The Effects of Different Compost Ratios on the Quality and Secondary Metabolism of Tomato in Protected Cultivation

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0441

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (9): 2752-2768.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0441

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

The Effects of Different Compost Ratios on the Quality and Secondary Metabolism of Tomato in Protected Cultivation

SHANG Xingpan¹, NIU Yu¹, BAI Peng¹, HE Yongmei¹, FENG Junfang¹, WANG Junwen¹, CHEN Jiaqi¹, TANG Zhongqi¹, LÜ Jian¹, XIAO Xuemei¹, WU Yue¹^,^*(), YU Jihua¹^,²

¹ College of Horticulture， Gansu Agricultural University， Lanzhou 730070， China
² State Key Laboratory of Crop Science in Arid Habitats， Lanzhou 730070， China

Received:2026-05-25 Revised:2026-07-14 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-09-20
Contact: WU Yue

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different proportions of biogas residue application on the nutritional quality and secondary metabolism of tomato fruits in solar greenhouses，tomato cultivar‘184’ was used as the experimental material. Four treatments were set up：balanced fertilization as the control（CK），and substrate and biogas residue mixed at ratios of 3︰1，4︰1 and 5︰1. Appearance，flavor，nutritional quality，and secondary metabolic indicators of tomatoes were measured. Results showed that under the substrate-to-biogas residue volume ratio of 4︰1，the soluble solids，soluble protein，vitamin C，and soluble sugar contents，as well as the sugar-acid ratio of first-harvest fruits significantly increased. Lycopene，phytoene，and β-carotene contents were significantly enhanced by 36.18%，656.07%，and 34.53% compared to the control，respectively. Fructose，glucose，and sucrose contents increased significantly by 18.8%，110.9%，and 74.8%，respectively. Organic acid components such as citric acid，tartaric acid，and malic acid decreased，while sweet-，umami-，neutral-，and bitter-tasting amino acids increased. Mineral element contents（N，P，K，Mg，Fe，Zn，and Cu）also increased，whereas nitrate and organic acid contents decreased significantly by 55.36% and 18.18%，respectively. For second-harvest fruits，soluble solids，soluble protein，vitamin C，soluble sugars，and the sugar-acid ratio were significantly improved. Lycopene，phytoene，and β-carotene contents increased by 73.16%，132.91%，and 51.54% compared to the control，respectively. Fructose，glucose，and sucrose contents increased significantly by 106.9%，81.1%，and 69.2%，respectively. Citric acid，tartaric acid，and malic acid levels declined，while sweet-，umami-，neutral-，and bitter-tasting amino acids increased. Mineral elements（N，P，K，Mg，Fe，Zn，and Cu）were elevated，and nitrate and organic acid contents decreased significantly by 59.88% and 52.94%，respectively. In summary，applying biogas residue at a substrate-to-residue volume ratio of 4︰1 significantly enhances the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of greenhouse-grown tomatoes.

Key words: tomato, biogas residue, nutritional quality, carotenoid components, amino acid components

CLC Number:

S641.2

SHANG Xingpan, NIU Yu, BAI Peng, HE Yongmei, FENG Junfang, WANG Junwen, CHEN Jiaqi, TANG Zhongqi, LÜ Jian, XIAO Xuemei, WU Yue, YU Jihua. The Effects of Different Compost Ratios on the Quality and Secondary Metabolism of Tomato in Protected Cultivation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2752-2768.

Figures/Tables 9

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基质︰沼渣 Substrate︰Biogas residue	沼渣施用量/（kg · hm^-2） Total	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） EC	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total N	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total P	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total K
CK	0	2.39	0.67	4.71	5.38
3︰1	4 121.11	4.74	0.72	6.17	7.97
4︰1	3 296.89	3.12	0.71	5.34	7.23
5︰1	2 637.29	2.72	0.80	6.11	7.20

基质︰沼渣 Substrate︰Biogas residue	沼渣施用量/（kg · hm^-2） Total	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） EC	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total N	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total P	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total K
CK	0	2.39	0.67	4.71	5.38
3︰1	4 121.11	4.74	0.72	6.17	7.97
4︰1	3 296.89	3.12	0.71	5.34	7.23
5︰1	2 637.29	2.72	0.80	6.11	7.20

茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	N/（g · kg^-1）	P/（g · kg^-1）	K/（g · kg^-1）	Ca/（g · kg^-1）	Mg/（g · kg^-1）
第一茬 1st crop	CK	1.49 ± 0.02 a	1.93 ± 0.24 c	23.35 ± 0.02 d	0.390 ± 0.004 a	1.08 ± 0.01 d
	3︰1	1.63 ± 0.02 a	5.30 ± 0.22 a	34.78 ± 0.06 b	0.330 ± 0.003 b	1.41 ± 0.11 c
	4︰1	1.61 ± 0.19 a	5.22 ± 0.45 a	39.09 ± 0.29 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.18 ± 0.04 a
	5︰1	1.18 ± 0.02 b	3.82 ± 0.10 b	25.91 ± 0.08 c	0.310 ± 0.001 c	1.71 ± 0.07 b
第二茬 2nd crop	CK	1.96 ± 0.02 b	2.08 ± 1.12 c	21.34 ± 0.13 d	0.400 ± 0.0003 a	1.02 ± 0.01 c
	3︰1	1.94 ± 0.04 b	5.35 ± 0.31 a	32.22 ± 1.06 b	0.330 ± 0.002 b	1.58 ± 0.02 b
	4︰1	2.09 ± 0.04 a	5.35 ± 0.20 a	39.94 ± 0.16 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.38 ± 0.02 a
	5︰1	1.92 ± 0.01 b	4.03 ± 0.21 b	26.11 ± 0.07 c	0.310 ± 0.0004 c	1.57 ± 0.23 b
茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	Fe/（mg · kg^-1）	Cu/（mg · kg^-1）	Mn/（mg · kg^-1）	Zn/（mg · kg^-1）
第一茬	CK	23.20 ± 0.62 c	1.23 ± 0.02 c	3.79 ± 0.13 a	10.54 ± 0.15 d
1st crop	3︰1	25.71 ± 0.51 b	1.49 ± 0.03 b	3.22 ± 0.02 b	12.26 ± 0.06 b
	4︰1	32.13 ± 0.65 a	1.67 ± 0.08 a	3.13 ± 0.04 b	13.10 ± 0.06 a
	5︰1	26.25 ± 0.36 b	1.20 ± 0.03 c	3.62 ± 0.02 a	11.79 ± 0.06 c
第二茬	CK	21.04 ± 0.28 c	1.08 ± 0.03 d	3.88 ± 0.03 a	10.44 ± 0.12 d
2nd crop	3︰1	26.90 ± 0.12 b	1.60 ± 0.01 b	3.18 ± 0.03 c	12.71 ± 0.07 b
	4︰1	33.82 ± 0.24 a	1.81 ± 0.02 a	3.17 ± 0.03 c	13.25 ± 0.08 a
	5︰1	26.55 ± 0.07 b	1.19 ± 0.01 c	3.57 ± 0.02 b	12.04 ± 0.06 c

茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	N/（g · kg^-1）	P/（g · kg^-1）	K/（g · kg^-1）	Ca/（g · kg^-1）	Mg/（g · kg^-1）
第一茬 1st crop	CK	1.49 ± 0.02 a	1.93 ± 0.24 c	23.35 ± 0.02 d	0.390 ± 0.004 a	1.08 ± 0.01 d
	3︰1	1.63 ± 0.02 a	5.30 ± 0.22 a	34.78 ± 0.06 b	0.330 ± 0.003 b	1.41 ± 0.11 c
	4︰1	1.61 ± 0.19 a	5.22 ± 0.45 a	39.09 ± 0.29 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.18 ± 0.04 a
	5︰1	1.18 ± 0.02 b	3.82 ± 0.10 b	25.91 ± 0.08 c	0.310 ± 0.001 c	1.71 ± 0.07 b
第二茬 2nd crop	CK	1.96 ± 0.02 b	2.08 ± 1.12 c	21.34 ± 0.13 d	0.400 ± 0.0003 a	1.02 ± 0.01 c
	3︰1	1.94 ± 0.04 b	5.35 ± 0.31 a	32.22 ± 1.06 b	0.330 ± 0.002 b	1.58 ± 0.02 b
	4︰1	2.09 ± 0.04 a	5.35 ± 0.20 a	39.94 ± 0.16 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.38 ± 0.02 a
	5︰1	1.92 ± 0.01 b	4.03 ± 0.21 b	26.11 ± 0.07 c	0.310 ± 0.0004 c	1.57 ± 0.23 b
茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	Fe/（mg · kg^-1）	Cu/（mg · kg^-1）	Mn/（mg · kg^-1）	Zn/（mg · kg^-1）
第一茬	CK	23.20 ± 0.62 c	1.23 ± 0.02 c	3.79 ± 0.13 a	10.54 ± 0.15 d
1st crop	3︰1	25.71 ± 0.51 b	1.49 ± 0.03 b	3.22 ± 0.02 b	12.26 ± 0.06 b
	4︰1	32.13 ± 0.65 a	1.67 ± 0.08 a	3.13 ± 0.04 b	13.10 ± 0.06 a
	5︰1	26.25 ± 0.36 b	1.20 ± 0.03 c	3.62 ± 0.02 a	11.79 ± 0.06 c
第二茬	CK	21.04 ± 0.28 c	1.08 ± 0.03 d	3.88 ± 0.03 a	10.44 ± 0.12 d
2nd crop	3︰1	26.90 ± 0.12 b	1.60 ± 0.01 b	3.18 ± 0.03 c	12.71 ± 0.07 b
	4︰1	33.82 ± 0.24 a	1.81 ± 0.02 a	3.17 ± 0.03 c	13.25 ± 0.08 a
	5︰1	26.55 ± 0.07 b	1.19 ± 0.01 c	3.57 ± 0.02 b	12.04 ± 0.06 c

The Effects of Different Compost Ratios on the Quality and Secondary Metabolism of Tomato in Protected Cultivation

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