Applying Equal Carbon Application from Organic Materials Improved Vegetable Yield，Quality and Soil Carbon Components

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0392

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (9): 2719-2732.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0392

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Applying Equal Carbon Application from Organic Materials Improved Vegetable Yield，Quality and Soil Carbon Components

WANG Xingyue¹^,², ZHANG Jining¹^,³^,⁴^,^*(), LU Ping⁵, JIANG Zheng¹^,³^,⁴, SUN Huifeng¹^,³^,⁴, ZHANG Xianxian¹^,³^,⁴, WANG Cong¹^,³^,⁴, ZHOU Sheng¹^,³^,⁴

¹ Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute， Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shanghai 201403
² School of Health Science and Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology， Shanghai 200093
³ Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture（SERCLA）， Shanghai 201415
⁴ Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Shanghai 201403
⁵ Jiading Agricultural Technology Extension Center， Shanghai 201899

Received:2026-02-11 Revised:2026-05-20 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-09-20
Contact: ZHANG Jining

Abstract

Abstract:

A pot experiment with sandy loam soil was conducted using a completely randomized block design. The conventional fertilization（CF）as the control. The effects of straw，organic fertilizer，peat，and biochar on vegetable yield，quality，soil organic carbon（SOC），particulate organic carbon（POC），and mineral-associated organic carbon（MAOC）were compared through the rotation of pak choi（Brassica chinensis L.）and spinach（Spinacia oleracea L.）. The results showed that，under equal carbon input conditions，compared with the CF treatment，the biochar treatment increased the yield of pak choi by 47.4%，the soluble sugar content of pak choi by 12.0% and the vitamin C content of spinach by 23.0%. The peat treatment significantly increased the vitamin C content（18.3%）and soluble sugar content（13.0%）of pak choi，as well as the vitamin C content of spinach（35.4%），while significantly reducing the cellulose content of pak choi（27.1%）. After the vegetable rotation finished，compared with the CF treatment，the peat，biochar，and organic fertilizer treatments all significantly increased SOC content by 63.0%，59.8%，and 57.0%，respectively. Their increases in soil POC content were 109.6%，67.7%，and 115.1%，respectively；and their increases in soil MAOC were 12.9%，26.1%，and 39.5%，respectively. The soil MAOC/SOC ratios of the organic fertilizer and peat treatments were below 50%，while that of the biochar treatment was above 50%. The study indicated that applying peat in combination with conventional fertilization can improve vegetable quality and stabilize the soil carbon pool.

Key words: vegetable cultivation, organic material returning, biochar, quality, mineral- associated organic carbon

CLC Number:

S63蔬菜园艺

WANG Xingyue, ZHANG Jining, LU Ping, JIANG Zheng, SUN Huifeng, ZHANG Xianxian, WANG Cong, ZHOU Sheng. Applying Equal Carbon Application from Organic Materials Improved Vegetable Yield，Quality and Soil Carbon Components[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2719-2732.

Figures/Tables 10

References 38

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供试材料 Material	pH	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） Electrical conductivity	有机碳/（g · kg^-1） Soil organic carbon	总氮/（g · kg^-1） Total nitrogen	C/N	溶解性有机碳/（mg · kg^-1） Dissolved organic carbon	溶解性总氮/（mg · kg^-1） Dissolved nitrogen
土壤Soil	6.95	0.93	20.6	0.37	55.6	118	215
秸秆Straw	5.66	4.66	435.0	0.35	124.0	48 000	365
有机肥 Organic fertilizer	6.75	6.62	234.0	2.33	10.1	2 496	6 400
草炭Peat	4.81	3.22	255.0	1.47	17.4	1 071	103
生物炭Biochar	8.00	0.41	637.0	1.20	53.1	238	84

供试材料 Material	pH	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） Electrical conductivity	有机碳/（g · kg^-1） Soil organic carbon	总氮/（g · kg^-1） Total nitrogen	C/N	溶解性有机碳/（mg · kg^-1） Dissolved organic carbon	溶解性总氮/（mg · kg^-1） Dissolved nitrogen
土壤Soil	6.95	0.93	20.6	0.37	55.6	118	215
秸秆Straw	5.66	4.66	435.0	0.35	124.0	48 000	365
有机肥 Organic fertilizer	6.75	6.62	234.0	2.33	10.1	2 496	6 400
草炭Peat	4.81	3.22	255.0	1.47	17.4	1 071	103
生物炭Biochar	8.00	0.41	637.0	1.20	53.1	238	84

处理 Treatment	酸碱度 pH	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） Electrical conductivity	溶解性总氮/（mg · kg^-1） Dissolved nitrogen	有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available phosphorous	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available potassium
常规施肥 Conventional fertilizer	6.63 ± 0.02 a	1.15 ± 0.08 c	293.8 ± 43.1 ab	236.9 ± 7.8 d	125.0 ± 15.2 b
秸秆Straw	6.44 ± 0.06 b	2.05 ± 0.21 a	259.0 ± 50.9 bc	342.4 ± 2.2 b	172.5 ± 44.4 a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer	6.46 ± 0.04 b	1.65 ± 0.27 ab	360.6 ± 76.8 ab	494.4 ± 13.6 a	169.2 ± 6.3 a
草炭Peat	6.36 ± 0.03 b	1.59 ± 0.42 abc	385.0 ± 90.7 a	228.1 ± 12.1 d	106.7 ± 8.8 b
生物炭Biochar	6.49 ± 0.05 b	1.20 ± 0.04 bc	172.9 ± 38.4 c	269.6 ± 19.3 c	109.2 ± 12.6 b

处理 Treatment	酸碱度 pH	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） Electrical conductivity	溶解性总氮/（mg · kg^-1） Dissolved nitrogen	有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available phosphorous	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available potassium
常规施肥 Conventional fertilizer	6.63 ± 0.02 a	1.15 ± 0.08 c	293.8 ± 43.1 ab	236.9 ± 7.8 d	125.0 ± 15.2 b
秸秆Straw	6.44 ± 0.06 b	2.05 ± 0.21 a	259.0 ± 50.9 bc	342.4 ± 2.2 b	172.5 ± 44.4 a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer	6.46 ± 0.04 b	1.65 ± 0.27 ab	360.6 ± 76.8 ab	494.4 ± 13.6 a	169.2 ± 6.3 a
草炭Peat	6.36 ± 0.03 b	1.59 ± 0.42 abc	385.0 ± 90.7 a	228.1 ± 12.1 d	106.7 ± 8.8 b
生物炭Biochar	6.49 ± 0.05 b	1.20 ± 0.04 bc	172.9 ± 38.4 c	269.6 ± 19.3 c	109.2 ± 12.6 b

处理Treatment	不结球白菜/g Pak choi	菠菜/g Spinach
常规施肥Conventional fertilizer	116 ± 50 b	46 ± 90 ab
秸秆Straw	119 ± 60 b	39 ± 22 bc
有机肥Organic fertilizer	114 ± 11 b	59 ± 14 ab
草炭Peat	111 ± 90 b	34 ± 10 bc
生物炭Biochar	171 ± 15 a	69 ± 13 a

Applying Equal Carbon Application from Organic Materials Improved Vegetable Yield，Quality and Soil Carbon Components

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处理 Treatment	土壤碳库指数 Carbon pool index （CPI）	碳库活度 Lability （L）	碳库活度指数 Lability index （LI）	碳库管理指数/% Carbon pool management index （CPMI）
常规施肥Conventional fertilizer	1.0 ± 0.0 b	0.2 ± 0.0 a	1.0 ± 0.1 a	100.1 ± 9.0 b
秸秆Straw	1.2 ± 0.1 b	0.3 ± 0.1 a	1.4 ± 0.4 a	166.0 ± 46.4 b
有机肥Organic fertilizer	1.6 ± 0.3 a	0.2 ± 0.1 a	1.1 ± 0.4 a	162.3 ± 52.1 b
草炭Peat	1.6 ± 0.0 a	0.3 ± 0.1 a	1.6 ± 0.3 a	263.7 ± 48.2 a
生物炭Biochar	1.6 ± 0.2 a	0.2 ± 0.1 a	1.1 ± 0.3 a	176.2 ± 64.8 b

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