Effects of Apple Mosaic Disease on Leaves Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of‘Hirosaki Fuji’Apple

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0123

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 2119-2128.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0123

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Apple Mosaic Disease on Leaves Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of‘Hirosaki Fuji’Apple

LUO Zhangji¹, LI Haojian¹, LI Lianzhen¹, HOU Xiangting¹, DONG Wen¹, SUN Ping¹, XUE Xiaomin², YOU Chunxiang¹^,^*(), ZHANG Zhenlu¹^,^*()

¹ College of Horticultural Science and Engineering， Shandong Agricultural University，Tai’an， Shandong 271018， China
² Shandong Institute of Pomology， Tai’an， Shandong 271000， China

Received:2026-03-18 Revised:2026-06-02 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-07-23
Contact: YOU Chunxiang, ZHANG Zhenlu

Abstract

Abstract:

In a seven-year-old‘Hirosaki Fuji’apple orchard，apple trees without mosaic symptoms（control）and those with obvious mosaic symptoms were selected to investigate the effects of apple mosaic disease（AMD）on leaf photosynthetic efficiency and key quality during fruit growth and development. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate（P_n）of leaves exhibiting mosaic symptoms was significantly reduced compared with that of asymptomatic control leaves，accompanied by a significant increase in intercellular CO₂ concentration（C_i）. From 40 to 200 days after full bloom，measurements were taken every 30 days for indicators including single fruit mass，fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters，peel and flesh firmness，peel color difference and glossiness，soluble solids content，and titratable acidity. The occurrence of mosaic disease significantly inhibited the increase in single fruit mass and the expansion of fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters，accelerated the decline in peel firmness，and suppressed the degradation of titratable acidity，resulting in a reduced solid-to-acid ratio. However，no significant differences were observed between the diseased and control fruits in terms of soluble solids content，peel color difference，or glossiness.

Key words: apple, apple mosaic disease, apple necrotic mosaic virus, photosynthesis, fruit quality

LUO Zhangji, LI Haojian, LI Lianzhen, HOU Xiangting, DONG Wen, SUN Ping, XUE Xiaomin, YOU Chunxiang, ZHANG Zhenlu. Effects of Apple Mosaic Disease on Leaves Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of‘Hirosaki Fuji’Apple[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(7): 2119-2128.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Primer sequences and reaction conditions for virus detection

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	目标片段/bp Product size	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature
ApNMV-F ApNMV-R	ATGGTGTGCAATCGCTGTCA CATCGACCATAAGGATATCA	560	58
ACLSV-F ACLSV-R	TCTGCAAGAGAATTTCAGTT GTCTACAGGCTATTTATTATAAG	802	48
ASGV-F ASGV-R	CCCGCTGTTGGATTTGATACACCTC CTGCAAGACCGCGACCAAGTTT	488	58

Fig. 1 PCR amplification of ApNMV in‘Hirosaki Fuji’apple plants M：DNA marker DL2000；P：Positive control；H2O：Blank control；2，4，6：Samples with mosaic disease；1，3，5：Samples without mosaic symptoms. The same below

Fig. 2 PCR amplification of ACLSV in‘Hirosaki Fuji’apple plants

Fig. 3 PCR amplification of ASGV in‘Hirosaki Fuji’apple plants

Fig. 4 Effect of mosaic disease infection on leaf photosynthesis CK：Asymptomatic control samples；AMD：Mosaic disease samples. Tukey，P < 0.05. The same below

Fig. 5 Effects of mosaic disease on single fruit weight，longitudinal and transverse diameters，fruit shape index，and fruit comparison of‘Hirosaki Fuji’apples during fruit development The fruit bags are removed at 180 days after full bloom. The same below

Fig. 6 Effects of mosaic disease on color difference and fruit shine（different measurement angle）of‘Hirosaki Fuji’apples

Fig. 7 Effects of mosaic disease on peel/pulp firmness，soluble solids，titratable acidity，and TSS/TA ratio in‘Hirosaki Fuji’apples during development

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Effects of Apple Mosaic Disease on Leaves Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of‘Hirosaki Fuji’Apple

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