观赏植物花色相关的类胡萝卜素组成及代谢调控研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0623

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

类胡萝卜素是一类重要显色化合物,在花色形成中起重要作用,是赋予植物呈现黄色到红色的物质基础之一,其中α-胡萝卜素（α-carotene）、β-胡萝卜素（β-carotene）以及叶黄素类（Xanthophylls）等呈黄色,番茄红素（Lycopene）、虾青素（Astaxanthin）和辣椒红素（Capsanthin）等呈红色。近年来观赏植物花色相关类胡萝卜素的研究较多,本文就类胡萝卜素对花色呈现的影响,类胡萝卜素生物合成与降解途径及相关基因功能,类胡萝卜素代谢转录、表观遗传等分子调控3个方面来概述有关观赏植物类胡萝卜素组成及代谢调控的最新研究进展,为进一步研究植物花色提供参考。

关键词: 观赏植物, 花色, 类胡萝卜素, 代谢, 调控

Abstract:

Carotenoids are an essential pigment that plays a critical role in floral color formation. Carotenoids are responsible for giving color to the flowers ranging from yellow to red. In carotenoids,α-carotene,β-carotene,and xanthophylls provide yellow color,while lycopene,astaxanthin,and capsanthin give red color to the flowers. In recent years,there are many studies on carotenoids related to floral color. In this paper,the latest research progress on the composition and metabolic regulation of carotenoids in ornamental plants was summarized from three aspects including effects of carotenoids on color,carotenoid biosynthetic and degradation pathway as well as the function of related genes and metabolic regulation of carotenoids,such as transcriptional regulation,epigenetic regulation and so on. Our study will provide a reference for the further study of floral color.

Key words: ornamental plant, floral color, carotenoids, metabolism, regulation

中图分类号:

何静娟, 范燕萍. 观赏植物花色相关的类胡萝卜素组成及代谢调控研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 1162-1172.

HE Jingjuan, FAN Yanping. Progress in Composition and Metabolic Regulation of Carotenoids Related to Floral Color[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(5): 1162-1172.

图/表 2

图1 观赏植物中主要类胡萝卜素的结构 A：番茄红素;B：八氢番茄红素;C：α-类胡萝卜素;D：β-类胡萝卜素;E：叶黄素;F：紫黄质;G：玉米黄质;H：新黄质;I：虾青素;J：辣椒红素。

Fig. 1 Structure of major carotenoids in ornamental plants A：Lycopene;B：Phytoene;C：α-Carotene;D：β-Carotene;E：Lutein;F：Violaxanthin;G：Zeaxanthin;H：Neoxanthin;I：Astaxanthin;J：Capsanthin.

图2 类胡萝卜素生物合成途径及代谢调控 IPP：异戊烯焦磷酸;DMAPP：二甲基烯丙基焦磷酸;GGPPS：牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶合酶;PSY：八氢番茄红素合酶;PDS：八氢番茄红素去饱和酶;Z-ISO：15-顺式-ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶;ZDS：ζ-胡萝卜素去饱和酶;CRTISO：胡萝卜素异构酶;LCYE：番茄红素ɛ-环化酶;LCYB：番茄红素β-环化酶;BCH：β-胡萝卜素羟化酶;ECH：ε-胡萝卜素羟化酶;VDE：紫黄质深度氧化酶;ZEP：玉米黄质环氧化酶;NXS：新黄质合成酶;CCS：辣椒红素合酶。

Fig. 2 Biosynthesis Route and Metabolic Regulation of the carotenoids IPP：Isopenteny diphosphate;DMAPP：Dimethylallyl diphosphate;GGPPS：Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase;PSY：Phytoene synthase;PDS：Phytoene desaturase;Z-ISO：15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase;ZDS：ζ-Carotene desaturase;CRTISO：Carotenoid isomerase;LCYE：Lycopene ε-cyclase;LCYB：Lycopene β-cyclase;BCH：β-hydroxylase;ECH：ɛ-hydroxylase;VDE：violaxanthin de-epoxidase;ZEP：Zeaxanthin epoxidase;NXS：Neoxanthin synthase;CCS：Capsanthin/Capsorubin synthase.

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