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2012, Vol.39, No.3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Fruit Trees

  • Influence of Main-branch-girdling on Berry Coloring and Expression of Some Related Genes in‘Fujiminori’Grapevine 
  • GUO Lei, WANG Tao, YUE Lin-Xu, FANG Jing-Gui, CHEN Ji-Lin, SONG Chang-Nian, LENG Xiang-Peng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 409-416.
  • Abstract ( 1238 ) HTML ( 1481 ) PDF (392KB) ( 1481 )    
  • Trunks of grapevine‘Fujiminori’were girdled for investigation of the influence of girdling on berry coloration and the expression of three important genes which is related to anthocyanin synthesis. The results showed that trunk-girdling could improve the mass fraction of soluble solids in flesh,obviously improve berry coloration,increase the contents of anthocyanin. Girdling treatment could decrease L* and b* values much,and increase the a* and CIRG value. In addition,trunk-girdling obviously regulated the expression of UFGTMYBA1 and MYBA2. The results demonstrated that the expression of MYBA1 and MYBA2 was induced after the first 2 weeks(63 days after flowering)of girdling and the relative expression reached the highest value. Interestingly,the expression of UFGT and the anthocyanin accumulation of fruit peel in a highly similar pattern,and the girdling treatment causes the UFGT gene expression a week in advance.
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  • The Character of MhHSP70 from Malus hupehensis and Its Response to the Stress of Cadmium and Osmosis
  • SHEN Wei, YANG Hong-Qiang, LI Qiang, RAN Kun, JIANG Qian-Qian, SUN Xiao-Li, ZHANG Wei-Wei, SUI Jing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 417-424.
  • Abstract ( 1292 ) HTML ( 1274 ) PDF (837KB) ( 1274 )    
  • The cDNA sequence of HSP70 gene,designated as MhHSP70(GenBank number: HQ876864),was isolated from Malus hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). The full length cDNA sequence was 2 307 bp,encoding a protein of 650 amino acids,which have close relationship with HSP70 from Malus pumila Mill.,Solanum lycopersicum and Nicotiana tabacum. The expression of MhHSP70 was induced by cadmium and osmotic stress in roots and leaves,the level of MhHSP70 expression was enhanced with the increase of NaCl and cadmium concentration,as well as PEG treatment time.
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  • Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of Apple MdGLRs Genes Family
  • LUO Hua, HU Da-Gang, ZHANG Lian-Zhong, HAO Yu-Jin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 425-435.
  • Abstract ( 1658 ) HTML ( 1561 ) PDF (1411KB) ( 1561 )    
  • Secondary structure,transmembrane region,hydrophobicity/ hydrophilicity,subcellular localization and conserved structure domains of MdGLRs proteins were predicted and analyzed with bioinformatics methods,alignment of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis. The expression of MdGLRs genes was analyzed in different vegetative organs with semi-quantitative RT-PCRs. The results showed that MdGLRs family contained 32 genes,which was further divided into 3 sub-families. Most MdGLRs protein contained more than 800 amino acids. They generally had 3 transmembrane regions. The secondary structures of MdGLRs proteins were mainly alpha helix,random coil and extended strand. The prediction of sub-cellular localization showed that MdGLRs proteins were mainly localized in endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Both MdGLRs and AtGLRs proteins contained conserved structure domains. Expression analysis showed that most genes expressed in roots,stems and leaves,with the highest expression level in leaves.
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  • Karyotype Analysis of Six Banana Cultivars in Relation to A Genomes
  • LAO Shi-Hui, SHENG Ou, WEI Yue-Rong, YI Gan-Jun, DENG Fu-Ping
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 436-442.
  • Abstract ( 2084 ) HTML ( 1697 ) PDF (345KB) ( 1697 )    
  • Karyotype analysis was performed to investigate the chromosome features of 6 banana (Musa spp.) cultivars in relation to A genomes by using the method of wall degradation hypotonic. Results showed that the analysed cultivars of diploid or triploid that contained only A genomes,viz. AA or AAA,varied in karyotype characteristics. The karyotype formula and its type were 2n = 3x = 33 = 3M + 27m(3SAT)+ 3sm and“1A”for‘Tianbaojiao’(AAA),2n = 2x = 22 = 2M + 18m(2SAT)+ 2sm and“2A”for’Hainan Gongjiao’(AA),respectively. The karyotype formula for‘Rose’(AA),‘Pisang Mas’(AA),‘Kangku 1’(AAA)and‘Kangku 5’(AAA)were 2n = 2x = 22 = 2M + 16m(SAT)+ 2sm + 2st,2n = 2 x = 22 = 4M + 16m(SAT)+ 2sm,2n = 3x = 33 = 6M + 15m(3SAT)+ 12sm,2n = 3 x = 33 = 6M + 15m(3SAT)+12sm(3SAT),respectively,whereas all these four cultivars exhibited a karyotype asymmetry of type“2B”. The idiogram was established for the analysed banana cultivars.
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  • Cloning of TPI Gene from Embryogenic Callus and Its Expression Analysis During Somatic Embryogenesis in Longan
  • LAI Cheng-Chun, LAI Zhong-Xiong, FANG Zhi-Zhen, LIN Yu-Ling, JIANG Shun-Ri
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 443-452.
  • Abstract ( 1562 ) HTML ( 1565 ) PDF (989KB) ( 1565 )    
  • The complete cDNA sequence of triosephosphate isomerase gene(TPI)of longan embryogenic callus was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). And the mRNA transcription level of this gene was surveyed by real-time reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR)during somatic embryogenesis in longan. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequences of two type longan embryogenic callus TPI were cloned,namely TPIⅠ(GenBank accession number FJ595244)and TPIⅡ(GenBank accession number GU073294). The complete nucleotide sequences of two TPI were 1 084 bp and 1 113 bp respectively. And they all contained a 765-nucleotides-long open reading frame(ORF)which encoded a protein of 254 amino acid residues. The results showed that the mRNA transcription levels of longan TPI were different at the different stages of longan somatic embryogenesis. In conclusion,it was preliminarily revealed that two type TPI genes and their encoded functional proteins may play an important role during the early somatic
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  • Insertion Mutation of Pollen SFB Gene in Self-compatibility of Japanese Apricot Cultivars Native to China
  • WANG Pei-Pei, SHI Ting, GAO Zhi-Hong, ZHANG Zhen, ZHUANG Wei-Bing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 453-460.
  • Abstract ( 1113 ) HTML ( 1261 ) PDF (607KB) ( 1261 )    
  • Japanese apricot(Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc)is a fruit crop with gametophytic self-incompatibility. Some self-compatible varieties appeared during long-term evolution. In this study,a typical self-incompatibility cultivar‘Nanko’and self-compatible cultivar‘Koshinoume’of Japanese apricot were taken as controls. We identified the self-compatibility of two cultivars‘Sichuan Baimei’and ‘Changnong 17’native to China through field self-pollination test,the results demonstrated that the rate of fruiting set were 30.73% and 16.27%,respectively. Further analysis of AS-PCR showed that there were insertion mutation in pollen SFB genes of the two cultivars,which possibly resulted in self-compatibility of these two cultivars.
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  • Effects of Methyl Jasmonate in Combination with Low Temperature Conditioning on Chilling Injury and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Loquat Fruits
  • JIN Peng, Lü Mu-Wen , SUN Cui-Cui, ZHENG Yong-Hua, SUN Ming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 461-468.
  • Abstract ( 1564 ) HTML ( 1499 ) PDF (726KB) ( 1499 )    
  • The effects of a combination of methyl jasmonate treatment and low temperature conditioning on chilling injury and active oxygen metabolism in loquat fruit(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. ‘Jiefangzhong’)during cold storage were investigated. The combined treatment significantly reduced flesh browning index,prevented the increase of flesh firmness and decrease of extractable juice,and inhibited the accumulation of malonaldehyde(MDA)and the increase in membrane permeability. Moreover,the combined treatment maintained high activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(AsA-POD)and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-POD),and kept low levels of superoxide radicals()production rate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)content. These results suggest that a combination of methyl jasmonate and low temperature conditioning treatment may maintain the balance between the formation and detoxification of active oxygen species and delay the lipid peroxidation process,thereby preventing the development of chilling injury and prolonged the storage period and shelf life of cold-stored loquat fruits.
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Vegetables

  • Characterization of the Chinese Cabbage hau Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Line and Sequence Analysis of the Fertility-related Gene
  • SHI Zhan, WAN Zheng-Jie, XU Yue-Jin, LI Xue-Hong, ZOU Rui-Chang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 469-476.
  • Abstract ( 1445 ) HTML ( 1384 ) PDF (415KB) ( 1384 )    
  • The male-sterility of the Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis)line 6w-9605A,a cytoplasmic male-sterile line,was studied in this research. Chromosome squashing revealed that the chromosome numbers in the F1 and BC6 of 6w-9605A were 28 and 20,respectively,and morphologic observation in the BC6 of 6w-9605A showed that the anthers of this line were degenerated and completely abortive. Further,primers were designed based on the conserved sequence of known cytoplasmic male sterility genes in the Brassica species,and a new open reading frame(ORF)of 867 base pairs was amplified from 6w-9605A. Sequence analysis showed that this ORF located downstream from the mitochondrial gene apt6 and was predicted as orf288. Sequence alignment demonstrated that the ORF is different from the sterile genes of pol CMS and ogu CMS,and it may cause the sterility of 6w-9605A.
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  • Pathogen Identification Causing Verticillium Wilt on Chinese Cabbage in Beijing Area
  • HAN Rui-Juan, GENG Li-Hua, WANG Wei-Hong, YU Shuan-Cang, ZHU Yue-Lin, ZHANG Feng-Lan, YU Yang-Jun, ZHAO Xiu-Yun, ZHANG De-Shuang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 477-484.
  • Abstract ( 1944 ) HTML ( 1884 ) PDF (785KB) ( 1884 )    
  • The pathogen causing verticillium wilt on Chinese cabbage in Beijing area was identified by morphological characteristics,pathogenicity test,and the sequence of ribosomal DNA-ITS in this study. Four isolates from diseased plants of four different varieties were obtained. Seedlings showed symptoms of yellowing,wilting of leaves,discoloration in vascular tissue of the stem and death after inoculating with isolates,which were consistent with the symptoms in the field. The fungus showed dark colonies that produced verticillate conidiophores with two to three layers with colorless,ovoid,conidia and small,black microsclerotia on PDA medium. When cultured under the temperature ranged from 14 ℃ to 32 ℃,hyphae showed fastest growth at 22 ℃;The rDNA-ITS sequence of the fungi which was 100% identity of the four isolates has been submitted to GenBank(GenBank accession number:JN564038).
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  • Analysis of CuChromosome Segment Introgression Line with Powdery Mildew Resistance Based on SSR Markerscumber
  • LIN Xiao-Jian, XU Xue-Wen, QIAN Hong-Mei, QI Xiao-Hua, XU Qiang, CHEN Xue-Hao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 485-492.
  • Abstract ( 1510 ) HTML ( 935 ) PDF (389KB) ( 935 )    
  • 17 cucumber chromosome segment introgression lines(CSILs)were constructed from a cross between the powdery mildew susceptible cultivar(D8)and resistant cultivar(JIN5-508),and 63 plants with high powdery mildew resistance(disease index ≤ 10)were selected. In this study,324 pairs of SSR primers were applied to analysis the polymorphic level between JIN5-508 and D8,and 91 pairs of SSR primer which generated polymorphic bands were applied to analysis the distribution,segment size of the chromosome segments. The results indicated that 25 CSILs were single segment introgression line,which accounted for 39.68% of the total CSILs;Most of the CSILs were double segment introgression lines,take up to 50.79%;Four CSILs were imported 3 chromosome segments;No donor introgression segments were found in 2 lines. 4 donor segments occupied the highest frequency,which located on 23.4–41.3 cM of chromosome 1,51.1–54.0 cM of chromosome 3,9.3–11.3 cM of chromosome 4 and 1.4–3.2 cM of chromosome 6,respectively.
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  • Histological and Cytological Research on Graft Union Formation of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings with Different Scion Ages
  • ZHANG Hong-Mei, DING Ming, JIANG Wu, DUAN Qing-Qing, TANG Dong-Mei, HUANG Dan-Feng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 493-500.
  • Abstract ( 1579 ) HTML ( 2029 ) PDF (778KB) ( 2029 )    
  • Watermelon seedlings of different ages were grafted onto cucurbit rootstocks. The graft union formation was observed using paraffin section and a transmission electron microscope(TEM),and the survival rate was statistically analyzed. In the early days after grafting,a necrotic layer was induced between scion and rootstock. The concrescence rate of the graft combinations with 5 d,7 d and 10 d scions were higher,the necrotic layer disappeared on the 8th day after grafting,and abundant organelles occurred in the cells adjacent to the necrotic layer. Vascular bundles began to regrow after 6 days of grafting,and vascular bridges were formed after 8 days of grafting. The survival rates of these three combinations reached more than 90%. By contrast,in the graft combinations with 13 d- and 18 d-old scions,the necrotic layer could still be observed on the 8th day after grafting,and few organelles and vascular bridges were formed in the cells adjacent to the necrotic layer. The survival rates of seedlings with 13 d- and 18 d-old scions were 83.3% and 72%,respectively. Thus,the connection of vascular bridges between rootstock and scion,and abundant organelles in the cell adjacent to the necrotic layer could be considered as morphological signs of grafted seedling survival. The scion age below 10 d was appropriate for grafting.
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  • Isolation and Expressing Profile Analysis of Enlarging Related Genes in Lotus Root Rhizome
  • CHENG Li-Bao, QI Xiao-Hua, GAO Xue-Shuang, BA Jin-Jin, YIN Jing-Jing, CHEN Xue-Hao, LI Liang-Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 501-508.
  • Abstract ( 1961 ) HTML ( 1512 ) PDF (287KB) ( 1512 )    
  • It was found that the contents of dry matter,soluble sugar and soluble protein were enhanced with the growth and development of lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)rhizome,especially in the later enlarging period of rhizome. In present study,transcriptome sequencing technologies were used to analysis the genes involved in development of lotus rhizome included 35 hormone related protein genes,4 light induced protein genes,35 starch metabolisms related genes and 1 tuberization gene,which might be related to enlarging of lotus rhizome were found. The result of digital gene expression profiles showed that ten Patatin family genes(Lrplp6Lrplp9Lrpfp1LrprpLrpfp2Lrplp4Lrplp5Lrplp8LrppLrplp2)and five starch metabolism related genes(LrgbssLrsbe1Lrsbe2LrsbeIILrsbeIII)significantly changed their expression levels with at least 3 fold in the later period compared with the initial period,while other genes did not obviously alter their expression. The result of Lrplp8 and Lrgbss temporal and spatial expression by semi-RT-PCR in lotus root was similar to the results revealed by digital gene expression profile,suggesting that these two genes were highly correlated with rhizome enlarging. Therefore,we speculated that above 10 Patatin genes and 5 starch metabolism genes played important roles in rhizome enlarging of lotus root.
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  • The Detection of Dasheen mosaic virus by RT-PCR and Sequence Analysis of Its Coat Protein Gene
  • SHI Shi-Ming, WANG Guo-Ping, XU Wen-Xing, WANG Li-Ping, HONG Ni
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 509-515.
  • Abstract ( 1536 ) HTML ( 879 ) PDF (259KB) ( 879 )    
  • Reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)was used for the detection of Dasheen mosaic virus(DsMV)in taro[Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott] from Hubei,Zhejiang and Shandong Provinces. Results revealed that the average viral infection frequency in 91 collected taro samples was 26.4%. RT-PCR products of 317 bp(covering partial coat protein gene)from 14 isolates were sequenced. Results showed that the obtained sequences had high intra-isolate nucleotide similarities,but inter-isolate nucleotide similarities were varied from 68.3% to 97.8%. The cp genes of two DsMV isolates named DsMV-SCS and DsMV-JH were sequenced,and their sizes were 951 bp and 987 bp,respectively. Their cp genes shared similarities of 79.0% at nucleotide(nt)level and 82.3% at amino acid(aa)level to each other and similarities of 73.0%–92.1% at nt level and 74.8%–98.2% at aa level to reported cp sequences of DsMV,respectively. The phylogenetic trees constructed based on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the cp of DsMV showed that isolates DsMV-SCS and DsMV-JH clustered into two different groups. There was no obvious correlation between phylogenetic positions and host or geographical origins of different DsMV isolates.
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Ornamental Plants

  • The Relationship Between the Expression of Key Genes in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and the Color of Chrysanthemum
  • HAN Ke-Ting, ZHAO Li, TANG Xing-Jiao, HU Ke, DAI Si-Lan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 516-524.
  • Abstract ( 1660 ) HTML ( 3428 ) PDF (572KB) ( 3428 )    
  • To illustrate the effect of expression patterns of structural and regulatory genes on anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.),we took a single flower cut chrysanthemum‘Pink’(‘DF-3’)and its white flower mutant(‘MD’)as materials. HPLC analysis results showed that ray florets of the pink cut chrysanthemum cultivars‘DF-3’containing two cyanidin glycosides derivatives,cyanidin 3-O-(6"-O-monomalonyl-β-glucopyranoside)and cyanidin 3-O-(3",6"- O-dimalonyl-β-glucopyranoside),while no anthocyanin was detected in that of the mutant‘MD’. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results showed that,CHIF3HF3'H with similar expression patterns,expressed in the LⅠstage,increased with the development of inflorescence,and peaked at HⅡstage,then decreased gradually. However,there was little expression signal of CHSDFR and ANS at bud stage,but peaked at HⅡ,then decreased gradually. ANS and DFR were floral tissue-specific genes. Regulatory genes WD40 and bHLH were strongly expressed in the LⅢ stage before the structural genes expression,and MYB was not expressed at the bud stage,then began to express at HⅠstage,and peaked at HⅢ stage. The expressions of all structural genes were reduced at various developmental stages in white flower mutant(‘MD’)than wild type(‘DF-3’). In‘MD’,there was very weak expression of F3H and ANS,and no expression of DFR. Expression of bHLH was very weak,and expression of WD40 and MYB had a slight decrease than in wild type. These results indicated that the expression of key structural genes,such as CHSCHIF3HF3'HDFR,and ANS resulted in the accumulation of cyanidin in ray florets of chrysanthemum. While the mechanism of reduced expression of regulatory genes MYB and bHLH in white flower mutant(‘MD’)may be closely related with the formation of the white flower.
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  • The Study on Cold Resistance of Different Citrus medica Strains
  • JIANG Hui, XU Ying-Chun, LI Yong-Rong, DI Min
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 525-532.
  • Abstract ( 1192 ) HTML ( 984 ) PDF (199KB) ( 984 )    
  • The cold resistance of 24 Citrus medica strains which have favorable fruit characters was studied by field identification,cell membrane permeability research and cluster analysis;The cold resistant physiological property of ten strains which belong to high cold resistance,medium cold resistance and poor cold resistance respectively were studied under low temperature stress. The results showed that the index of chilling injury was intervenient 2.00 and 3.40,and the range of semilethal temperature(LT50)was–14.84 to–7.07 ℃. The cold resistance of 24 Citrus medica strains was evaluated by cluster analysis based on index of chilling injury and LT50,Chunjiang 4,Chunjiang 5,Chunjiang 6,Xinshiji 9,Xinshiji 10 and Xiangyuan 4 had high cold resistance;Chunjiang 1,Chunjiang 2,Chunjiang 3,Chunjiang 8,Xiangyuan 1,Xiangyuan 2,Xiangyuan 5,Xiangyuan 6,Xiangyuan 7,Xinshiji 1,Xinshiji 3,Xinshiji 4,Xinshiji 5,Xinshiji 6,Xinshiji 7 and Xinshiji 8 had medium cold resistance;Chunjiang 7 and Xinshiji 2 had poor cold resistance. With the temperature decreasing,the contents of MDA,proline and soluble protein,the activities of SOD increased at first and then decreased. In high cold resistance strains,the contents of MDA was low,the contents of proline,soluble protein,and the activities of SOD were high;On the contrary,in low cold resistance strains,the contents of MDA was high,the contents of proline,soluble protein and the activities of SOD were low.
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  • The Temporal and Spatial Changes of Flower Development Gene LLGLO1 in the Floral Buds of Lilium longiflorum
  • XI Meng-Li, PAN Mei, SHI Ji-Sen, XU Jin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 533-538.
  • Abstract ( 1238 ) HTML ( 1709 ) PDF (393KB) ( 1709 )    
  • In order to obtain the important expression information of LLGLO1 gene during the process of flower development,the temporal and spatial changes of LLGLO1 gene at different development stages of floral buds by in situ hybridization,using the floral buds of Lilium longiflorum as materials and the special sequence of LLGLO1 gene as the probe. Result indicated that LLGLO1 gene was expressed in the four whorls of floral-organ,including outer tepal,inner tepal,stamen,and carpel. It also indicated that the expression level of LLGLO1 gene varies with different development stages of floral buds. The expression level was higher in the 2.0 cm and 3.0 cm floral buds than that in the 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm ones,showing that the expression level of LLGLO1 gene increases with the development of floral-organ.
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Research Notes

  • Effect of Spraying GA3 and 2,4-D on Fruit Drop and Endogenous Hormone Content of Navel Orange
  • WANG Xiong, CHEN Jin-Yin, LIU Shan-Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 539-544.
  • Abstract ( 1630 ) HTML ( 1632 ) PDF (210KB) ( 1632 )    
  • To observe the relationship between endogenous hormone and fruit drop of Newhall Navel Orange,the changes of gibberellin(GA),auxin(IAA),zeatin riboside(ZR)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents in navel oranges were assayed after spraying GA3 and 2,4-D during on-tree storage. The results showed that plant regulators could effectively reduce the fruits abscission through decreasing the GA,IAA and ZR contents and increasing ABA and the ratio of ABA to total contents of GA,IAA and ZR. And the most effective treatment was achieved when a mixture of 20 mg · L-1 GA3 and 20 mg · L-1 2,4-D was applied. The fruits were able to remain of good quality after 60 days,on-tree preservation. The results indicated that a combination of descending endogenous GA,IAA,ZR and decreasing ABA and ratio of ABA to total contents of GA,IAA and ZR accelerated the production of the apolexis,thus delayed the ripening and dropping of navel orange during on-tree storage.
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  • Studies on the Characteristics of Crude Toxin Produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 4
  • YANG Mei, HUANG Yong-Hui, SHU Can-Wei, LI Yu-Ting, ZHOU Er-Xun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 545-551.
  • Abstract ( 1239 ) HTML ( 1161 ) PDF (338KB) ( 1161 )    
  • Banana fusarium wilt was caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4(Foc 4). The changes of pathogenic activity of Foc 4 crude toxin after the treatments of autoclave,different pH values,ultraviolet irradiation and methanol precipitation were determined so as to understand the basic physicochemical properties of the toxin. The results showed that the toxin had a strong thermal stability,and still had a strong pathogenic activity after autoclave for 20 min;The pathogenic activity of the toxin would be reduced under both acidic(pH 3–6)and alkaline(pH 8–10)conditions;The supernatant rather than precipitation had the pathogenic activity after methanol precipitation treatment;The ultraviolet radiation could reduce the toxicity of the toxin. The above mentioned findings suggested that the toxin belongs to a small molecule,non-protein compound with higher polarity. Furthermore,effects of the toxin on seed germination and plantule growth of different plant species were determined so as to understand the host specificity of the toxin,and the results indicated that the toxin had different inhibitions on the seed germination and plantule growth of different plant species,indicating that the toxin was a non-host specific toxin.
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  • Rational Indicators for Irrigation Scheduling of Pear-jujube Based on Microchanges of Stem Diameter
  • HAN Li-Xin, WANG You-Ke, LI Xiao-Bin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 552-560.
  • Abstract ( 1353 ) HTML ( 1049 ) PDF (277KB) ( 1049 )    
  • We used four-year old pear-jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)trees grafted on wild jujube[Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H. F. Chow]to study the response of parameters derived from trunk diameter fluctuations(TDF)to soil water potential(SWP). The relationship among these parameters and meteorological factors were also studied to identify suitable indicators for precise irrigation scheduling of pear-jujube. The maximum daily shrinkage(MDS)increased,whereas the daily growth(DG),trunk growth rate(TGR),and maximum daily trunk diameter(MXTD)decreased,as the SWP decreased. The responses of the four indicators to SWP change were significantly(P < 0.05)different. MDS and TGR noise was lower during the stages of water stress development and water stress maintenance,whereas the ratios of signal intensity to noise were higher. MDS and TGR also had significant relationships with potential evapotranspiration(ET0)and noon vapor pressure deficit(VPDmd),which could indicate atmospheric drought conditions. Therefore,MDS and TGR may provide appropriate indicators for diagnose pear-jujube water content.
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  • Identification of Several Monosomics in Chinese Cabbage and Observation of Their Chromosome Behaviors
  • LUO Shuang-Xia, CHEN Xue-Ping, SHEN Shu-Xing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 561-566.
  • Abstract ( 1523 ) HTML ( 1193 ) PDF (234KB) ( 1193 )    
  • In the present paper,nine 2n–1 = 19 plants were obtained from the 534 microspore plantlets of autotetraploid Chinese cabbage by chromosome number examination,and then three monosomic lines(mono-3,mono-5 and mono-6)were preliminary identified by karyotype analysis and propagation in vitro. The plant and flower bud morphological characters,pollen viability and regularity were significantly different between the three monosomics and diploid. Flower bud type among the three monosomics also occurred markedly difference. The unitary chromosome of the monosomics was mainly existed in an univalent,occasionally formed a trivalent with another pair of homological chromosomes at diakinesis or at metaphaseⅠ,and the chromosome distribution of the monosomics was mainly 9-10 at anaphaseⅠ.
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  • The Effects of 5-azacytidine on DNA Methylation and Heat Tolerance of Seedlings of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage
  • XU Hui-Hui, LIU Wei-Xin, SUN Yan, LIN Duo
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 567-573.
  • Abstract ( 1621 ) HTML ( 1113 ) PDF (255KB) ( 1113 )    
  • The effects of 5-azacytidine(5-azaC)on DNA methylation levels and heat tolerance of two commercial cultivars of non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis(L.)Makino],e.i. ‘Xiadi’and‘Dongshangwei’,were studied. The results showed that DNA methylation levels of seedlings of the two cultivars were significantly decreased,no abnormal growth or development was observed. Pre-treatment of seeds of non-heading Chinese cabbage with 0.1 ~ 0.2 mol · L-1 of 5-azaC would slow down the decreasing of growth,POD activity,and soluble protein content of seedlings under heat stress,and decrease MDA content and cell membrane permeability as well.
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  • A SSR Marker Linked to Gsb-4 Loci Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight in Melon
  • WANG Hong-Ying, QIAN Chun-Tao, LOU Li-Na, LOU Qun-Feng, ZHANG Yong-Bing, YI Hong-Ping, WU Ming-Zhu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 574-580.
  • Abstract ( 1688 ) HTML ( 1657 ) PDF (351KB) ( 1657 )    
  • Segregating population consisting of BC1F1,BC2F1 and F2 were generated by crossing the resistant inbred line PI482398[male parent,containing gene the Gsb-4 resistant to gummy stem blight(GSB)]with the susceptible inbred line‘Baipicui’(female parent). The resistance of segregating population and parental lines were evaluated by inoculating spore isolates of GSB at seeding stage. The results indicated that resistance to GSB in PI482398 is controlled by a single dominant gene. The bulked segregant analysis(BSA)was employed to screen the resistant and susceptible DNA pools with 89 pairs of SSR primers as tool. An unique 120 bp fragment was amplified in resistant materials with the primer CMTA170a. The polymorphic patterns of CMTA170a in the 118 individuals of F2 were scored and then calculated by the software of MAPMAKER/Exp version 3.0 b. The results showed that the genetic distance between CMTA170a and Gsb-4 is 5.14 cM.
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  • Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Chalcone Synthase Gene in Ornamental Peach
  • LIN Ling, TANG Hao-Ru, CHEN Qing, LU Min, JIA Hui-Feng, LI Ying-Gai, ZHANG Xiao-Nan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 581-587.
  • Abstract ( 1396 ) HTML ( 1537 ) PDF (519KB) ( 1537 )    
  • The Chalcone Synthase(CHS)coding sequence(CDS)was cloned from the ornamental peach‘Hongyu Chuizhi’by using SON-PCR techiniques. It was designated as PphCHS,and the GenBank accession number was JN391444. The full CDS was 2 353 bp in length with an open reading frame(ORF)of 1140 bp,encoding a protein of 379 amino acids. Homology analysis of the deduced amino acids indicated that the sequences had more than 90% similarity with those of other reported plants. Amino acids cluster analysis showed that CHS from Prunus cerasifera was clustered together with PphCHS firstly,followed by that from strawberry. Bioinformatic analysis results indicated that the PphCHS amino acids had no signal peptide sequences,but possessed the CHS family’s characteristic sequences,RLMMYQQG CFAGGTVLR.
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  • Hybridization and Identification Between Asiatic Lily and Lilium tsingtauense Using FISH
  • REN Gui-Ling, ZHANG Xian-Xian, ZHOU Shu-Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 588-592.
  • Abstract ( 1517 ) HTML ( 1486 ) PDF (272KB) ( 1486 )    
  • Hybridization between Asiatic lily‘Petit Brigitte’× Lilium tsingtauense was conducted with cut style pollination and embryo rescue. Fourteen progenies were obtained,and the parents and 4 progenies were analyzed using FISH with 45S rDNA as probe. The results showed that all of them are diploid(2n = 2x = 24);‘Petit Brigitte’has 10 loci of 45S rDNA distributed on chromosome CH-1,CH-2,CH-5 and CH-7 and Lilium tsingtauense has 8 on CH-3,CH-4,CH-5 and CH-10 respectively,2n = 2x = 24 for Lilium tsingtauense and 2n = 2x = 24 for hybrids,respectively;all four progenies have 9 loci of 45S rDNA,unambiguously,coming from‘Petit Brigitte’and Lilium tsingtauense respectively.
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New Cultivars

  • A Late-ripening Grape Cultivar‘Jintian Feicui’
  • WANG Na, QIN Zi-Yu, LI Shao-Xing, LUO Shu-Xiang, LIU Jun, XIANG Dian-Fang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 593-594.
  • Abstract ( 2597 ) HTML ( 836 ) PDF (168KB) ( 836 )    
  • ‘Jintian Feicui’is an interspecific late-ripening hybrid cultivar derived from‘Fenghuang 51’(maternal plant)and‘Victoria’(paternal plant). Its fruit cluster weighs 920.0 g in average. Its berry is near circular shape. The average mass of a single berry is 10.6 g. The soluble solids content of berries is 17.5%. The flesh is white colour with fragrance,the pulp is crisp and succulent,and the quality is excellent. The fructescence is early September.
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  • A New Very Early-maturing Apricot Cultivar‘Jizaohong’
  • ZHANG Yan-Min, CHEN Xiao-Liu, MAO Zhi-Quan, ZHANG Rui, JI Xiao-Hao, FENG Shou-Qian, CHEN Xue-Sen
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 595-596.
  • Abstract ( 1296 ) HTML ( 1376 ) PDF (174KB) ( 1376 )    
  • ‘Jizaohong’is a new very early-maturing apricot cultivar selected from the hybrid seedlings from embryo culture of‘Xinshiji’. The fruit is mostly round. Its average fruit weight is 48 g,the biggest is 68 g. It has a yellow background color,covered with red. The soluble solids content is 14.4%. It has a good flavor and quality. Its nucleus is separate from flesh and sweet kernel. The fruit development period is about 50–55 days. It ripens in late May in Tai’an of Shandong,5–7 days earlier than Xinshiji and 15–20 days earlier than Kaite.
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  • A New Chinese Black Olive Cultivar‘Guilan 1’
  • QIN Zhen-Shi, WANG Wen-Lin, HE Xi-Yang, ZHENG Shu-Fang, QIU Wen-Wu, WEI Chi-Zhang, PENG Su-Na
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 597-598.
  • Abstract ( 1374 ) HTML ( 1293 ) PDF (191KB) ( 1293 )    
  • A new cultivar‘Guilan 1’was selected from the seedlings of wild Chinese black olive. The fruit is oval shape,the average fruit weight is 12.8 g,edible rate is 65.5%,kernel rate is 11.3%,with protein content of 2.7%,fats content of 3.5%,calcium content of 3 215 mg · kg-1,Mg content of 748 mg · kg-1,vitamine C content of 200 mg · kg-1,Fe content of 73.3 mg · kg-1. Fruits mature in middle August in Chongzuo City of Guangxi.
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  • A New Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Duokang 4’
  • WANG Ming-Qiu, MOU Jin-Gui, LIU Xiao-Dong, LIU Xue-Min, WANG Yu-Hai
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 599-600.
  • Abstract ( 1276 ) HTML ( 1134 ) PDF (137KB) ( 1134 )    
  • ‘Duokang 4’ is a new medium or late maturing hybrid Chinese cabbage variety with high diseases resistance,which crossed between self-incompatibles variety‘2005M-3’and autogamy variety ‘04-5’. Its growth potential is strong. The head growth fast.‘Duokang 4’has outstanding features,such as much less useless leaves,high net rate,high resistance to virue disease,mildew and black rot disease. It has good performance on the comprehensive disease resistance.
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  • A New Tomato Hybrid‘Hangza 3’Resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
  • ZHENG Ji-Rong, WANG Hui-Li, WANG Shi-Heng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 601-602.
  • Abstract ( 1182 ) HTML ( 945 ) PDF (144KB) ( 945 )    
  • ‘Hangza 3’ is a new red tomato hybrid resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)and root knot nematode,which is developed by crossing‘HT1-1-3-2-5-3’ב00-03-19’.The hybrid grows strongly with indeterminate plant type and mid-early maturity. Its first inflorescence is 7  ~  8 leaf,Its average single fruit weight is 136 g. The matured fruits are round in shape,red in color with good quality. Especially,it is resistant to TYLCV and root knot nematode and transportation,The average yield of ‘Hangza 3’ was 81.0 t · hm-2 as a result of multiple experiments. The hybrid is suitable for cultivation in early spring and late autumn under greenhouse conditions.
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  • A New Auricularia auricula Cultivar ‘Qihei 1’
  • YAO Fang-Jie, ZHANG You-Min
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 603-604.
  • Abstract ( 990 ) HTML ( 887 ) PDF (148KB) ( 887 )    
  • ‘Qihei 1’is a new cultivar of the edible mushroom Auricularia auricula. Its hypha body is white and grows strongly. The aerial hypha is developed and villous,the colony edge is straight. The fruit body is monolithic clusters and dark. The diameter of each piece is 5–10 cm,its thickness is 0.10–0.13
    cm. The period is 115–125 d from the inoculation to the first harvest. The yield of fresh fruit body is 78.7 kg per 100 kg dry basis. It has stronger resistance to microbe pollution.
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  • A New Doritaenopsis Cultivar ‘Hongmei’
  • CHEN He-Ming, 吕Fu-Bing , ZHU Gen-Fa, CAO Jun-Xi, LI Dong-Mei, LI Zuo, XIAO Wen-Fang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 605-606.
  • Abstract ( 2178 ) HTML ( 1094 ) PDF (168KB) ( 1094 )    
  • ‘Hongmei’is a new cultivar of Doritaenopsis with deep purple color,big flower type which is derived from the crossing Dtps. Taisuco Firebird and Dtps. I-Hsin New Girl. There are 7–8 flowers in main inflorescence and 7–10 flowers on the whole which have round and good arrangement, the flower diameter is 10.0–10.5 cm. Under natural conditions,flower buds form and peduncles grow in October and November. First flowering is in January and blooming is in February and March.
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  • A New Salvia splendens Cultivar ‘Chengxiang Gongzhu’
  • LIU Ke-Feng, HONG Pei-Pei, CHEN Hong-Wei, WANG Hong-Li, YANG Jian-Yu, ZHI Li-Ting
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(3): 607-608.
  • Abstract ( 1512 ) HTML ( 1023 ) PDF (178KB) ( 1023 )    
  • ‘Chengxiang Gongzhu’ is an orange cultivar bred from the seedling populations of orange Salvia splendens,which grown in the farmhouse of Sanhe City,Hebei Province.The color of its calyx and corolla is orange,the plant height is 75–85 cm and the inflorescence length is 25–29 cm.The number of
    flower wheel is 17–19,the distance between wheels is 1.4–1.6 cm and 6 flowers each round. There are at most 114 flowers on single inflorescence and more than 35 inflorescences on the whole plant.Compared with the original species,the variety has high flower cover and ornamental value. It is highly resistant to the stress,epidemic disease and mosaic.It is suitable for cultivation in the region of Beijing.
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