In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

Sunburn is a common physiological disorder in citrus production，but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The study was carried out at Fenghuang Mountain，Banyue Town，Dangyang City，Hubei Province in 2021. Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu Marc.）and Ponkan（C. reticulata）were used as experimental materials to investigate the difference in sunburn and potential mechanisms by examining peel injury degree，performing cytological observation，measuring antioxidant content and gene expression levels. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin was more susceptible to sunburn than Ponkan. Significant difference in the incidence rates of sunburn was observed between the two varieties，43.12% for Satsuma mandarin and 22.52% for Ponkan. Sunburn seriously influenced the compactness of pericarp cells and resulted in the accumulation of lignin. Satsuma mandarin fruits were found to accumulate greater level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. In addition，nobiletin，a critical metabolite in the polymethoxyflavone metabolic pathway，was significantly enriched in Ponkan fruit peel. Consistently，transcript levels of CrCHS2，CrCHI and CrFNS，encoding crucial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid，and CrOMT2 in the polymethoxyflavone pathway were significantly induced in the sunburnned Ponkan fruit peel. Taken together，these findings indicate that the main reason for the difference in sunburn between Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan is that the latter contains more antioxidant that can effectively decrease the ROS accumulation，thus leading to mitigation of sunburn-derived damage.

‘Yangguang 1’（Citrus reticulata Blanco），developed by a crossing of‘Hongmeiren’（Ehime Kashi 28）as seed parent with‘Haruka’as pollen parent，is a monoembryonic and sterile line showing seedless and male-aborted. It is vigorous with high fruit-setting rate. The leaves have smooth surface with acute apex. The fruits are smooth and high flat-round in shape. The pulp is light orange in colour，crispy and tender. Single fruit weights 240-270 g in weight with 13.0%-15.0% total soluble solids，0.65% titratable acidity and 435.0 mg · L^-1 Vitamin C. In Chongqing，it matures in late November. The fruits are tolerant to storage and transportation，but tend to be suffered from high fruit cracking rate in the open field，so this cultivar is suitable for cultivation in greenhouse facilities. With annual yield of 26 300-27 500 kg · hm^-2，the major production regions include the dry-hot river valleys of Yunnan，plain/hilly area in Sichuan and western Hunan region.

In order to clarify the fruit quality and aroma substance content characteristics of‘Merlot’grape from different producing areas in Hexi Corridor，this study analyzed the climate data，soil nutrients，fruit quality and aroma substance components of Jiayuguan，Zhangye and Wuwei producing areas for three consecutive years. The results showed that the soil of the three regions was generally lack of organic matter，and the content of organic matter was below grade 4（lack）. The pH value of soil was from 7.72 to 8.23，belonging to neutral to alkaline soil. The contents of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in the surface soil are relatively rich，and the contents of iron，copper and manganese in the soil at different depths in Wuwei are relatively high. The monthly effective accumulated temperature and diurnal temperature difference in Zhangye from April to September are significantly higher than those in other regions，and the rainfall in Wuwei region is the largest. The glucose content in the fruit quality of the three producing areas was Zhangye > Jiayuguan > Wuwei，and the sucrose content was the opposite，and the content of tartaric acid，citric acid and ascorbic acid in Wuwei was higher than that in the other two producing areas. The total content of aroma compounds in fruit quality in Jiayuguan in 2018 and 2019 was higher than that in the other two producing areas. Environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation were significantly correlated with fruit sugar and acid content，and mineral elements such as calcium，manganese，copper and iron in soil were also significantly correlated with fruit sugar and acid content. Therefore，it can be considered that the differences of aroma substances in different habitats are the result of the combined action of environmental factors and soil nutrition.

‘Longjiao 13’is a new hot pepper F₁ hybrid cultivar，acquired with lines 1474 and 1439 as female and male parent respectively. The fruit is horn shape with wrinkle，28.0 cm in length，3.1 cm in width，0.27 cm in pulp thickness and 66 g in weight. The fruit has a green color，wrinkled surface，spicy taste，and good commercial value. Average yield is 75 000 kg · hm^-2 in facilities.‘Longjiao 13’is resistance to TMV and Phytophthora blight and it is suitable for planting in facilities and open fields in northwest China.

CRISPR/Cas9 is the immune defense system in bacteria and archaea. In 1987，a special repeat interval sequence was firstly discovered in Escherichia coli. Later，this repeat interval sequence was also found in more than 20 bacteria and archaea. In 2002，this special sequence was officially named as CRISPR. Subsequently，a series of studies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing were carried out. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is the third generation gene editing technology，following ZFNs（zinc finger nucleases）technology and TALENs（transfer activator like effector nucleases）technology. This system has the advantages of simple operation design，high mutation efficiency，low cost，and has been successively applied in many horticultural plants such as citrus，grape，banana，strawberry，cucumber，and potato. This article reviews the principles and research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology，discusses the developmental history of various editors，including single base editor，double base editor，and guided editor，introduces the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in horticultural plants，and finally proposes the remaining problems and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

In order to explore the function of SlWRKY46 in response to low temperature stress，the CDS sequence of SlWRKY46 cloned from tomato‘Micro-Tom’leaves was analyzed. The result showed that SlWRKY46 belonged to Ⅱa group of WRKY family and encoded 253 amino acids. SlWRKY46 was localized in the nucleus by subcellular localization analysis. SlWRKY46 had no transcriptional activation activity in yeast. SlWRKY46 could form homologous dimers by yeast two-hybrid yeast（Y2H）. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）showed that the expressions of SlWRKY46 were significantly induced by low temperature and abscisic acid（ABA）. The GUS staining of SlWRKY46 promoter transgenic tomato also cloud be induced by low temperature and ABA. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines had higher cold tolerance compared with wild-type. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines exhibited lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and malondialdehyde levels，and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation compared with wild-type under low temperature treatment. The expression levels of genes related to antioxidant enzyme and ABA showed significant differences between overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines and wild-type under low temperature treatment. Taken together，these results indicated that SlWRKY46 positively regulated the cold tolerance of tomato by antioxidant enzyme and ABA pathways.

Discovering natural triploids from diploid seedling offspring is an effective mehod to cultivate new seedless citrus cultivar. In this study，the small plump seeds of Orah were germinated and sowed，and the ploidy of seedling offsprings was identified by morphological screening，flow cytometry and chromosome counting. A total of 98 triploid lines of Orah seedlings were obtained. Two pairs of SSR primers with polymorphism between the female parent and its candidate male parent were used to analyze the hybrid origin of triploid progenies. It was found that only the amplification product of Orah mandarin could be detected in the triploid progenies. Further genetic analysis was performed using 36 pairs of S-RNase primers. Results showed that the S genotype S₁₁/S_M of Orah mandarin was detected in all triploid progenies，and the S genotype S₂₂ of the candidate male parent Shatangju occurred in two lines，presumed that these two lines were triploid progenies produced by the hybridization of Orah and Shatangju，and were formed by fertilization of 2n female gametes. The remaining lines might be autotriploids produced by selfing of Orah. Compared with the diploid seedlings，the triploid seedlings of the same age grew slowly，the internodes became shorter，the dwarfing was obvious，the main roots were short and thick，the fibrous roots were less，the leaves were dark green and thicker. Under the same cultivation and management conditions，the expression of multiple stress response related genes（CitCOMT，CitGRAS，CitERF4 and CitERF9）in the leaves of allotriploid plants was significantly up-regulated compared with diploid and autotriploid plants.

‘Yanjiao 465’is a new processing pepper hybrid cultivar which was bred with the male-sterile line 481-4-1A as female parent and the restorer line 0416Y02 as the male parent. The plant height is of 100.68 cm. The average node of the first flower is 13.05. It’s with late maturing. The cultivar has strong growth vigor and high resistance to virus disease and Phytophthora blight，and resistance to anthracnose. The fruit is 10.10 cm in length，1.36 cm in width and 0.14 cm in flesh thickness. The average fruit weight is 7.38 g. The yield of fresh pepper is 30 849 kg · hm^-2. It is suitable for planting in the spring open field in the main growing areas of Southwest China，North China and Northwest China.

Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS），a reverse genetic technique based on plant antiviral mechanism，has been widely used in the study of plant growth and development，signal transduction，metabolic pathways and stress resistance due to its advantages of independent of plant genetic transformation system，time-saving，easy and efficient operation，and high-throughput. In this paper，the mechanism，application and problems of VIGS were reviewed，and the vector construction strategies and influencing factors were discussed emphatically，aiming to provide reference for the further development and application of VIGS technology.

Citrus is usually considered as a typical non-climacteric fruit，with abscisic acid being primarily associated with citrus fruit maturity. However，other hormones，such as ethylene，gibberellin，auxin，also contribute significantly to the maturity and color transition of citrus. In production，a variety of natural hormones and synthetic plant growth regulators are commonly utilized to extend the marketing period of citrus fruits and improve postharvest preservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research advances concerning the role of plant hormones on the maturation of citrus fruits. It delves into the complex relationships between these hormones and investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlled by related transcription factors. The primary aim is to provide reference for further research.

In order to study the response of GH3.17 gene to salt stress in strawberry，the evolutionary relationship and physicochemical properties of FaGH3.17 were analysed using bioinformatics，and the gene was cloned and subsequently subcellularly localised in tobacco and heterologously overexpressed in Arabidopsis to verify its function in salt stress. The results showed that FaGH3.17 is an acidic and unstable hydrophobic，non-secretory protein，and the analysis of the evolutionary relationship of species revealed that FaGH3.17 is the closest relative to Potentilla anserina. Subcellular localisation in tobacco revealed that FaGH3.17 was mainly localised in the nucleus and cell membrane. Heterologously overexpression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that under salt stress，the conductivity，MDA and H₂O₂ content were higher than those of wild-type plants，which were elevated by 15.43%，42.97%，and 18.86%，respectively，whereas the Pro content，POD，SOD，and CAT activities were significantly lower than those of the wild-type plants，which were reduced by 13.28%，15.42%，14.22%，19.87%，respectively. And the relative expression of salt-responsive genes were all significantly reduced. It was shown that heterologous overexpression of FaGH3.17 significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance contents in Arabidopsis，which predicts that GH3.17 may attenuate the salt tolerance of plants.

In order to understand the function of DUF966 family genes（ZoDUF966）in ginger，the biological information method was used to systematically identify them. A total of 11 ZoDUF966 were identified and classified into groups a，b and c，including 5，4 and 2 members，respectively. All ZoDUF966 proteins were hydrophilic proteins and localized in the nucleus. Except for ZoDUF966_1b，ZoDUF966_3b and ZoDUF966_11a，the other 8 proteins were alkaline proteins. In the secondary structure of the protein，α-helix and random coil are dominant，and there are some differences in the tertiary structure. Eleven ZoDUF966 were distributed on six chromosomes，except for four and three genes on chromosomes 6 and 16，respectively，and only one gene on each of the other four chromosomes. The promoter sequence of ZoDUF966 contains cis-acting elements related to light response，stress，growth and development，and plant hormones. Gene expression analysis based on transcriptome sequencing data showed that the expression of ZoDUF966 was different in different growth periods，different tissues，biotic and abiotic stresses. Among them，ZoDUF966_6c responded to low temperature stress，and ZoDUF966_9b was highly up-regulated after inoculation with Fusarium solani. qRT-PCR results showed that ZoDUF966 responded to drought，flooding and salt stresses. Under drought stress，ZoDUF966_6c/10a/11a in roots and ZoDUF966_7a/11a in rhizomes were significantly up-regulated，while ZoDUF966_1b/4b and ZoDUF966_8a/1a in rhizomes were significantly down-regulated. Under salt stress，ZoDUF966_9b and ZoDUF966_7a were significantly up-regulated in roots，and ZoDUF966_5a was significantly down-regulated in roots. Under waterlogging stress，ZoDUF966_7a and ZoDUF966_10a were significantly up-regulated in rhizome，while ZoDUF966_1b in leaves and ZoDUF966_11a in roots were significantly down-regulated.

In order to explore the effects of biological-organic fertilizer combined with specialized fertilizer on soil nutrients，soil microbial diversity and yield in vineyards，this study selected the‘Shine Muscat’grape under protected cultivation as the research object，and conventional fertilization treatment as the control treatment. The research results showed that the soil pH，available phosphorus，available potassium，and exchangeable calcium or magnesium contents under the biological-organic fertilizer combined with specialized fertilizer and specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment were significantly increased（P < 0.05）compared with the control treatment. The value of soil bacterial diversity Chao1 index，Shannon index，and total OUT on showed a significant increase，but the soil fungal diversity Chao1 index and Shannon index had no significant changes. The results of Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that soil bacterial communities can be classified into 40 phyla，108 classes，240 orders，326 families，and 595 genera，while soil fungal communities can be classified into 13 phyla，32 classes，71 orders，126 families，and 172 genera. Compared with control treatment，biological-organic fertilizer combined with specialized fertilizer and specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatments at the bacterial phyla level，the relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased by 80.33%，and the bacterial classes level，the relative abundance of α-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased by 29.62% and 108.56%，respectively. At the fungi phyla level，the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased by 4.48%，and at the fungi classes level，Sordariomycetes increased by 10.42%，but Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes decreased by 26.38% and 29.42%. Redundancy analysis（RDA）found that at the phyla level，the explanation rates of environmental factors for soil bacterial and fungal communities change were 64.21% and 56.91% respectively. Soil pH，available potassium，and exchangeable calcium or magnesium had a significant impact on the structure of soil microbial communities in vineyards. Compared to the control treatment，the yield and soluble solid content increased by 25.91% and 5.61% under the biological-organic fertilizer combined with specialized fertilizer and specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment，respectively.

The research systematically studied the effects of different types and concentrations of chemical defoliants on the defoliation and nutrient reflux of 5-year-old‘Dongzao’jujube in greenhouse via foliar spraying. The results showed that：（1）0.20% ethephon treatment had the best defoliation effect on jujube trees，with a high defoliation rate of 75.75% on 7 days after treatment；（2）The nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium reflux caused by natural fallen leaves of jujube trees were 4.14，0.27，and 3.18 g · kg^-1，respectively；（3）Leaf nitrogen reflux occurred under all chemical defoliant treatments and 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，and 1.0% zinc sulfate treatments significantly increased leaf nitrogen reflux. Leaves phosphorus reflux can be found under 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，1.0% zinc sulfate，2.0% zinc sulfate，0.05% ethephon and 0.10% ethephon treatments. Potassium backflow can be detected in leaves treated with 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，0.05% ethephon，and 0.20% ethephon. However，only 8% and 10% urea treatments significantly increased leaf nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium reflux. In conclusion，0.20% ethephon is the best treatment for rapid defoliation in production. The best treatment for the purpose of shedding leaves at a specific period without leaf nutrient waste is 8% or 10% urea，which significantly improves the backflow of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium.

To analyze the information of the glutathione-S-transferase（GST）gene family in ginger （Zingiber officinale Roscoe.），based on ginger genome data，the members and expression patterns of the ZoGST family were identified and analyzed. Furthermore，the expression characteristics of 10 ZoGST under different stress conditions were detected using qRT-PCR. A total of 58 members of the GST family were identified in the ginger genome，encoding proteins with amino acid lengths ranging from 110 to 675 aa，molecular weights ranging from 12.21 to 72.51 kD，isoelectric points ranging from 4.55 to 9.51. The phylogenetic tree shows that ZoGST can be divided intoⅠ-Ⅹsubfamilies，with members from the Ⅶ andⅩsubfamilies being the majority. The members of the ZoGST family are distributed on 11 chromosomes，and collinearity analysis shows that there are 6 pairs of segment duplications in this family member. Analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements revealed that the upstream promoter region contains regulatory elements related to light response，stress，and hormone regulation. Transcriptome sequencing data analysis shows that ZoGST has certain tissue expression specificity and responds to stress such as diseases and low temperatures. Among them，ZoGSTDHAR5，ZoGSTF9，ZoGSTF13，etc. are highly expressed in ginger at different growth stages，different parts，low temperatures，and disease stresses. qRT-PCR analysis showed that under salt stress，the expression levels of ZoGSTDHAR2（except for rhizomes），ZoGSTEF1G2，and ZoGSTF9 were significantly downregulated in different tissues of ginger. Under flooding stress，the expression levels of ZoGSTDHAR2 and others were significantly upregulated in leaves and rhizome. Under drought stress，the expression levels of ZoGSTF9 and others were significantly upregulated in roots.

To explore the regulation mechanism of exogenous melatonin（MT）on leaf senescence of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）,‘Jinpeng 1'tomato and SlTDC（L-tryptophan decarboxylase encoding gene，a key gene for MT synthesis）overexpression and knockout transgenic tomato plants were used as experimental materials and dark condition was used to simulate senescence，the effects of MT on senescence-related gene（SAG12）expression,reactive oxygen species（ROS）accumulation and antioxidant system were studied in this paper. The results showed that the mRNA abundance of SAG12，the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and superoxide anion superoxide anion，the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and ascorbate peroxidase（APX）and their gene expression，and the content of ascorbic acid（AsA）and glutathione（GSH）in tomato leaves increased significantly with the prolongation of dark treatment time. Compared with the control（H₂O），the tomato treated with exogenous MT showed lower SAG12 mRNA abundance，the content of H₂O₂ and superoxide anion and higher activities of SOD，POD，APX as well as their gene expression and the content of redox substances. Meanwhile，overexpression of SlTDC also significantly down-regulated the mRNA abundance of SAG12 and the content of H₂O₂ and superoxide anion，and enhanced antioxidant capacity，while inhibition or knockout of SlTDC up-regulated the expression of senescence genes and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species（ROS）in tomato leaves under dark treatment，which accelerated leaf senescence. Moreover，field application studies showed that exogenous MT could also significantly down-regulate the expression of senescence genes and accumulation of ROS in tomato senescent leaves（leaf age > 35 d）in solar greenhouse，and delay leaf senescence caused by increasing leaf age. In summary，MT can accelerate the removal of ROS by down-regulating the expression of senescence genes and up-regulating antioxidant capacity，and then delay the senescence of dark or leaf-age-dependent tomato leaves.

To analyze the molecular regulation mechanism of tree peony（Paeonia suffruticosa）in southern China，‘Hu Hong’was selected as the test material，the leaves treated at 20 ℃ and 40 ℃ were collected after 0，2，6，12 and 24 h，respectively. Transcriptomics and physiological and biochemical indicators were used to explore the differences in gene expression at different treatment times under high temperature stress. The result showed that the leaves showed water loss and biofilm damage，the relative conductivity of leaves and the proline content increased significantly with the prolongation of high temperature stress time. Free proline，relative conductivity and soluble protein were identified as important indicators to measure the changes of physiological mechanism in the response of peony to high temperature stress. A total of 492 693 unigene and 840 509 transcripts were generated by RNA-seq. 36 174 differentially expressed genes（DEGs）were annotated in 5 databases including GO and KEGG. The GO analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways were the reaction pathway to heat and the cycle pathway of reduced pentose phosphate. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEG is involved in signal transduction，photosynthesis and metabolism play a major role in responding to high temperature stress. Among the DEGs，multiple candidate genes and transcription factors involved in heat stress have been screened out，such as heat shock transcription factors PSHSFA2b，PSHSFA3，PSHSFB2a，PSHSFB2b，PSHSFB4，PSHSFC1 and some NAC，MYB，bHLH family genes. The expression of 11 selected genes under high temperature stress was detected by qRT-PCR，and the results were similar to RNA seq.

To explore the effects of different improvement measures on the soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial communities in a peach continuous cropping field. The peach seedling cultivation field planted for three years was collected and six treatments were established in the field experiment including the untreated（control），bio-organic fertilizer，ferrous sulfate，grondverbeteraar，bacillus subtilis and farmyard manure，and the effects of different improvement measures on soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial communities in the peach continuous cropping were investigated through a locational field trial. The results showed that the different treatments increased the content of nutrient elements in the soils. Compared with the control，the content of organic matter，total nitrogen，total phosphorus，total potassium，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，available iron and available zinc in the soil of the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer increased by 44.30%，62.18%，58.82%，9.20%，92.97%，80.18%，93.98%，31.77% and 94.51%，respectively. Compared with the control，the soil pH decreased by 11.15%，and the soil salt content and conductivity increased by 85.71% and 89.29%，respectively. Moreover，the different treatments increased the number of bacterial OTUs and bacterial diversity in the soil. Compared with the control，the farmyard manure and bacillus subtilis treatment significantly increased the abundance and diversity of bacteria in the soils，the treatment of farmyard manure promoted the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates in the soil，increased the synergistic effect between bacterial communities，and improved the stability of bacterial communities in the soils. Correlation analysis showed that the soil bacterial community characteristics were mainly affected by the soil total potassium，potassium ion，chloride ion，available potassium，magnesium ion，available iron，organic matter，pH and conductivity. Generally，compared with the control，the different treatments increased the height，stem thickness，and chlorophyll content of peach seedlings，especially the bio-organic and farmyard manure treatments promoted seedling growth. The results showed that the treatments of bio-organic fertilizer and farm manure can improve the physical and chemical properties and the microbial community characteristics of the soil in peach continuous cropping field. They also accelerate the growth of peach seedlings.

The plant-specific NAC（NAM，ATAF1/2，CUC2）transcription factors play important roles in regulating fruit quality. To explore the role of the NAC in the regulation of soluble sugars in peach （Prunus persica）fruit quality，a total of 117 potential peach NAC members（PpNAC）were identified with an uneven distribution across all eight chromosomes as well as a scaffold. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these PpNAC were classified into 13 subgroups. The NAC gene PpNAC050 that is highly expressed during later fruit development were further characterized，and it was in nucleus with transcriptional activation. Transient overexpression of PpNAC050 in peach fruits significantly increased fructose content and glucose content in peach fruit flesh. EMSA and dual-luciferase assays showed that PpNAC050，being a transcriptional repressor，directly bound to the promoters of PpERDL6-1（PpERDL16），a vacuolar membrane monosaccharide transporter gene regulating fructose content，suggesting that PpNAC050 positively regulated fructose accumulation by repressing PpERDL6-1 gene expression.