Effects of Continuous Cropping on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Facility-Grown Cut Chrysanthemums

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0317

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 1737-1752.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0317

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Continuous Cropping on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Facility-Grown Cut Chrysanthemums

LIU Huahao, CHEN Jiaying, YU Lizhen, QI Qimo, ZHAO Shuang, FANG Weimin, CHEN Fadi, GUAN Zhiyong^*()

College of Horticulture， Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Landscaping，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China，National Forestry and Grassland Administration， Nanjing 210095， China

Received:2025-06-28 Revised:2026-03-23 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-06-25
Contact: GUAN Zhiyong

Abstract

Abstract:

Unified cultivation experiments were conducted using the cut chrysanthemum cultivar‘Nannong Xiaojinxing’in soils with different continuous cropping histories：facility soils continuously cropped for 6 years，7 years，and 16 years，as well as a native saline soil that had been continuously cropped for 6 years（referred to as native saline soil）. Morphological indices and photosynthetic parameters of the plants were measured after budding. Multivariate linear regression and path analysis were employed to explore the effects of soil physicochemical indicators on the growth and appearance quality of cut chrysanthemums，as well as the interrelationships among these soil properties. The results showed that soil cation exchange capacity（CEC），catalase activity had positive effects on the growth and photosynthesis of cut chrysanthemums，while soil electrical conductivity（EC）and excessive available zinc content exerted inhibitory effects. The variation range of EC values across soil samples（ranging from 1.7-fold to 15-fold）was much greater than that of available zinc content（less than twofold），indicating that in the tested salinized soils，the inhibition of growth and photosynthesis in cut chrysanthemums was primarily attributable to excessively high soil EC values. Aboveground fresh weight，plant height，stem diameter，leaf SPAD value，net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate of chrysanthemums all decreased with increasing soil EC，whereas intercellular CO₂ concentration increased with increasing EC. Soil EC showed a highly significant negative correlation with soil urease activity and cation exchange capacity. In conclusion，excessive salt accumulation is the primary factor inhibiting growth and reducing quality in continuously cropped soils for cut chrysanthemums. This leads to restricted root growth and photosynthesis，resulting in poorer aboveground growth. The inhibitory effect on cut chrysanthemums intensifies，and the deterioration of cut flower quality becomes more pronounced with increasing salinity.

Key words: chrysanthemum, cut flower, soil degradation, salinization, continuous cropping in facilities, cut flower quality

LIU Huahao, CHEN Jiaying, YU Lizhen, QI Qimo, ZHAO Shuang, FANG Weimin, CHEN Fadi, GUAN Zhiyong. Effects of Continuous Cropping on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Facility-Grown Cut Chrysanthemums[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(6): 1737-1752.

Figures/Tables 14

References 40

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土样编码 Soil code	采集地点 Collection site	投入使用年份 Year to put into use	地理坐标 Geographical coordinates
LZ-6	淮安市洪泽白马湖曹圩村（洪泽）Hongze，Huai’an City	2016	119°13′43′′E，33°26′94′′N
LZ-7	南京市六合区龙池（龙池）Longchi，Nanjing City	2015	118°73′01′′E，32°31′17′′N
YS + LZ-6	盐城市射阳县洋马镇贺东村（射阳）Sheyang，Yancheng City	2016	120°33′28′′E，33°77′22′′N
LZ-16	南京市江宁区汤山锁石村（锁石）Suoshi，Nanjing City	2006	118°98′25′′E，32°07′34′′N

土样编码 Soil code	采集地点 Collection site	投入使用年份 Year to put into use	地理坐标 Geographical coordinates
LZ-6	淮安市洪泽白马湖曹圩村（洪泽）Hongze，Huai’an City	2016	119°13′43′′E，33°26′94′′N
LZ-7	南京市六合区龙池（龙池）Longchi，Nanjing City	2015	118°73′01′′E，32°31′17′′N
YS + LZ-6	盐城市射阳县洋马镇贺东村（射阳）Sheyang，Yancheng City	2016	120°33′28′′E，33°77′22′′N
LZ-16	南京市江宁区汤山锁石村（锁石）Suoshi，Nanjing City	2006	118°98′25′′E，32°07′34′′N

土壤样品 Soil code	物理性质Physical properties		化学性质Chemical Properties
土壤样品 Soil code	土壤容重/（g · cm^-3）SBD	田间持水量/（g · kg^-1）FC	pH	EC/（μS · cm^-1）	CEC/（cmol · kg^-1）
LZ-6	0.80 ± 0.16 a	364.70 ± 82.40 a	7.22 ± 0.05 a	318.00 ± 29.00 d	19.37 ± 0.15 a
LZ-7	0.84 ± 0.07 a	327.71 ± 60.97 a	6.05 ± 0.06 d	993.33 ± 72.76 c	15.47 ± 0.40 b
YS + LZ-6	0.73 ± 0.10 a	354.56 ± 51.83 a	6.77 ± 0.07 b	1 792.33 ± 363.09 b	11.33 ± 0.21 c
LZ-16	0.79 ± 0.06 a	341.61 ± 57.17 a	6.46 ± 0.13 c	4 730.00 ± 775.05 a	9.50 ± 0.17 d

土壤样品 Soil code	物理性质Physical properties		化学性质Chemical Properties
土壤样品 Soil code	土壤容重/（g · cm^-3）SBD	田间持水量/（g · kg^-1）FC	pH	EC/（μS · cm^-1）	CEC/（cmol · kg^-1）
LZ-6	0.80 ± 0.16 a	364.70 ± 82.40 a	7.22 ± 0.05 a	318.00 ± 29.00 d	19.37 ± 0.15 a
LZ-7	0.84 ± 0.07 a	327.71 ± 60.97 a	6.05 ± 0.06 d	993.33 ± 72.76 c	15.47 ± 0.40 b
YS + LZ-6	0.73 ± 0.10 a	354.56 ± 51.83 a	6.77 ± 0.07 b	1 792.33 ± 363.09 b	11.33 ± 0.21 c
LZ-16	0.79 ± 0.06 a	341.61 ± 57.17 a	6.46 ± 0.13 c	4 730.00 ± 775.05 a	9.50 ± 0.17 d

土壤采集地 Soil collection site	土壤有机质/ （g · kg^-1）SOM	铵态氮/（μg · kg^-1）NH₄⁺-N	有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） AP	有效钾/（mg · kg^-1） AK	有效铁/（mg · kg^-1） AFe	有效锌/（mg · kg^-1） AZn	有效铜/（mg · kg^-1） ACu
LZ-6	45.69 ± 0.51 b	129.38 ± 0.94 a	4.86 ± 0.01 a	70.00 ± 5.20 b	0.37 ± 0.01 c	0.24 ± 0.00 d	0.04 ± 0.00 c
LZ-7	12.16 ± 0.40 d	51.31 ± 0.26 c	2.87 ± 0.04 b	40.00 ± 4.00 c	0.49 ± 0.01 b	0.25 ± 0.01 c	0.06 ± 0.00 b
YS + LZ-6	50.27 ± 0.46 a	60.93 ± 0.19 b	4.77 ± 0.06 a	80.00 ± 2.00 b	0.86 ± 0.00 a	0.41 ± 0.00 b	0.13 ± 0.00 a
LZ-16	25.54 ± 0.64 c	57.65 ± 0.10 c	1.90 ± 0.01 c	140.00 ± 14.00 a	0.17 ± 0.00 d	0.45 ± 0.00 a	0.03 ± 0.00 d

Effects of Continuous Cropping on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Facility-Grown Cut Chrysanthemums

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土壤样品 Soil code	过氧化氢酶/（U · g^-1） Catalase	蔗糖酶/（U · g^-1） Saccharase	脲酶/（U · g^-1） Urease	酸性磷酸酶/（U · g^-1） Acid phosphatase
LZ-6	18.74 ± 2.61 a	3.98 ± 0.72 b	156.14 ± 17.36 a	19.84 ± 0.87 a
LZ-7	15.87 ± 3.17 a	209.81 ± 3.32 a	79.99 ± 4.66 c	11.01 ± 1.29 b
YS + LZ-6	11.77 ± 0.15 b	42.75 ± 8.62 b	108.83 ± 6.31 b	17.50 ± 1.11 a
LZ-16	2.76 ± 1.09 c	27.70 ± 1.47 b	89.88 ± 2.82 c	22.71 ± 1.00 a

土壤样品 Soil code	根鲜质量/g Fresh root weight	总根长/cm Root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface area	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根平均直径/mm Root mean diameter	根尖数 Number of root tips
LZ-6	1.87 ± 0.69 a	411.26 ± 71.74 a	86.28 ± 10.75 a	1.45 ± 0.16 a	0.67 ± 0.05 a	1357.67 ± 361.32 a
LZ-7	0.95 ± 0.29 b	289.30 ± 103.52 b	49.08 ± 16.03 b	0.66 ± 0.20 b	0.54 ± 0.02 d	866.00 ± 146.03 b
YS + LZ-6	0.57 ± 0.09 d	170.52 ± 59.31 d	32.60 ± 6.17 d	0.51 ± 0.06 c	0.64 ± 0.12 b	384.67 ± 75.50 c
LZ-16	0.69 ± 0.23 c	181.36 ± 30.03 c	36.86 ± 9.53 c	0.46 ± 0.07 d	0.56 ± 0.08 c	557.67 ± 44.66 bc

土壤样品 Soil code	地上部鲜质量/g Aboveground biomass	株高/cm plant height	茎粗/mm	叶片数 Leaf number	侧枝数 Number of lateral branches	花蕾数 Bud number	嫩叶SPAD值 Young leaf SPAD value	功能叶SPAD值 Functional leaf SPAD values
LZ-6	36.21 ± 1.38 a	63.60 ± 1.06 a	4.68 ± 0.26 a	21.67 ± 1.53 b	11.33 ± 0.58 a	20.67 ± 2.08 b	51.24 ± 1.95 a	57.50 ± 10.31 a
LZ-7	30.12 ± 1.91 b	57.93 ± 2.45 b	4.57 ± 0.39 b	24.00 ± 1.73 a	11.67 ± 0.58 a	24.00 ± 1.73 a	49.76 ± 11.86 a	53.55 ± 6.77 b
YS + LZ-6	16.46 ± 1.37 c	31.77 ± 1.54 c	3.98 ± 0.32 c	16.00 ± 2.65 c	10.67 ± 2.89 b	19.00 ± 5.57 c	37.22 ± 2.34 b	45.46 ± 5.60 c
LZ-16	4.77 ± 0.30 d	13.90 ± 2.51 d	3.10 ± 0.32 d	5.33 ± 0.58 d	2.00 ± 3.46 c	3.33 ± 3.21 d	12.31 ± 2.83 c	22.41 ± 4.69 d

土壤样品 Soil code	净光合速率/（μmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Net photosynthetic rate	气孔导度/（μmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Stomatal conductance	胞间CO₂浓度/（μmol · m^-2） Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration	蒸腾速率/（μmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Transpiration rate
LZ-6	12.26 ± 1.56 a	0.08 ± 0.03 a	132.40 ± 50.82 c	1.92 ± 0.56 a
LZ-7	9.31 ± 0.85 b	0.06 ± 0.01 b	123.27 ± 43.41 c	1.37 ± 0.33 b
YS + LZ-6	2.82 ± 0.04 c	0.02 ± 0.01 c	202.44 ± 2.07 b	0.72 ± 0.01 c
LZ-16	0.55 ± 0.06 d	0.01 ± 0.00 d	279.27 ± 10.48 a	0.20 ± 0.00 d

土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties	地上部指标 Above ground indicators	地下部指标 Underground indicators	光合指标 Photosynthesis indices
酸碱度 pH	0.824	0.935	0.479
EC值 Electrical Conductivity	0.991^**	0.888	0.981^**
阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity	0.991^**	0.994^**	0.984^**
有机质含量 Organic matter content	0.803	0.867^*	0.568
铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content	0.905	0.971	0.743
有效磷含量 Effective phosphorus content	0.887	0.840	0.815
有效钾含量 Effective potassium content	0.973	0.886	0.910^**
有效铁含量 Effective iron content	0.969	0.777	0.961^**
有效锌含量 Effective Zinc content	0.994^**	0.994^**	0.989^**
有效铜含量 Effective copper content	0.972	0.805	0.958^**
过氧化氢酶含量 Catalase activity	0.982^*	0.927	0.956^**
脲酶活性 Urease activity	0.905	0.966^*	0.649

通径 Path	R²	β	p值 p-Value	95%置信区间 95% Confidence interval
EC → 株高 EC → Plant height	0.858	-0.927	< 0.001	[-1.324，-0.765]
EC → 茎粗 EC → Stem diameter	0.816	-0.903	< 0.001	[-1.114，-0.704]
EC → 叶片数 EC → Number of leaves	0.827	-0.909	< 0.001	[-1.184，-0.735]
EC → 侧枝数 EC → Number of lateral branches	0.825	-0.909	< 0.001	[-1.119，-0.462]
EC → 花蕾数 EC → Number of flower buds	0.781	-0.884	< 0.001	[-1.103，-0.579]
EC → 嫩叶SPAD EC → SPAD value of young leaves	0.884	-0.940	< 0.001	[-1.151，-0.812]
EC → 功能叶SPAD EC → SPAD value of mature leaves	0.870	-0.933	< 0.001	[-1.189，-0.770]
EC → 地上部鲜质量 EC → Aboveground fresh weight	0.861	-0.928	< 0.001	[-1.376，-0.748]
阳离子交换量 → 株高 Cation exchange capacity → Plant height	0.906	0.952	< 0.001	[0.785，1.276]
阳离子交换量 → 茎粗 Cation exchange capacity → Stem diameter	0.668	0.818	< 0.001	[0.515，1.210]
阳离子交换量 → 叶片数 Cation exchange capacity → Number of leaves	0.645	0.803	< 0.001	[0.471，1.289]
阳离子交换量 → 嫩叶SPAD Cation exchange capacity → SPAD value of young leaves	0.665	0.815	< 0.001	[0.516，1.201]
阳离子交换量 → 功能叶SPAD Cation exchange capacity → SPAD value of mature leaves	0.640	0.800	< 0.001	[0.429，1.213]
阳离子交换量 → 地上部鲜质量 Cation exchange capacity → Aboveground fresh weight	0.932	0.966	< 0.001	[0.821，1.182]
有效锌含量 → 株高 Available zinc content → Plant height	0.965	-0.982	< 0.001	[-1.073，-0.851]
有效锌含量 → 茎粗 Available zinc content → Stem diameter	0.729	-0.854	< 0.001	[-1.149，-0.534]
有效锌含量 → 叶片数 Available zinc content → Number of leaves	0.793	-0.890	< 0.001	[-1.111，-0.582]
有效锌含量 → 花蕾数 Available zinc content → Number of flower buds	0.557	-0.746	< 0.001	[-1.071，-0.293]
有效锌含量 → 嫩叶SPAD Available zinc content → SPAD value of young leaves	0.723	-0.85	< 0.001	[-1.128，-0.502]
有效锌含量 → 功能叶SPAD Available zinc content → SPAD value of mature leaves	0.652	-0.808	< 0.001	[-1.140，-0.440]
有效锌含量 → 地上部鲜质量 Available zinc content → Aboveground fresh weight	0.941	-0.970	< 0.001	[-1.089，-0.810]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 株高 Catalase activity → Plant height	0.873	0.934	< 0.001	[0.810，1.129]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 茎粗 Catalase activity → Stem diameter	0.691	0.831	< 0.001	[0.529，1.153]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 叶片数 Catalase activity → Number of leaves	0.787	0.887	< 0.001	[0.598，1.171]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 侧枝数 Catalase activity → Number of lateral branches	0.695	0.834	< 0.001	[0.300，1.183]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 花蕾数 Catalase activity → Number of flower buds	0.711	0.843	< 0.001	[0.422，1.158]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 嫩叶SPAD Catalase activity → SPAD value of young leaves	0.841	0.917	< 0.001	[0.722，1.115]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 功能叶 SPAD Catalase activity → SPAD value of mature leaves	0.894	0.946	< 0.001	[0.729，1.142]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 地上部鲜质量 Catalase activity → Aboveground fresh weight	0.888	0.942	< 0.001	[0.828，1.133]

通径 Path	R²	β	p值 p-Value	95%置信区间 95% CI
阳离子交换量 → 根鲜质量 Cation exchange capacity → Fresh root weight	0.584	0.764	0.002	[0.230，1.183]
阳离子交换量 → 总根长 Cation exchange capacity → Total root length	0.664	0.815	< 0.001	[0.451，1.120]
阳离子交换量 → 根表面积 Cation exchange capacity → Root surface area	0.699	0.836	< 0.001	[0.384，1.124]
阳离子交换量 → 根体积 Cation exchange capacity → Root volume	0.757	0.870	< 0.001	[0.383，1.101]
阳离子交换量 → 根尖数 Cation exchange capacity → Number of root tips	0.722	0.849	< 0.001	[0.457，1.223]
有效锌含量 → 总根长 Available zinc content → Total root length	0.581	-0.762	< 0.001	[-1.144，-0.361]
有效锌含量 → 根表面积 Available zinc content → Root surface area	0.514	-0.717	< 0.001	[-1.119，-0.274]
有效锌含量 → 根体积 Available zinc content → Root volume	0.510	-0.714	< 0.001	[-1.079，-0.234]
有效锌含量 → 根尖数 Available zinc content → Number of root tips	0.605	-0.778	< 0.001	[-1.174，-0.417]
脲酶活性 → 根鲜质量 Urease activity → Fresh root weight	0.602	0.776	0.013	[-0.287，1.032]
脲酶活性 → 根表面积 Urease activity → Root surface area	0.612	0.782	0.002	[-0.147，1.046]
脲酶活性 → 根体积 Urease activity → Root volume	0.752	0.867	< 0.001	[-0.043，1.087]

通径 Path	R²	β	p值 p-Value	95%置信区间 95% CI
EC → 净光合速率 EC → Net photosynthetic rate	0.723	-0.851	< 0.001	[-1.442，-0.610]
EC → 气孔导度 EC → Stomatal conductance	0.592	-0.770	0.004	[-1.427，-0.476]
EC → 胞间CO₂浓度 EC → Intercellular CO₂ concentration	0.744	0.863	< 0.001	[0.657，1.233]
EC → 蒸腾速率 EC → Transpiration rate	0.701	-0.838	< 0.001	[-1.427，-0.573]
阳离子交换量 → 净光合速率 Cation exchange capacity → Net photosynthetic rate	0.954	0.977	< 0.001	[0.838，1.160]
阳离子交换量 → 气孔导度 Cation exchange capacity → Stomatal conductance	0.801	0.895	< 0.001	[0.559，1.249]
阳离子交换量 → 胞间CO₂浓度 Cation exchange capacity → Intercellular CO₂ concentration	0.640	-0.800	< 0.001	[-1.294，-0.459]
阳离子交换量 → 蒸腾速率 Cation exchange capacity → Transpiration rate	0.844	0.919	< 0.001	[0.619，1.203]
有效钾含量 → 气孔导度 Available potassium content → Stomatal conductance	0.524	-0.724	< 0.001	[-1.009，-0.248]
有效钾含量 → 蒸腾速率 Available potassium content → Transpiration rate	0.530	-0.728	< 0.001	[-0.969，-0.238]
有效锌含量 → 净光合速率 Available zinc content → Net photosynthetic rate	0.951	-0.975	< 0.001	[-1.095，-0.845]
有效锌含量 → 气孔导度 Available zinc content → Stomatal conductance	0.761	-0.873	< 0.001	[-1.166，-0.590]
有效锌含量 → 胞间CO₂浓度 Available zinc content → Intercellular CO₂ concentration	0.757	0.870	< 0.001	[0.564，1.176]
有效锌含量 → 蒸腾速率 Available zinc content → Transpiration rate	0.788	-0.888	< 0.001	[-1.157，-0.614]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 净光合速率 Catalase activity → Net photosynthetic rate	0.768	0.876	< 0.001	[0.704，1.155]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 气孔导度 Catalase activity → Stomatal conductance	0.648	0.805	< 0.001	[0.512，1.271]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 胞间CO₂浓度 Catalase activity → Intercellular CO₂ concentration	0.683	-0.826	< 0.001	[-1.145，-0.535]
过氧化氢酶活性 → 蒸腾速率 Catalase activity → Transpiration rate	0.748	0.865	< 0.001	[0.602，1.243]

土壤理化性质Soil physical and chemical properties	相关系数Correlation coefficient	显著性水平Significance level
容重 Unit weight	-0.093	0.774
田间持水量 Field capacity	-0.036	0.911
酸碱度 pH	-0.323	0.306
阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity	-0.847^**	0.001
有机质含量 Organic matter content	-0.229	0.475
铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content	-0.514	0.087
有效磷含量 Effective phosphorus content	-0.723^**	0.008
有效钾含量 Effective potassium content	0.742^**	0.006
有效铁含量 Effective iron content	-0.426	0.168
有效锌含量 Effective Zinc content	0.847^**	0.001
有效铜含量 Effective copper content	-0.254	0.425
脲酶活性 Urease activity	-0.944^**	0.000
酸性磷酸酶活性 Acid phosphatase activity	-0.245	0.442
蔗糖酶活性 Invertase activity	-0.495	0.102
过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity	0.548	0.065

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