GCGTAAAACATCGAACCCCG	CACCTCTTGAACCGGCCTTT
BrWSD6	TTGGTCGCTCAACAGTCGTA	ACAATGAGCGCCTGTGGAAA
BrWSD8	CACGGCTGTTCAATTCTCCG	TGCTGGAAAAGCGAGGATGA
BrWSD9	AGCTGTGGCTAGGTTTCACC	ATGCCTCGAGATCGCATGTT
BrWSD14	TTAGCGGTCGATGCAACTGT	TCGTAGAACATCTTGGCCGC
BrWSD15	TCATGAGCTCGACACACGAG	GGCTGAGTCTTCGGGCTATC
G6PD	GGGTATGCCAGGACTAAGCTC	GAATCATAAGGGCCACTCACAT

基因名称Gene	正向引物（5′-3′）Forward primer sequence	反向引物（5′-3′）Reverse primer sequence
BrWSD1	GCGTAAAACATCGAACCCCG	CACCTCTTGAACCGGCCTTT
BrWSD6	TTGGTCGCTCAACAGTCGTA	ACAATGAGCGCCTGTGGAAA
BrWSD8	CACGGCTGTTCAATTCTCCG	TGCTGGAAAAGCGAGGATGA
BrWSD9	AGCTGTGGCTAGGTTTCACC	ATGCCTCGAGATCGCATGTT
BrWSD14	TTAGCGGTCGATGCAACTGT	TCGTAGAACATCTTGGCCGC
BrWSD15	TCATGAGCTCGACACACGAG	GGCTGAGTCTTCGGGCTATC
G6PD	GGGTATGCCAGGACTAAGCTC	GAATCATAAGGGCCACTCACAT

基因 ID Gene ID	基因名称 Gene name	氨基酸数 No. of amino acids	分子量/kD Molecular weight	等电点 pI	不稳定系数 Instability index	脂肪族氨基酸指数 Aliphatic index	平均亲水系数 GRAVY	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
BraA01g024150	BrWSD1	511	57.93	9.15	43.60	93.48	-0.221	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA01g024160	BrWSD2	484	54.76	8.42	53.67	92.85	-0.165	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA02g004570	BrWSD3	467	52.32	9.04	44.20	97.69	-0.032	质膜 Plasma membrane
BraA02g015030	BrWSD4	482	54.48	9.17	37.41	98.03	-0.043	质膜 Plasma membrane
BraA02g021490	BrWSD5	477	53.47	8.71	43.47	101.13	0.105	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA02g021510	BrWSD6	478	53.73	8.33	45.92	105.75	0.110	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA03g005460	BrWSD7	474	53.30	8.96	37.91	89.45	-0.184	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA03g014460	BrWSD8	490	55.38	9.27	34.21	98.39	-0.009	质膜 Plasma membrane
BraA03g018490	BrWSD9	418	46.72	8.01	36.77	102.54	0.178	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA03g020550	BrWSD10	484	54.34	8.97	30.38	95.39	-0.068	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA03g020560	BrWSD11	476	53.94	9.08	30.01	97.00	-0.020	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA03g066590	BrWSD12	479	53.46	7.67	35.73	100.71	0.062	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA04g016040	BrWSD13	460	51.16	8.82	35.87	100.48	0.038	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA04g031560	BrWSD14	418	47.14	6.43	50.12	86.89	-0.261	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA05g015270	BrWSD15	543	61.54	9.46	37.74	92.49	-0.137	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA06g018340	BrWSD16	554	62.86	9.58	41.22	94.46	-0.225	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA06g025960	BrWSD17	415	46.57	6.74	42.54	90.70	-0.275	细胞核 Nuclear
BraA10g011970	BrWSD18	461	50.79	7.72	40.58	109.76	0.068	质膜 Plasma membrane

基因 ID Gene ID	基因名称 Gene name	氨基酸数 No. of amino acids	分子量/kD Molecular weight	等电点 pI	不稳定系数 Instability index	脂肪族氨基酸指数 Aliphatic index	平均亲水系数 GRAVY	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
BraA01g024150	BrWSD1	511	57.93	9.15	43.60	93.48	-0.221	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA01g024160	BrWSD2	484	54.76	8.42	53.67	92.85	-0.165	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA02g004570	BrWSD3	467	52.32	9.04	44.20	97.69	-0.032	质膜 Plasma membrane
BraA02g015030	BrWSD4	482	54.48	9.17	37.41	98.03	-0.043	质膜 Plasma membrane
BraA02g021490	BrWSD5	477	53.47	8.71	43.47	101.13	0.105	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA02g021510	BrWSD6	478	53.73	8.33	45.92	105.75	0.110	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA03g005460	BrWSD7	474	53.30	8.96	37.91	89.45	-0.184	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA03g014460	BrWSD8	490	55.38	9.27	34.21	98.39	-0.009	质膜 Plasma membrane
BraA03g018490	BrWSD9	418	46.72	8.01	36.77	102.54	0.178	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA03g020550	BrWSD10	484	54.34	8.97	30.38	95.39	-0.068	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA03g020560	BrWSD11	476	53.94	9.08	30.01	97.00	-0.020	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA03g066590	BrWSD12	479	53.46	7.67	35.73	100.71	0.062	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA04g016040	BrWSD13	460	51.16	8.82	35.87	100.48	0.038	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA04g031560	BrWSD14	418	47.14	6.43	50.12	86.89	-0.261	叶绿体 Chloroplast
BraA05g015270	BrWSD15	543	61.54	9.46	37.74	92.49	-0.137	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA06g018340	BrWSD16	554	62.86	9.58	41.22	94.46	-0.225	细胞质 Cytoplasm
BraA06g025960	BrWSD17	415	46.57	6.74	42.54	90.70	-0.275	细胞核 Nuclear
BraA10g011970	BrWSD18	461	50.79	7.72	40.58	109.76	0.068	质膜 Plasma membrane

Identification of the WSD Family Gene in Chinese Cabbage and Expression Analysis Under Drought Stress in Waxy Near-Isogenic Lines

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