高温渍涝胁迫对姜叶片光合作用和氮代谢的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示姜渍涝灾害夏季较秋季更加严重的生理机制,以‘莱芜小姜’为试材,采用盆栽方式,研究了常温正常供水（对照）、高温正常供水、常温渍涝、高温渍涝处理对叶片光合作用及氮代谢的影响。结果表明,渍涝或高温胁迫导致姜叶片叶绿素降解,净光合速率显著降低,尤以渍涝与高温交互胁迫为甚,高温正常供水、常温渍涝和高温渍涝处理36 h时,P_n分别较对照降低了53.62%、26.41%和87.59%,高温渍涝引发非气孔限制需要12 h,而高温正常供水和常温渍涝则需要24 h。叶片氮代谢相关酶NR、GS、GOGAT和GDH活性均随渍涝或高温胁迫时间延长而显著降低,且交互效应明显;叶片可溶性蛋白含量亦随胁迫时间延长显著降低,降幅以高温渍涝和高温正常供水处理显著大于常温渍涝处理,叶片硝态氮（NO₃^--N）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）和游离氨基酸含量则表现为先升高后降低的趋势,但胁迫60 h时除高温渍涝的NO₃^--N外,其他均显著高于对照。研究结果表明渍涝和高温胁迫显著降低姜叶片光合效率,损伤叶片氮素代谢活性,尤以二者交互效应更显著。

关键词: 姜, 渍涝胁迫, 高温胁迫, 光合作用, 氮代谢

Abstract:

To reveal the physiological mechanism underlying the greater severity of ginger waterlogging in summer than in autumn,the effects of normal water supply at room temperature（the control）,normal water supply at high temperature,waterlogging at room temperature and waterlogging at high temperature on leaf photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism were investigated in pots using‘Laiwu Small Ginger’as the test material. The results showed that chlorophyll degradation and the net photosynthetic rate（P_n）of ginger leaves were significantly reduced by waterlogging or high temperature stress,especially by the interaction of waterlogging and high temperature. P_n was reduced by 53.62%,26.41% and 87.59% compared to the control at 36 h for normal water supply at high temperature,waterlogging at room temperature and waterlogging at high temperature,respectively. Treatment with 12 h of waterlogging at high temperature triggered non-stomatal restriction,while 24 h was required for normal water supply at high temperature and waterlogging at room temperature. The enzymes related to leaf nitrogen metabolism of the activities of NR,GS,GOGAT and GDH decreased significantly with the prolonging of waterlogging or high temperature stress,and the interaction effect was obvious;the soluble proteins content of leaves also decreased significantly with the prolonging of stress,and the decrease was significantly greater in waterlogging at high temperature and normal water supply at high temperature than in waterlogging at room temperature treatment,and the contents of nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^--N）,ammonium nitrogen（NH₄⁺-N）and free amino acids in leaves showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease,but at 60 h of stress,except for NO₃^--N in waterlogging at high temperature,all other treatments were significantly higher than the control. The results showed that waterlogging and high temperature stress significantly reduced photosynthetic efficiency and damaged nitrogen metabolic activity of ginger leaves,especially the interaction effect between waterlogging and high temperature was more significant.

Key words: ginger, Zingiber officinale, waterlogging stress, high temperature stress, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism

中图分类号:

S632.5

刘尚佳, 吕尧, 曹逼力, 陈子敬, 高松, 徐坤. 高温渍涝胁迫对姜叶片光合作用和氮代谢的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 1073-1080.

LIU Shangjia, L& Yao, CAO Bili, CHEN Zijing, GAO Song, XU Kun. Effects of High Temperature and Waterlogging Stress on Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism of Ginger Leaves[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(5): 1073-1080.

图/表 4

图1 高温和渍涝处理对姜叶片叶绿素含量及相对含水量的影响

Fig.1 Effects of high temperature and waterlogging treatments on chlorophyll content and relative water content of ginger leaves P < 0.05.

图2 高温和渍涝处理对姜叶片光合参数影响

Fig.2 Effects of high temperature and waterlogging treatments on photosynthetic parameters in ginger leaves P < 0.05.

图3 高温和渍涝处理对姜叶片NR、GS、GOGAT、GDH活性的影响

Fig.3 Effects of high temperature and waterlogging treatments on the activities of NR,GS,GOGAT,GDH in ginger leaves P < 0.05.

图4 高温和渍涝处理对姜叶片可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、NO3--N、NH4+-N含量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of high temperature and waterlogging treatments on soluble protein,free amino,NO3--N,NH4+-N contents in ginger leaves P < 0.05.

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