露地、温室、温室遮阳下紫花和白花香青兰生长及次生代谢物比较

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-1057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以紫花和白花香青兰（Dracocephalum moldavica）为试验材料,比较了露地、温室、温室遮阳栽培条件下其生长特性及次生代谢物的含量。结果表明,在3种栽培条件下,香青兰植株的株高、节间长、叶面积、比叶面积依次显著增加;叶片、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度、气孔指数和密度都显著降低,栅/海显著升高。紫花香青兰叶面积增大量显著高于白花香青兰,叶片、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度、气孔密度降低幅度显著低于白花香青兰。露地条件下,紫花香青兰叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷含量都显著高于白花香青兰,总黄酮含量显著低于白花香青兰。温室条件下,紫花香青兰茎表皮的花色素苷含量较露地条件下显著降低,白花香青兰的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素显著降低。二者叶片中的花色素苷含量都显著升高。在温室遮阳条件下,两种香青兰的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、叶片花色素苷含量较温室条件下显著升高。白花香青兰的花中几乎不含花色素苷,不受栽培条件影响。香青兰鲜样中的主要挥发性成分有橙花醇、香叶醇、橙花醛、香叶醛,其中白花香青兰的橙花醛、香叶醛相对含量高于紫花香青兰。两种香青兰的粗提精油得率为0.25% ~ 0.27%,两者无显著差异。

关键词: 香青兰, 紫花和白花, 解剖结构, 花色素苷, 总黄酮, 挥发性成分

Abstract:

Dracocephalum moldavica is an annual herb of Labiatae,which is used for Mongolian and Uyghur medicine in China. The growth characteristics and the secondary metabolites content of purple and white flower D. moldavica under three cultivation conditions of field,greenhouse and greenhouse shading were compared. The results showed that the plant height,internode length,leaf area and specific leaf area increased significantly under the three cultivation conditions; Leaf,palisade tissue（P）and sponge tissue（S）thickness,stomatal index and stomatal density decreased significantly,and P/S increased significantly. The increase of leaf area of purple flower D. moldavica was significantly higher than that of white D. moldavica,and the decrease of leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness and stomatal density were lower than that of white D. moldavica. Under field conditions,the contents of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in purple flower D. moldavica were significantly higher than that in the white one,and the content of total flavonoids was significantly lower than that in the white one. Under greenhouse conditions,the anthocyanin content of stem epidermis of purple flower D. moldavica was significantly lower than that under open ground conditions,and the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of white flower D. moldavica were significantly lower. The anthocyanin content in leaves increased significantly. Under greenhouse shading conditions,the contents of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in the leaves of the purple and white flower D. moldavica were significantly higher than those in the greenhouse. Anthocyanins are almost free in the white flower D. moldavica,which is not affected by cultivation conditions. The main volatile components in the fresh samples are nerol,geraniol,nerolaldehyde and geraniol. The relative contents of nerolaldehyde and geraniol in white flower D. moldavica are higher than those in purple flower one. The yield of crude essential oil from the purple and white flower D. moldavica was 0.25%-0.27%,and there was no significant difference between them.

Key words: Dracocephalum moldavica, purple and white flower, anatomical structure, anthocyanin, total flavonoid, volatile component

中图分类号:

S567

李晓明, 于俊池, 王春夏. 露地、温室、温室遮阳下紫花和白花香青兰生长及次生代谢物比较[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(6): 1363-1370.

LI Xiaoming, YU Junchi, WANG Chunxia. Comparison of Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Purple and White Flower Dracocephalum moldavica Under Field,Greenhouse and Greenhouse Shading Conditions[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(6): 1363-1370.

图/表 9

参考文献 12

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栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	株高/cm Plant height	基茎粗/cm Basal stem diameter	主干节间长/cm Length of main internode	叶面积/cm² Leaf area	比叶面积/（cm² · g^-1） Specific leaf area
露地Field	紫花Purple	54.67 ± 1.52 c	1.20 ± 0.17 a	2.37 ± 0.20 c	4.66 ± 0.40 e	41.23 ± 0.26 c
露地Field	白花White	56.67 ± 1.52 c	1.23 ± 0.15 a	2.26 ± 0.25 c	5.00 ± 1.02 de	40.31 ± 2.51 c
温室Greenhouse	紫花Purple	67.67 ± 2.51 b	1.30 ± 0.20 a	3.43 ± 0.30 b	7.03 ± 0.72 bc	66.26 ± 1.17 b
温室Greenhouse	白花White	66.33 ± 0.57 b	1.37 ± 0.11 a	3.50 ± 0.34 b	6.36 ± 0.51 cd	64.37 ± 1.38 b
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	77.33 ± 2.08 a	1.43 ± 0.11 a	4.30 ± 0.50 a	11.77 ± 1.33 a	79.45 ± 3.24 a
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	76.33 ± 1.02 a	1.33 ± 0.15 a	4.47 ± 0.45 a	8.16 ± 0.87 b	81.73 ± 2.62 a

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	株高/cm Plant height	基茎粗/cm Basal stem diameter	主干节间长/cm Length of main internode	叶面积/cm² Leaf area	比叶面积/（cm² · g^-1） Specific leaf area
露地Field	紫花Purple	54.67 ± 1.52 c	1.20 ± 0.17 a	2.37 ± 0.20 c	4.66 ± 0.40 e	41.23 ± 0.26 c
露地Field	白花White	56.67 ± 1.52 c	1.23 ± 0.15 a	2.26 ± 0.25 c	5.00 ± 1.02 de	40.31 ± 2.51 c
温室Greenhouse	紫花Purple	67.67 ± 2.51 b	1.30 ± 0.20 a	3.43 ± 0.30 b	7.03 ± 0.72 bc	66.26 ± 1.17 b
温室Greenhouse	白花White	66.33 ± 0.57 b	1.37 ± 0.11 a	3.50 ± 0.34 b	6.36 ± 0.51 cd	64.37 ± 1.38 b
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	77.33 ± 2.08 a	1.43 ± 0.11 a	4.30 ± 0.50 a	11.77 ± 1.33 a	79.45 ± 3.24 a
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	76.33 ± 1.02 a	1.33 ± 0.15 a	4.47 ± 0.45 a	8.16 ± 0.87 b	81.73 ± 2.62 a

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	厚度/μm Thickness				保卫细胞/μm Guard cell		气孔 Stomatal
栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	叶片 Leaf	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue（P）	海绵组织 Spongy tissue （S）	P/S	长度 Length	宽度 Width	指数/% Index	密度/ （个 · mm^-2） Density
露地Field	紫花Purple	174.3 ± 6.7 bc	92.7 ± 6.4 ab	63.4 ± 6.3 b	1.48 b	25.8 ± 1.9 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	52.2 ± 4.6 ab	1 788 ± 114 ab
露地Field	白花White	193.8 ± 24.2 a	102.9 ± 16.2 a	73.9 ± 10.6 a	1.40 a	24.7 ± 0.7 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	54.4 ± 4.4 a	1 833 ± 79 a
温室 Greenhouse	紫花Purple	171.8 ± 9.2 bc	95.0 ± 6.9 ab	61.3 ± 6.2 b	1.56 b	23.2 ± 2.4 a	6.0 ± 0.7 a	46.4 ± 3.8 ab	1 537 ± 65 cd
温室 Greenhouse	白花White	179.5 ± 27.1 b	99.5 ± 15.8 a	64.7 ± 13.6 b	1.57 b	23.8 ± 0.4 a	6.4 ± 0.7 a	51.6 ± 6.5 ab	1 707 ± 118 bc
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	156.2 ± 6.1 cd	91.7 ± 4.6 ab	51.7 ± 2.5 c	1.77 a	25.5 ± 1.1 a	6.9 ± 1.1 a	43.6 ± 2.9 b	1 502 ± 98 d
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	146.8 ± 7.9 d	86.0 ± 3.2 b	45.5 ± 5.6 c	1.91 a	23.7 ± 0.4 a	6.3 ± 0.5 a	44.3 ± 5.9 b	1 471 ± 117 d

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	厚度/μm Thickness				保卫细胞/μm Guard cell		气孔 Stomatal
栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	叶片 Leaf	栅栏组织 Palisade tissue（P）	海绵组织 Spongy tissue （S）	P/S	长度 Length	宽度 Width	指数/% Index	密度/ （个 · mm^-2） Density
露地Field	紫花Purple	174.3 ± 6.7 bc	92.7 ± 6.4 ab	63.4 ± 6.3 b	1.48 b	25.8 ± 1.9 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	52.2 ± 4.6 ab	1 788 ± 114 ab
露地Field	白花White	193.8 ± 24.2 a	102.9 ± 16.2 a	73.9 ± 10.6 a	1.40 a	24.7 ± 0.7 a	6.4 ± 0.2 a	54.4 ± 4.4 a	1 833 ± 79 a
温室 Greenhouse	紫花Purple	171.8 ± 9.2 bc	95.0 ± 6.9 ab	61.3 ± 6.2 b	1.56 b	23.2 ± 2.4 a	6.0 ± 0.7 a	46.4 ± 3.8 ab	1 537 ± 65 cd
温室 Greenhouse	白花White	179.5 ± 27.1 b	99.5 ± 15.8 a	64.7 ± 13.6 b	1.57 b	23.8 ± 0.4 a	6.4 ± 0.7 a	51.6 ± 6.5 ab	1 707 ± 118 bc
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花Purple	156.2 ± 6.1 cd	91.7 ± 4.6 ab	51.7 ± 2.5 c	1.77 a	25.5 ± 1.1 a	6.9 ± 1.1 a	43.6 ± 2.9 b	1 502 ± 98 d
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花White	146.8 ± 7.9 d	86.0 ± 3.2 b	45.5 ± 5.6 c	1.91 a	23.7 ± 0.4 a	6.3 ± 0.5 a	44.3 ± 5.9 b	1 471 ± 117 d

栽培方式 Cultivation condition	材料 Material	叶绿素a/ （mg · g^-1） Chlorophyll a	叶绿素b/ （mg · g^-1） Chlorophyll b	叶绿素a + b/ （mg · g^-1） Chl a + b	叶绿素a/b Chl a/b ratio	类胡萝卜素/U Carotenoids
露地Field	紫花 Purple	0.64 ± 0.01 b	0.24 ± 0.00 b	0.87 ± 0.01 b	2.69 a	9.42 ± 0.20 b
露地Field	白花 White	0.46 ± 0.03 c	0.18 ± 0.01 c	0.64 ± 0.04 c	2.52 ab	7.25 ± 0.44 c
温室Greenhouse	紫花 Purple	0.58 ± 0.01 b	0.22 ± 0.01 b	0.80 ± 0.02 b	2.60 ab	8.52 ± 0.30 b
温室Greenhouse	白花 White	0.59 ± 0.02 b	0.25 ± 0.02 b	0.84 ± 0.05 b	2.40 b	8.86 ± 0.40 b
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	紫花 Purple	1.14 ± 0.03 a	0.46 ± 0.01 a	1.59 ± 0.04 a	2.48 b	15.62 ± 0.43 a
温室遮阳 Greenhouse shading	白花 White	1.10 ± 0.09 a	0.44 ± 0.03 a	1.54 ± 0.12 a	2.48 b	15.01 ± 1.39 a