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2011, Vol.38, No.6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Fruit Trees

  • Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Root Respiratory Metabolism and on Biomass in Seedlings of Cerasus sachalinensis
  • QIN Si-jun;Lü De-guo;LI Zhi-xia;MA Huai-yu;LIU Ling-zhi;and LIU Guo-cheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1021-1028.
  • Abstract ( 2010 ) HTML ( 1481 ) PDF (302KB) ( 1481 )    
  • The effects of different nitrogen forms on root respiratory metabolism and on biomass in seedlings of Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. were investigated. The results showed that,with a same amount of nitrogen application,the application of nitrate nitrogen and amidonitrogen significantly enhanced root activity and accumulation of respiratory substrates during the whole experimental period(28 d),while the application of ammonium nitrogen only enhanced the root activity and the accumulation of respiratory substrates during the 14 days after the application. Whereafter,the root activity and respiratory substrate content significantly decreased. Application of nitrate nitrogen enhanced the activities of key enzymes in tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,increased the ratio of TCA cycle to the total respiratory pathway by 30.4% compared to that in the control and increased the content of pyruvic acid and citric acid the intermediates of respiratory metabolism. Whereas,the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)and the alternative oxidase(AOX)pathway were decreased by 35.0% and 32.7% respectively at the same time. The application of ammonium nitrogen had opposite effect to the application of nitrate nitrogen on activities of key enzymes in TCA cycle,on TCA cycle,intermediates of respiratory metabolism,PPP and AOX pathways. Application of amidonitrogen had similar effects to the application of nitrate nitrogen except having no obvious effect on activates of key enzyme in glycolysis pathway(EMP)and in respiratory electron transport. The application of the three different types of nitrogen improved the growth of the seedlings. The enhancement of biomass by the application of the 3 types of nitrogen was nitrate nitrogen > amidonitrogen > ammonium nitrogen > control.
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  • Effects of High Temperature on the Anther and Pollen Development of Sweet Cherry in Solar Greenhouse
  • LI Yan;;LI Ling;;CHEN Xiu-de;;YE Bao-xing;and GAO Dong-sheng;;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1029-1036.
  • Abstract ( 2187 ) HTML ( 1462 ) PDF (462KB) ( 1462 )    
  • Effects of high temperature on microsporegenesis pollen development of‘Hongdeng’ sweet cherry was studied by microscopic observation. The results showed that stamens of sweet cherry were sensitive to high temperature stress during sprouting time and were more likely to be damaged in earlier stage. More abnormal tetrads generated after 4 hours of 35 ℃ treatment during meiosis,which was 14 times of the control. The microspores began to degenerate in the following time and the remaining pollens were not able to germinate. The development of spores were promoted by 4 hours of 35 ℃ treatment during karyokinesis both in mononuclear microspore stage and mononuclear microspore stage. However,some microspores disappeared due to the disability of nutrition supplying caused by the disorganization of tapetal layer and middle layer. More anthers were found turning brown,and shriveling,with low gemination rates,during florescence after 35 ℃ treatment.
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  • Studies on Key Enzyme POD Types of Lignin Metabolic Pathway During Stone Cell Development of Pyrus bretschneideri
  • YU Juan-juan;LI Ling;JIN Qing;CAI Yong-ping;LIN Yi;and Lü Rui-hong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1037-1044.
  • Abstract ( 1751 ) HTML ( 1737 ) PDF (691KB) ( 1737 )    
  • With the materials of the fruit cultivar Pyrus bretschneideri at different development stages,key enzyme POD types of lignin metabolic pathway,namely the relationships of GSH-PX,APX and PPOD activity and lignin metabolic of stone cell,were investigated by the methods of histochemical localization,POD activity and isoenzymes spectrums. POD types of the key enzyme involved in lignin metabolic pathway were analyzed during the stone cell development. The results were as following:(1)During the fruit development of Pyrus bretschneideri,POD located in the cell wall of stone cells as well as the neighboring regions was involved in the procedure of lignin deposition in the cell wall of stone cells.(2)In 15–23 days post anthesis,POD isozyme spectrums were mainly divided into three groups of PODⅠ,PODⅡand PODⅢ,of which the Rf values were 0.13–0.23,0.44 and 0.63–0.96,respectively.(3)PPOD was the main type of the key enzyme POD in lignin metabolic pathway,in which it was involved in the polymerization of lignin and promoted the development of stone cells during fruit development of Pyrus bretschneideri.
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  • Relation Between Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Parameters and Frost Hardiness in Shoots of Apple Rootstocks
  • JIN Ming-li;XU Ji-zhong;and ZHANG Gang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1045-1051.
  • Abstract ( 2069 ) HTML ( 1330 ) PDF (256KB) ( 1330 )    
  • The 18 two-year-old seedlings of the apple rootstocks(Malus micromalus Makino)were used to analyse the relation between non-frost-exposed electrical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)parameters and frost hardiness(LT50 measured by the electrolyte leakage)in shoots of apple rootstocks. Results showed that the high-frequency resistances(r)and low-frequency resistances(r1),extracellular resistance(re),as well as relaxation time(τ)significantly correlated with the frost hardiness(r from﹣0.737** to﹣0.877**)in three different periods(March,July and November),and intracellular resistance(r i)had significant correlation with the frost hardiness(r =﹣0.857**)in November. The results suggested that these EIS parameters could be used to evaluate the frost hardiness of apple seedling rootstocks shoots without exposure to artificial freezing and according to path coefficient of every parameter in the three periods,re was the best parameter.  
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  • Involvement of H2O2 in Regulating the Expression of VvIPK2 in Response to Low Temperature Stress in Leaves of Vitis
  • LI Xi-dong;HOU Li-xia;LIU Xin;and LU Jiang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1052-1062.
  • Abstract ( 1721 ) HTML ( 1532 ) PDF (563KB) ( 1532 )    
  • An inositol polyphosphate kinase gene named VvIPK2 from Vitis vinifera was cloned and its biomatics was analyzed,the role of H2O2 and the interaction between H2O2 and VvIPK2 in response to cold stress of‘F-242’leaves were investigated by real-time PCR,combined with physiological and pharmacological methods. The results showed that the deduced translation product(VvIPK2)was completely the same with the sequence in database which shares 64% and 62% identity with the inositol polyphosphate kinase(LuIPK2)in Linum usitatissimum and that in Arabidopsis(AtIPK2). Low temperature induced H2O2 accumulation and enhanced VvIPK2 transcription level. Exogenous H2O2 could enhance expression of VvIPK2 and H2O2 cleaner(ascorbic acid,AsA)could reduce its expression. At the same time,exogenous H2O2 could enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and Cu/Zn SOD expression,reduce the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the relative permeability of cell membrane under cold stress. But LY-294002 had no effect on cold-induced H2O2 production. Moreover,LY-294002 and AsA reversed the changes of SOD,MDA and the relative permeability of cell membrane,implying that VvIPK2 was assumed to be the downstream of H2O2 in grape response to low temperature stress.  
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  • Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Carya cathayensis
  • ZHANG Qi-xiang;HU Heng-kang;;WANG Zheng-jia;YUAN Jia;WAN Jun-li;and HUANG Jian-qin;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1063-1070.
  • Abstract ( 2112 ) HTML ( 1691 ) PDF (713KB) ( 1691 )    
  • Immature embryos of 10 weeks after pollination of Carya cathayensis were selected as explants. The factors which affect embryogenic calli formation and somatic embryogenesis including basal medium,plant growth regulators(PGRs)and desiccation length of somatic embryos were tested. Cytohistological observations of anatomical structure change during embryogenic callus formation and somatic embryos production were also made. Embryogenic callus percentage was significantly higher on the medium 1/2 MS than other treatments,reached 45.3%. Somatic embryogenesis percentage was significantly higher on DW medium than other media,reached 16.7%. Global embryo,heart-shaped embryo,embryos and cotyledonary embryos were easily observed under microscope. The highest embryogenic callus percentage was obtained on the medium with 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.01 mg · L-1 picloram reached 48.6%. The highest somatic embryogenesis percentage was obtained on the medium with 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.001 mg · L-1 picloram,reached 23.6%. The formation and development of somatic embryogenesis is indirect somatic embryogenesis which goes through callus phase. Subsequent desiccation for 3 d with saturated Ca(NO3)2 · 4H2O resulted in 39.03% germination. Non-desiccated somatic embryos failed to germinate. Germinated somatic embryos developed into plantlets with 3 to 4 leaves 10 weeks after they were transferred to WPM basal medium under light condition.  
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  • Isolation and Expression Analysis of DHN Gene in Loquat Fruit Under Cold Stress
  • XU Hong-xia;CHEN Jun-wei;YANG Yong;SUN Jun-wei;and YAN Cheng-qi
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1071-1080.
  • Abstract ( 1744 ) HTML ( 1939 ) PDF (1293KB) ( 1939 )    
  • The full length of two dehydrin(DHN)genes from the young fruit of loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.‘Ninghaibai’)were obtained using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR approach. The deduced amino acid sequences of the DHN1 and DHN2 possessed the typical characters of DHN family. However,they differ from each other significantly in the structure characteristics. DHN1 cDNA sequence length is 639 bp,which contains an open reading frame that would encode 188 amino acid residues,and it is Y2SK3 type dehydrin;DHN2 cDNA sequence length is 858 bp,which contains an open reading frame that would encode 273 amino acid residues,and it is SK3 type dehydrin. The relative electric conduction was significantly increased in the loquat fruit treated with–3 ℃ for 24 h,which suggested that the cell membrane was injured,and it was more serious in the loquat fruit treated with–6 ℃ for 24 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blotting analysis showed that the expression of both DHN1 and DHN2 were induced by cold stress. The results suggested that both DHN1 and DHN2 involved in cold resistant in loquat young fruit   
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  • cDNA-AFLP Analysis and Cloning of Fruit Ripening-related Genes from Papaya
  • SHEN Yan-hong;CHEN Xiao-jing;LU Bing-guo;and HE Wei-yi
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1081-1088.
  • Abstract ( 2022 ) HTML ( 1767 ) PDF (627KB) ( 1767 )    
  • In order to explore molecular mechanism of fruit ripening and the key softening-related genes,cDNA-AFLP technique was used to identify differentially expressed genes during papaya fruit ripening. Fifty transcript-derived fragments(TDFs)were obtained from the analysis of semi-yellow and color-break stage of papaya fruit. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 28 TDFs were homologous to the known functional genes,which could be divided into different functional groups including gene expression regulation,DNA and protein synthesis and transport,protein degradation,energy metabolism,nutrient metabolism and stress responding. Using specific primers designed from the sequences of TDFs,four differential expression genes were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of four genes changed accordingly during fruit ripening,indicating the possible role of these genes in the ripening of papaya.  
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Vegetables

  • Isolation and Expression Analysis of BcNAC2,a NAC Transcription Factor Gene in Turnip
  • ZHANG Hai-juan;WU Jian-feng;HU Shuai;and YU Xiao-lin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1089-1096.
  • Abstract ( 1673 ) HTML ( 1600 ) PDF (512KB) ( 1600 )    
  • BcNAC2,a NAC transcription factor gene,has been successfully isolated from turnip[Brassica campestris L. ssp. rapifera(Matzg)Sinsk,syn. B. rapa L.]using the primers designed from the sequence of the NAC2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sequence analysis results showed that the full length of genomic DNA contained six extrons and five introns,and the open reading frame(ORF)was 1 683 bp coding 560 amino acids. In addition,the sequence of BcNAC2 was much conserved comparing with those of other 30 NAC proteins,and it shared the highest homology with A. thaliana among them. In addition,there are significant difference for the motif numbers between the BcNAC2 and AtNAC2 functional domains. Moreover,RT-PCR results indicated that BcNAC2 gene presented the character of constitutive expression partially,and highest expression at 8 days after pollination. In situ hybridization result also proves that it is one of the high expression abundance genes during embryo sac development. Therefore,BcNAC2 probably involved in the development of seed or embryo in the turnip.
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  • Breeding and Utilization of the Genetic Male Sterile Line in Purple Stalk Chinese Cabbage
  • FENG Hui and LOU Guang-xue
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1097-1103.
  • Abstract ( 1791 ) HTML ( 1464 ) PDF (1303KB) ( 1464 )    
  • In order to solve the problems in the transfer and utilization of genic male sterile line in purple stalk Chinese cabbage,‘00S107’which is a multiple allele inherited genetic male sterile line was used as a source of male sterility in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. purpurca Hort. Methods of crossing and backcrossing were applied to transfer the male sterility to a male fertile line‘XA500’. A new genetic male sterile line‘GMS500’with 100% of male sterile plants was obtained,which was similar to ‘XA500’in horticultural characteristics. An excellent hybridized combination was developed,which is uniform and superior to‘Ziting 11’in yield.
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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of Key Genes PPH and PAO for Chlorophyll Degradation in Cucumber
  • WANG Wei;XU Yue-jin;and WAN Zheng-jie
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1104-1110.
  • Abstract ( 1990 ) HTML ( 1905 ) PDF (268KB) ( 1905 )    
  • The change of chlorophyll content and the expression of pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase gene(PPH)and pheidea oxygenase gene(PAO)were analyzed during leaf senescence of Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan and‘Huahuang 5’. The results showed that chlorophyll a and b content decreased significantly during the leaf senescence. The ratio of chlorophyll a and b was around 0.5,suggesting that chlorophyll b content might play a role in keeping green. Real-time PCR results showed that PPH and PAO had the highest expression in leaves of xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan at 35 d,with the relative expression values of 5.50 and 1.86,respectively. The maximum expression values of PPH in leaf of‘Huahuang 5’occurred at 35 d,with relative expression value of 7.14. The highest expression of PAO in leaf of‘Huahuang 5’occurred at 35 d and 45 d,with the relative expression values of 3.90 and 3.91,respectively. The expression of PPH and PAO in leaves of Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan were lower than that in‘Huahuang 5’.
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  • Cloning and Sequence Analysis of L-galactono-1,4-lactone Dehydrogenase Gene(GLDH)from Solanum tuberosum
  • DONG Yu-mei;MI Qi-peng;JIAO Zi-gao;YANG Yuan-jun;and YU Xian-chang;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1111-1120.
  • Abstract ( 1993 ) HTML ( 1598 ) PDF (981KB) ( 1598 )    
  • A full-length cDNA clone encoding L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase(GLDH),named as StGLDH(GenBank:FJ755844),was isolated from the leaf of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)cv. Favorita by RT-PCR,nested PCR and RACE. StGLDH transcript is 2 563 bp long with an open reading frame of 1 773 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 590 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that deduced StGLDH protein was highly homologous to other GLDH proteins from different species,especially with Solanum lycopersicum,Capsicum annuum,Nicotiana tabacum,about 90.6%–95.9% identity in amino acid sequence.Real time PCR analysis indicated that StGLDH expressed in different organs. The transcription level of StGLDH in mature leaves and young leaves were higher than that in old leaves,stems,roots and tubers respectively. The ascorbic acid content was positively related to the StGLDH transcription level in all organs except the ascorbic acid content in stolon.  
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Ornamental Plants

  • Studies on the Characteristics of Response to Photoperiod in Calceolaria × herbeohybrida‘Dainty’
  • SUN Zhao-fa;ZHANG Shu-xia;LI Mei;and LI Ling
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1121-1128.
  • Abstract ( 1620 ) HTML ( 1172 ) PDF (274KB) ( 1172 )    
  • The limited inductive photoperiod,photoperiod sensitivity at different developmental stages,and the effect of photoperiod on visual quality of potted plants were studied in the long-day plant Calceolaria × herbeohybrida Voss‘Dainty’by transferring plants between short day and long day conditions. The length of juvenility was also studied. When plants were transferred from 7 long days to short day conditions,the days of flowering were significantly longer than those transferred from 14 to 42 long days. When transferred during 14 long days to 42 long days,plants flowered almost at the same days. These results indicated that flower bud development of‘Dainty’may be insensitive to photoperiod under 14 long days,and that 7–14 long days may be the limited inductive photoperiod that is sufficient to promote flowering. When plants were transferred from 7 long days to short day conditions,days when buds become visible decreased and days from visible bud to flowering increased because apical bud aborted and lateral bud developed and flowered. These results indicated that 7 long days promoted flower initiation and that flower bud development was sensitive to photoperiod during this time period. Long days enhanced plant height,main stem length,flowering uniformity and visual quality of potted plants. When plants were transferred from long day to short day conditions,the later the plant were transferred,the heavier the upper ground part,the root,and the total plant were. The reverse results were observed when plants were transferred from short day to long day conditions. The juvenile stage ended when the plant had 3 pairs of leaves under experimental conditions. In practice,reasonable management of photoperiod can be employed to control flowering time with acceptable quality. If seeds of‘Dainty’are sown in early September and treated with at least 21 long days at 3-leaf-pair stage,they can flower in early January to meet the market demand of Spring Festival.
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  • Cloning and Expression of CmCO and CmFT of Floral Development Genes in Chrysanthemum
  • TIAN Su-bo;LIN Gui-yu;ZHENG Cheng-shu;SUN Xia;REN Hong-yan;and WEN Li-zhu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1129-1138.
  • Abstract ( 1854 ) HTML ( 1840 ) PDF (829KB) ( 1840 )    
  • The genes of CO(CONSTANS)and FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T),which related to flowering time were isolated from Chrysanthemum morflorium(Ramat.)Kitam.‘Jinba’by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE),and named it CmCO(GenBank accession No. JF488070)and CmFT(GenBank accession No. JF488071)respectively. CmCO and CmFT encoded 382 and 174 amino acids respectively. Alignment analysis showed that CmCO protein had typical structures of CO homologous protein,including B-box1,B-box2,CCT domain and COOH region. The deduced amino acid sequence of CmFT contained FT-like protein’s conserved motifs and two critical amino acid residues. Homologous analysis showed that the homology of CmCO compared with FaCO(Fragaria × ananassa)was the highest by 65.8%,and with PsCOL(Pisum sativum)and AtCO(Arabidopsis thaliana)were by 62.0% and 55.6% . The homology of CmFT compared with HaFT2(Helianthus annuus)was the highest by 93.7%,and with VvFT(Vitis vinifera)and with AtFT(Arabidopsis thaliana)were 85.1% and 74.0%. Evolutionary tree clustering analysis indicated that the genetic distances between CmCO protein and HaCOL(Helianthus annuus)and HaFT2 were the shortest respectively among others. RT-PCR analysis showed that expression of CmCO and CmFT in the leaves of chrysanthemum almost didn’t observed under long-day conditions,but under short-day conditions,CmCO expressed at initial stage of floral bud differentiation(Ⅰ),then decreased at the stage of involucre primordial diferentiation(Ⅱ)followed by a quick rise. CmFT expressed followed by the CmCO expression,and then kept to high expression. The expression of CmCO and CmFT at the leaves,floral buds and stems of chrysanthemum at initial stage of floret primordial differentiation(Ⅳ)indicated that the expression of CmCO in leaves of chrysanthemum was the highest,and it in the floral buds lower,and it in stems the lowest. The expression of CmFT in the floral buds was the highest,and in the leaves lower,and in stems the lowest. The results presumed that the expressions of CmCO and CmFT were related with flowering of chrysanthemum induced by photoperiods.    
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  • Phosphomannose Isomerase/Mannose Selection System to Screen Lc14-3-3 Transgenic Chrysanthemum Plants
  • YU Li-gang;XIE Li-nan;WANG Jiang;ZHANG Yang;and LI Yu-hua
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1139-1146.
  • Abstract ( 1755 ) HTML ( 1487 ) PDF (795KB) ( 1487 )    
  • The objective of this experiment was to develop the selection system for transgenic chrysanthemums(Chrysanthemum morifolium)by Agrobacterim tumefaciens carrying genes related in saline-alkaline tolerance without using antibiotic resistance genes. Lc14-3-3 was cloned from a xerophilous grass,Leymus chinensis,which is adapted to high pH(8.5–11.5)sodic soils. Leaf explants from in vitro germinated plants of chrysanthemum‘Huoyan’were infected with A. tumefaciens EHA105 pCAMBIA1301. The selection system was based on the use of Escherichia coli phosphomannose isomerase(PMI)gene as a selectable marker gene and mannose as a selective nutrient. The explants were selected on medium supplemented with a combination of mannose and sucrose as a carbon source at different concentrations. Among the leaf explants which were infected,there are 19 shoots surviving after selection by the medium containing 15 g · L-1 mannose. PCR analysis and southern blot analysis confirmed that T3 independent transformed lines were positive for PMI and Lc14-3-3 gene. The growth of transformed lines showed more healthy and high tolerant. The PMI/mannose selection system was efficient for producing transgenic chrysanthemum plants without using antibiotics or herbicides.
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Research Notes

  • Effects of Grafted Prunus persica‘21th Century’on the Characters of Vessel Elements in Root System of P. persica Stock
  • GUO Xue-min;XIAO Xiao;LIANG Li-song;ZHANG Li-bin;GAO Rong-fu;and WANG Gui-xi;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1147-1152.
  • Abstract ( 1888 ) HTML ( 1235 ) PDF (328KB) ( 1235 )    
  • The type and size of vessel elements in root system of both grafted peach trees in which Prunus persica‘21th Century’scion were grafted onto P. persica rootstocks and non-grafted P. persica were examined using tissue segregation procedure and micrograph. The results showed that compared with seedling tree rootstocks which were not grafted,in root system of grafted trees,there were no changes in the mode of secondary wall thickening and lignifications,pitting pattern and types of perforation plates,but the number of vessel elements with tails in both end walls significantly reduced;Vessel element end wall changed to the middle type in which one end wall was horizontal and the other was sloping;The changes of vessel element length were not significant while its diameter decreased significantly. These results indicate peach scion had a certain impact on the type and diameter of vessel elements in root system of stock.
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  • Isolation of Granulation-related ESTs in Newhall Navel Orange Fruit Storage and Primary Analyses of the Sequences
  • XU Lan-zhen;LIU Xiao-feng;HE Yong-rui;YAO Li-xiao;PENG Ai-hong;LEI Tian-gang;and CHEN Shan-chun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1153-1160.
  • Abstract ( 1859 ) HTML ( 1520 ) PDF (389KB) ( 1520 )    
  • In order to analyze the differentially expressed genes in the post-harvested citrus fruit,a subtracted cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH)between the fruit pulp of post-storage(experimental group,the Tester)and that of pre-storage(control group,the Driver). The library included about 656 clones which were 100–1 000 bp in size,among which 213 clones were selected randomly and sequenced. Totally 143 useful ESTs were acquired,and 53 uniESTs were finally obtained. Sequence similarity searches via BLASTx and BLASTn on NCBI showed that the ESTs were sorted into 14 functional categories according to the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences(MIPS). The ESTs involved in metabolism,energy,protein synthesis accounted for 17%,11% and 13% of the total ESTs,respectively.
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  • Germplas Development of Triploid Grapevine and Rapid Identification of Chromosomes Ploidy
  • ZHAO Yan-hua;CHENG He-he;WU Ya-qin;WU Yong-jie;and LI Yu-sheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1161-1166.
  • Abstract ( 2059 ) HTML ( 1629 ) PDF (259KB) ( 1629 )    
  • Diploid grape‘Muscat Hamburg’,‘Red Globe’,‘Moldova’and‘Otilia seedless’were crossed with tetraploid parents‘Kyoho’. The hybrid embryos were in vitro cultured and regenerated into plantlets. The regeneration rate of plantlets reaches to 30.6%. By using Flow Cytometry,thirty triploid cross progenies were obtained. The results showed that the percentages of triploid cross progenies was different when with the different cross combinations of parents. Recently 225 regenerated grape progenies were transplanted into field.   
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  • Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Ion Content,Activities of ATPase and PPase of the Roots in Chrysanthemum Under Salt Stress
  • GUO Chun-xiao;ZHENG Cheng-shu;XIE Hong-ying;XU Jin;and MA Hai-yan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1167-1172.
  • Abstract ( 1849 ) HTML ( 1689 ) PDF (230KB) ( 1689 )    
  • The effects of salicylic acid(SA)on the content of Na+,K+,Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and activities of plasma membrane H+-ATPase,tonoplast H+-ATPase and H+-PPase of roots of chrysanthemum under salt stress were studied with the methods of spraying exogenous SA on leaves of chrysanthemum. The results showed that salt stress increased the contents of Na+,but reduced the contents of K+,Ca2+ ,Mg 2+ of the roots of chrysanthemum. Exogenous SA treatment decreased Na+ contents,increased K+,Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents in the roots of chrysanthemum under salt stress conditions. The activities of plasma membrane H+-ATPase,vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+ -PPase of the roots of chrysanthemum decreased respectively under the salt stress,but exogenous SA treatments inhibited the scopes of decreasing of the activities. And at 10th day after stress treatments,they increased by 17.67%,16.47% and 18.65% respectively in SA treated plants compared with those in NaCl treated plants. These results indicated that exogenous SA may alleviate the damage of chrysanthemum seedlings from salt stress via improvement activities of proton pump of root systems and increasing of contents of K+,Ca2+ and Mg2+,but decreasing contents of Na+ in the roots of chrysanthemum and then reduce damage from salt stress.
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  • Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Different Cultivars of Anthurium andraenum Under Chilling Stress
  • TIAN Dan-qing;GE Ya-ying;PAN Gang-min;SHEN Xiao-lan;HE Yong;ZHANG Zhi;LIU Xiao-jing;and ZHU Zhu-jun;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1173-1179.
  • Abstract ( 2027 ) HTML ( 1916 ) PDF (251KB) ( 1916 )    
  • Abstract:Three cultivars of Anthunium andraenum(‘Alabamb’,‘Dakote’and‘Pink Champion’)were used to investigate the effects of chilling stress on leaf morphology,relative electric conductivity(REC),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and activities of catalase(CAT),peroxidases(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD). Results showed that after 48 h treatment under 6 ℃,‘Alabamb’ showed no symptoms of chilling injury except for slight red color with young leaves. However,‘Pink Champion’showed serious symptoms of chilling injury and then died after re-cultivated in greenhouse.‘Dakote’showed slight symptoms of chilling injury with the wilting of young leaves. Under chilling stress,REC and MDA content in‘Alabamb’leaves increased and activities of CAT,POD and SOD kept at higher level. CAT activity increased continuously with the treatment time,and POD activity decreased at the beginning and then increased to a high level,while SOD activity was relatively stable. After 36 h treatment of low temperature,REC and MDA content decreased. In the leaves of‘Dakote’and‘Pink Champion’,after 12 h treatment of low temperature,REC and MDA content increased obviously,and SOD activity began to decrease. CAT activity began to decrease,and POD activity increased sharply after 24 h treatment of low temperature. From the results of the present experiment,it was concluded that chilling resistance of 3 cultivars was decreased in the order of‘Alabamb’,‘Dakote’and‘Pink Champion’.
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  • Identification and PCR Detection of Phytophthora Blight of Lily
  • YANG Xiu-mei;QU Su-ping;WANG Li-hua;LIU Xiao-xia;PENG Lü-chun;and WANG Ji-hua;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1180-1184.
  • Abstract ( 1921 ) HTML ( 1468 ) PDF (311KB) ( 1468 )    
  • The pathogen causing lily Phytophthora blight was isolated from diseased plants with typical symptoms on basal stems. The fungi was identified as Phytophthora nicotianae according to morphological characteristics,pathogenicity and the sequence of ribosomal DNA-ITS. The sequence of ribosomal DNA-ITS of isolate P1 was showed a sequence identity of 98%–99% with Phytophthora nicotianae published in GenBank. PCR detection using P. nicotianae–specific primers indicated that the pathogen was P. nicotianae. This is the first report of Phytophthora blight of lily in Yunnan.   
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  • he Establishment of the Adventitious Bud Regeneration System of Thymus mandschuricus
  • WANG Ling;YANG Li-peng;ZHANG Xiu-zhen;and Ma Xi-juan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1185-1190.
  • Abstract ( 1723 ) HTML ( 1409 ) PDF (703KB) ( 1409 )    
  • Understand the effect of different combinations of plant growth regulators on bud germination,callus growth induction of stem and leaves,and the regeneration of adventitious buds,by using different tissues of Thymus mandschuricus Ronn.,an endemic ground-cover species of China,as explants. The research results indicated that the axillary buds of Th. mandschuricus can directly germinate in MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg · L-1 and the germination rate was 74%. The proliferation of axillary buds on MS medium containing 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.01 mg · L-1 NAA was achieved to 36.43. The best medium for rooting was 1/2MS + IBA 0.5 mg · L-1. The rooting ratio was 100%. The survival rate reaches 76.7%. Callus can be inducted through the leaf in subculture but can not develop further. The optimizing medium for pedicels explants inducing callus is MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + 2,4-D 1.0 mg · L-1 and inducing multiple buds is MS + 6-BA(0.1–1.0)mg · L-1 + GA3(0.1–0.5)mg · L-1 with the buds induction frequency of 33.3%.
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Technologies and Methods

  • A New Rapid and Effective Method for RNA Isolation from Litchi Tissues of Fruitlet and Abscission Zone
  • WU Jian-yang;PENG Gang;LI Cai-qin;LU Wang-jin;WANG Ze-huai;and LI Jian-guo;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1191-1196.
  • Abstract ( 2149 ) HTML ( 1760 ) PDF (327KB) ( 1760 )    
  • A new simple,rapid and effective LSS(N-lauroyl-sarcosine sodium)-based protocol for RNA isolation from litchi tissues of fruitlet and abscission zone was developed. This LSS method gave high-quality RNA in about 2 h. The ratios of 28S/18S,A260/A280,RNA integrity(RIN)and yield of the total RNA from tissues of fruitlet and abscission zone were 1.7 and 1.9,1.80 and 1.89,9.7 and 10.0,380 and 450 μg · g-1,respectivetly. In addition,reverse transcription-PCR confirmed that the isolated RNA was of appropriate quality and integrity for gene expression studies. Therefore,LSS method is particularly useful for processing large numbers of samples and for isolation of RNA from minute quantities of tissue samples.
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New Cultivars

  • A New Early Ripening Peach Cultivar‘Zaohonglu’
  • MA Rui-juan;YU Ming-liang;SHEN Zhi-jun;SONG Hong-feng;and XU Jian-lan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1205-1206.
  • Abstract ( 1593 ) HTML ( 1093 ) PDF (157KB) ( 1093 )    
  • ‘Zaohonglu’is an early ripening peach cultivar derived from the cross of 63-17-1 and 77-1-29. The flower is showy with pollen fertility. The fruit is round and fully covered by red when full ripen. Its average fruit weight is 127.3 g,the biggest one is 204.3 g. The flesh is white,crisp,with 11.7% soluble solids content,8.75% soluble sugar content and 0.18% titratable acid content. The stone is cling. The fruit development period is about 66 days. It ripens in early June in Nanjing,China.
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  • A New Grape Rootstock Cultivar‘Kangzhen 3’
  • FAN Xiu-cai;SUN Hai-sheng;LI Min;ZHANG Ying;JIANG Jian-fu;and LIU Chong-huai
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1207-1208.
  • Abstract ( 2633 ) HTML ( 1258 ) PDF (173KB) ( 1258 )    
  • ‘Kangzhen 3’is derived from‘Hean 580’(Vitis riparia Michawx.)בSO4’(V. berlandieri Planch × V. riparia Michawx.),which is high resistant to salinity,phylloxera and root-knot nematode. ‘Kangzhen 3’has strong adaptability,high yields,and good compatibility with the commercial cultivars. Compared with‘Beta’and‘SO4’,it has no appreciable effect on the main characteristics of‘Kyoho’,‘Red Globe’,‘Xiangyue’,‘Summer Black’and‘Zhenghei’. This cultivar germinate in early April,bloom in early May. Its branches began to mature in early July,and leaves began to drop in early November. The annual growth period is about 216 days in Zhengzhou.
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  • A New Hot Pepper Hybrid‘Sujiao 16’
  • WANG Shu-bin;LIU Jin-bing;PAN Bao-gui;DIAO Wei-ping;and GE Wei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1209-1210.
  • Abstract ( 2356 ) HTML ( 1427 ) PDF (163KB) ( 1427 )    
  • A new early ripening hot pepper‘Sujiao 16’has been released. Its fruit is long lantern shaped,green color in immature and red color in mature,15–16 cm in length and 62.1 g in weight. The marketable yield is up to 44 000 kg · hm-2. It shows good resistance to disease,excellent storage capacity,and strong tolerance to low temperature. It is highly resistant to bacterial wilt and phytophthora blight. It is suitable for the protected cultivation in the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River.
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  • A New Hot Pepper Cultivar‘Maojiao 4’
  • SUN Qi-di;Lü Qing-fang;QIU Qiu-cheng;LI Ying-zhi;FENG Feng;and YE Chun-hai
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1211-1212.
  • Abstract ( 1881 ) HTML ( 1202 ) PDF (396KB) ( 1202 )    
  • ‘Maojiao 4’(Capsicum annuum L.)is a new hot pepper cultivar derived from hybrid combination of S9607 × T9705. The fruit is yellow-green-colored,sheep-horn shaped and smooth-skinned,its length is 20–23 cm. The average single fruit weight is 50–70 g,and the average yield is about 60 000 kg · hm-2. The soluble sugar content is 21.1 g · kg-1,and the vitamin C content is 2.02 mg · kg-1.‘Maojiao 4’ is characterized by big fruit,high yield,high appearance quality,high tolerance to adversity,good adaptability,and early to medium maturity.‘Maojiao 4’is suitable for open field cultivation in spring and autumn in the areas of Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan Province.
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  • A New Cauliflower Hybrid‘Zhe 801’
  • GU Hong-hui;ZHAO Zhen-qing;YU Hui-fang;SHENG Xiao-guang;WANG Jian-sheng;and ZHANG Xiao-hui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1213-1214.
  • Abstract ( 1551 ) HTML ( 1238 ) PDF (351KB) ( 1238 )    
  • New cauliflower cultivar‘Zhe 801’,semi-solid curd type,hybrided from‘3045-1’ב955’,is 80 days to maturity from transplanting to harvest. The waxy-leaf plants are semi-erect as well as strong. The curd has little green peduncle,spherical shape and smooth surface. Normally the curd is one kilogram weight with 20 centimeters in transverse diameter. The curds have 2.12% crude protein,2.71% soluble sugar and 625 mg · kg-1 vitamin C. This cultivar can be applied to curd-dehydrated processing,which is suitable for cultivating in eastern China.
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  • A New Dioscorea opposite Cultivar‘Longyao 1’
  • Lü Jun-feng;GUO Tian-wen;HOU Hui-zhi;ZHANG Guo-ping;and LI Xing-mao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1215-1216.
  • Abstract ( 1624 ) HTML ( 1278 ) PDF (168KB) ( 1278 )    
  • ‘Longyao 1’is a new cultivar of Dioscorea opposite Thunb,which is screened by continuous system-selective breeding from Pingliang yam community in Kongtong area Pingliang City Gansu Province. It is a late maturing cultivar. Its average tuber yield can reach 24 252.0 kg · hm-2,and the highest yield is 26 851.5 kg · hm-2. It has 32.4 g · kg-1 rude protein content of yam tuber,190.8 g · kg-1 rude starch content,5.72 g · kg-1 soluble sugar and 73.5% moisture content of fresh tuber. It is suitable for cultivation in the eastern river valley regions of Gansu.
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  • New Chinese Bellflower Cultivars‘Zhonggeng 1’,‘Zhonggeng 2’and ‘Zhonggeng 3’Developed by Using the Male Sterile Line
  • WEI Jian-he;YANG Cheng-min;SUI Chun;HUANG Lu-qi;SHI Feng-hua;CHU Qing-long;and JIN Yue
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1217-1218.
  • Abstract ( 1515 ) HTML ( 1256 ) PDF (154KB) ( 1256 )    
  • The new Chinese bellflower cultivars‘Zhonggeng 1’,‘Zhonggeng 2’and‘Zhonggeng 3’were the first generation hybrids which were developed using the cytoplasmic male sterile line. The hybrids have strong growth vigor with high yield of medicinal roots and seedling blight resistance. For the two-year harvested roots,the content of the total saponins and saponin D were 2.45% and 0.092% of ‘Zhonggeng 1’,2.89% and 0.097% of‘Zhonggeng 2’,2.59% and 0.077% of‘Zhonggeng 3’.‘Zhonggeng 1’with fewer lateral roots was suitable for the use of decoction pieces processing.‘Zhonggeng 2’with higher saponins content was suitable for the use of extraction processing. ‘Zhonggeng 3’with lower crude fiber content was suitable for both edible and medicinal usage.  
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  • A New Tea Cultivar‘Echa 11’
  • JIN Xiao-fang;MIN Cai-yun;JIA Shang-zhi;CHEN Xun;and SHI Ya-ya
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(6): 1219-1220.
  • Abstract ( 1589 ) HTML ( 1444 ) PDF (184KB) ( 1444 )    
  • ‘Echa 11’is a new clonal tea cultivar derived from the natural crossing progenies of ‘Longjing 43’. It has many excellent characteristics,such as early sprouting,high yield,fine quality and strong resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing of green tea. For the baked green tea product of‘Echa 11’,it appears tender green bloom and tippy shape,bright yellowish green liquor color,clean aroma and extending,mellow and thick taste,and bright tender green infused leaf. It is suitable to be cultivated in Hubei Province and the area with climate similar.
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