关键词: 设施番茄, 叶果量调控, 产量, 果实品质

Abstract:

The effects of different numbers of leaves and fruit on plant growth,leaf photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality and yield were studied in the cultivation of coconut husk in autumn and winter of tomato in greenhouse of North China,so as to obtain the optimal amount of functional leaves and fruit,which will provide a theoretical basis for improving the simplified technology of facility tomato production. A variety of large-fruit tomato named‘Fenkang 1’was used as the test material,seven ears of fruit were reserved for topping. Six treatments were set up,including 7,9 and 11 fully developed functional leaves from top to bottom with 3 fruit per ear（21 fruit in total）or 4 fruit per ear（28 fruit in total）. The photosynthesis and respiration of leaves in different canopy,development of leaves and fruit,quality and yield were analyzed. The results showed that,there were no significant differences in plant height and stem diameter after topping. The net photosynthetic rate（P_n）,light saturation point（LSP）,CO₂ saturation point（CSP）,apparent quantum efficiency（AQE）and carboxylation efficiency（CE）of the middle canopy leaves of 9-leaf with 21 fruit and 9-leaf with 28 fruit treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments,while the dark respiration rate（R_d）is lower. The above parameters and chlorophyll content of the bottom canopy leaves were better for 7-leaf with 21 fruit and 7-leaf with 28 fruit treatments. The yields of single plant and single trough of 9-leaf with 28 fruit treatment were significantly higher than other treatments,besides,the fruit sugar-acid ratio was stable and optimal. To conclude,in the facility tomato production in North China,after reserved 7 ears fruit for topping,retaining 9 functional leaves and 4 fruit on each ear is the best way to regulate the amount of leaves and fruits. This technology can effectively improve population structure,facilitate the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments,and effectively enhance the leaf photosynthesis,so as to improve the yield and maintain good quality of tomato.

Key words: facility tomato, leaf and fruit quantity regulation, yield, fruit quality