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2012, Vol.39, No.4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Fruit Trees

  • Effects of Zinc Deficiency Stress on the Root Architecture and Zinc Accumulation of the Different Apple Rootstocks
  • WANG Jin-Hua, LIU Fei, FU Chun-Xia, ZHANG Hong-Yi, WANG Yan-An
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 613-620.
  • Abstract ( 1470 ) HTML ( 1391 ) PDF (379KB) ( 1391 )    
  • The physiological and root morphology responses of two apple rootstocks under zincdeficiency stress were investigated for exploring the difference of endurance and sensitivity to zinc-deficiency stress between cultivars of two apple rootstocks. The experiment was carried out with the seedlings of two apple rootstocks cultivars(Malus hupehensis Rehd. and Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang)under zinc-deficiency stress with hydroponics. The changes in the biomass,the morphology and architecture of root,the activity of root,and the zinc accumulation in plant shoot and root were studied. There were significant differences between different apple rootstocks cultivars in response to zinc-deficiencystress. The obtained results showed that many obvious zinc-deficiency symptoms were observed in the two apple rootstocks seedling receiving no Zn supply,such as,the plant dwarfed,the new leaves etiolated and
    rosetted,the length of stem node decreased and the root tips enlarged. The results also indicated that zinc-deficiency treatment delayed the occurrence of zinc-deficiency symptoms of the Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang seedling by 7 days than the Malus hupehensis Rehd. The biomass of Malus hupehensis
    Rehd. root system was significantly inhibited under zinc-deficiency stress. Root is more sensitive to zinc deficiency than that of shoot. Cultured for 20 days in a zinc-deficiency solution,the root length,root surface area,root volume and the number of root tips of the two apple rootstocks cultivars are both decreased seriously,and the decreased ranges of Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang are smaller than those of Malus hupehensis Rehd.,contrarily,the average diameter of two cultivars roots are increased under zinc-deficiency condition. Malus hupehensis Rehd. treatment plant had the maximum value of root activity of Malus hupehensis Rehd. treatment plant appeared at the 30th day,while that of Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang appeared at 45th day. The content of Zn of two cultivars under zinc-deficiency stress was in the order as below:Root > stem > leaf. Control plants > Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang > Malus hupehensis Rehd. treatment plant. The sensitivity and endurance of the two apple rootstocks seedlings to zinc-deficiency stress were different. The Malus hupehensis Rehd. was more sensitive to zinc deficiency and its root was vulnerable to zinc-deficiency stress,while Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang presented less decrease in its zinc content and had better endurance and resistance to the zinc-deficiency stress.
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  • Effects of DA-6 on Chlorophyll Biosythesis Pathway in Peach Leaves
  • YANG Qing, AI Sha-Jiang- · Mai-Mai-Ti, WANG Zhi-Xia, LIU Guo-Jie
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 621-628.
  • Abstract ( 1347 ) HTML ( 2068 ) PDF (294KB) ( 2068 )    
  • Taken ‘Xiangshan Honey’ peach as the material,the change of chlorophyll precursor contents and activity of the key enzymes in chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway after DA-6 (N-diethylaminoethyl hexanote)application were investigated the underlying mechanism of DA-6 induced leaf chlorophyll content increase. Compared with the control,20 mg · L-1 foliar DA-6 spray significantly increased the contents of chlorophylls,especially that of chlorophyll b,and chlorophyll intermediate products porphobilinogen(PBG)and uroporphyrinoge(Urogen Ⅲ),whereas decreased the amount of chlorophyll precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA). The results suggested the transformation from ALA to PBG and PBG to Urogen Ⅲ was up-regulated. The key enzymes catalyzing the two reactions are 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase(ALAD)and uroporporphyrinogn Ⅲ synthase(UROS),their enhanced activity after DA-6 foliar spraying was assayed. Our study demonstrated that foliar spray DA-6 increased the conversion efficiency of ALA to PBG and PBG to Urogen Ⅲ,up-regulated the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and resulted in higher chlorophyll content in peach leaves.
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  • Response of Main Antioxidant Compositions to Mechanical Wounding and UV-B Stress in Rosa roxburghii Fruit
  • YANG Man, AN Hua-Ming, HUANG Wei, ZHANG Xue
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 629-636.
  • Abstract ( 1233 ) HTML ( 1353 ) PDF (227KB) ( 1353 )    
  • Rosa roxburghii Tratt ‘Guinong 5’ was used to investigate the response of antioxidant system to mechanical wounding and UV-B stress during fruit development. The results showed that the reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation were all induced by the both stress treatments,
    but different defense response patterns of antioxidant system were observed. In wounded fruits,the antioxidant enzymes such as POD,SOD and some antioxidant substances of AsA or GSH were provoked immediately leaded by H2O2 production. Then,with the redox prolonged,the enzyme activities decreased gradually while the contents of AsA and GSH still maintained a high level. Longer-term supplement of UV-B radiation would contribute to SOD activity or AsA and GSH accumulation,and then to the nutritional values in the fruit. In the condition of weakened UV-B treatment (–UV),activities of SOD and POD and content of GSH increased in early development stage but decreased in ripening fruit. POD,but not CAT or APX plays a role of sensitive factor to these kinds of stress. These data reveal that cooperation of antioxidases of POD and SOD with antioxidants of AsA and GSH should be the main ROS-scavenging mechanisms to sense the environment stress and react appropriately by keeping the cellular redox balance in the fruits.
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  • The Physiological Responds of Highbush Blueberry to Drought Stress and the Comprehensive Evaluation on Their Drought Resistance Capacity
  • CHEN Wen-Rong, ZENG Wei-Wei, LI Yun-Xia, LI Yong-Qiang, GUO Wei-Dong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 637-646.
  • Abstract ( 2020 ) HTML ( 2461 ) PDF (909KB) ( 2461 )    
  • Physiological characteristics of two northern(Brigitta,Spartan) and two southern highbush blueberry cultivars(Sharpblue,O’Neal)were investigated under water controlled conditions,as to unveil the possible mechanisms of highbush blueberry in response to drought stress and to screen the drought resistant cultivars. Meanwhile,the study also aimed to prove the possibility of using the Subordinate Function method based on physiological parameters to evaluate the drought-tolerance among the blueberry cultivars. The drought resistance capacity of all the four highbush blueberry cultivars were evaluated comprehensively by:The relative water content,content of the lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde,MDA),membrane permeation,contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical,the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), stomatal characteristics of leaves. The results showed that drought stress decreased the relative water content,Fv/Fm,stoma open rate,stomatal length and stomatal width;Meanwhile,the relative conductivity,MDA content,H2O2 and  contents and stomatal density were increased paralleled with the treatment intensity. The drought resistance abilities differed significantly among the four highbush blueberry cultivars,with the drought resistance capacity sequenced as following:O’Neal,Sharpblue,Brigitta , Spartan. The two-year field trial proved the Subordinate Function method based on physiological parameters could be used as a reliable method to screen the drought-tolerant blueberry cultivars.

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  • Construction of SSR Fingerprint on 36 Chinese Jujube Cultivars
  • MA Li-Ying, KONG De-Cang, LIU Hua-Bo, WANG Si-Qi, LI Ying-Yue, PANG Xiao-Ming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 647-654.
  • Abstract ( 1698 ) HTML ( 4068 ) PDF (273KB) ( 4068 )    
  • In this study,36 Chinese jujube cultivars were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using fluorescent M13 multi-state detection method with 12 pairs of newly developed SSR primers. Totally,99 polymorphic alleles were revealed,with an average of 8.25 for each primer pairs. Polymorphism information content values for the primer pairs ranged from 0.62–0.85,with an average of 0.75. A strategy of combining primer pair with distinct alleles for fingerprint construction was developed and applied to the 36 cultivars. The genetic similarities among cultivars range from 0.6667 to 0.9444,on which a phenetic
    tree showing the relationship among the cultivars was constructed. The present results provide valuable tools for the cultivar classification,germplasm identification and molecular breeding of Chinese jujube.
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Vegetables

  • Synthesis of Allotriploid(AAC)Through Hybridization Between Flowering Chinese Cabbage and Broccoli and the Preliminary Research on Reproductive Characters
  • QIAO Hai-Yun, LI Fei, ZHANG Shu-Jiang, ZHANG Shi-Fan, ZHANG Hui, SUN Ri-Fei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 655-660.
  • Abstract ( 1434 ) HTML ( 932 ) PDF (1210KB) ( 932 )    
  • The allotetraploid hybrids (AACC,2n = 4x = 38)derived from the hybridization between flowering Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen. et Lee)and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch) were as the female parent,through backcrossing with parent
    flowering Chinese cabbage(AA),the allotriploid hybrids with AAC genomes were obtained. The allotriploid hybrids(AAC)were strong in growth and with the characters of both parents(flowering Chinese cabbage and broccoli). Cytological identification revealed that the allotriploid hybrids had the
    anticipative chromosomes (2n = 3x = 29). The pollen viability and pollen number of one flower bud were lower than flowering Chinese cabbage and broccoli. The pollen-mother-cell’s meiotic chromosome behavior of allotriploid was complicated,such as the occurrence of chromosome lagging at metaphaseⅠ, anaphaseⅠ,metaphaseⅡ and anaphaseⅡ and the chromosome distribution at anaphaseⅠwas unbalanced, having 15/14,16/13 and so on. The complicate chromosome behavior in meiosis resulted the forming of gametes with different chromosome number.
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  • QTL Mapping of a Leaf-lobed Trait in Brassica campestris
  • DENG Jie, WANG Hui, CHENG Feng, WU Jian, WANG Xiao-Wu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 661-668.
  • Abstract ( 1578 ) HTML ( 1629 ) PDF (644KB) ( 1629 )    
  • The objective of this study was to map and analyze QTLs controlling leaf-lobed trait in the population constructed by Chinese cabbage ‘Z16’ [Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis(Lour)Olsson] and ‘Yellow Sarson 143’ (Brassica campestris L. var. yellow sarson Prain),so as to provide information
    for molecular marker assisted selection in Chinese cabbage breeding. Leaf-lobed trait was detected in parents and individuals of BC2DH population of Z16 × 143 in different growing seasons. An integrated map of 559.08 cM with 10 linkage groups was also used for the QTL analysis. Using the genetic map and
    multiple QTL model(MQM)method of software package MapQTL(version 4.0),QTLs were detected in the same position on 3rd and 10th chromosomes in the three different growing seasons. The LOD values varied from 7.66 to 18.99 which explained 26.4% - 44.7% of the phenotypic variation. When analyzed with annotated genes between Arabidopsis thaliana and B. rapa in the QTL region on 10th chromosome,one active GA biosynthetic gene was found as the candidate gene for the leaf-lobed trait. The lobed phenotype was inhibited with application of exogenous GA3 in line 143.
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  • Effects of Sodium Bisulfite on Nitrate Reduction and Photosynthetic Capacity in the Leaves of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage
  • HUO Jie, WANG Jun-Ling, XUE Zhan-Jun, WANG Mei, GAO Zhi-Kui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 669-676.
  • Abstract ( 1699 ) HTML ( 1125 ) PDF (278KB) ( 1125 )    
  • The effects of sodium bisulfite(NaHSO3)on nitrate reduction and photosynthetic capacity were studied in the leaves of non-heading Chinese cabbage. It had been investigated the impact of 0(control),2(S2),5(S5),10(S10)and 15(S15)mmol · L-1 NaHSO3 concentrations on plant biomass,nitrate content,nitrate reductive(NR)activity and photosynthetic capacity after spraying for 0,4,8,12,16 d in the 5 leaves stage of non-heading Chinese cabbage seedling. With the application of different NaHSO3 concentrations,the significant concentration effect and time effect were observed on
    plant biomass,NO3-  content and NR activity in the leaves. However,the most significant effect was presented for the 12th day of S10 treatment comparing with control,in which not only did the NO3- contentdecrease by 44.85% and NR activity increase by 51.26%,but also the plant height and shoot dry weight
    distinctly increase. Moreover,the NaHSO3 dramatically increased net photosynthetic rate(Pn),carboxylation efficiency(CE),maximal carboxylation rate(Vcmax),primary quantum efficiency of PSⅡ(Q)and maximal electron transport rate(ETRmax)in leaves. Thereby,the NaHSO3 stimulated NR activity firstly,then drove assimilation of nitrate,and reduced nitrate accumulation finally;On the other hand, the positive action of NaHSO3 for anabolic metabolism of nitrogen was triggered by more production of carbon skeleton and energy supply mainly due to promotion of photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency,which improved by the increase of PSⅡ electronic transmission ability and carboxylation reaction rate.
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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of Calmodulin Gene in Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.
  • SUN Zi-Jian, WEI Jing-Yi, WANG Xiao-Jia, SONG Ming, TANG Qing-Lin, WANG Zhi-Min, REN Xue-Song
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 677-686.
  • Abstract ( 1355 ) HTML ( 1686 ) PDF (559KB) ( 1686 )    
  • Calmodulin(CaM)mediates lots of cellular processes in eukaryotes,it is a pivotal transducer of calcium signal. A Brassica oleracea CaM gene was isolated using homology based on the cloning method. The ORF(open reading frame)of this gene was 450 bp encoding 149 amino acids with  four conserved EF-hand domains. There is no transmembrane domain or signal peptide sequence in tentative protein sequence. The recombinant CaM proteins(three mutants included)were expressed in E. coli,and subsequently separated on SDS-PAGE in the presence of EGTA,their electrophoresis motilities were related with that of mutant EF-Hand motifs. The activity assay showed that the CaM activity relied on the presence of Ca2+. Gene expression in the pollen germination was investigated using qPCR,the results indicated that the gene expression increased first and then descended in pollen of self-incompatible line,but decreased continuously in self-compatible line,both of which were down-regulated significantlywhen TFP was added in pollens;There was no significant difference in the beginning or at the end of pollen germination when W-7 sepharose was added.
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  • Analysis of Genetic Variation and QTL Detection in Cucumber Introgression Progenies
  • SHI Jian-Lei, CHEN Jin-Feng, LOU Qun-Feng, QIAN Chun-Tao, MENG Jia-Li
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 687-694.
  • Abstract ( 1485 ) HTML ( 930 ) PDF (285KB) ( 930 )    
  • To explore the genetic variations in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.,2n = 14)—sour cucumber(C. hystrix Chakr.,2n = 24)introgression lines,twelve introgression lines and their recipient parent cultivated cucumber‘Beijing Jietou’were used in analysis of biological traits derived from sour cucumber and detection of the relevant QTLs. The results indicated that coefficient of variation among different introgression lines ranged from 6.17% to 46.26%,with an average of 20.81%. And the majority of QTL traits had significant difference between recipient parent and 12 different introgression lines, showing the genetic characters of sour cucumber. By t test to P ≤ 0.001 as the threshold value,a total of 87 QTLs were detected in 10 traits,an average of 9.67 QTLs per trait,7.25 QTLs each introgression line and 0.8 QTL each introgressed DNA segment. Above results proved that the sour cucumber genetic material,which controlled related traits,had introgressed into cultivated cucumber,and the cucumber genetic basis had been expanded.
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  • Effects of Exogenous γ-aminobutyric Acid on Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism and Mineral Elements Contents of Melon Seedling Under Hypoxia Stress
  • SONG Suo-Ling, LI Jing-Rui, GAO Hong-Bo, LI Qing-Yun, YANG Li-Wen, GONG Rui-Juan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 695-704.
  • Abstract ( 1365 ) HTML ( 1445 ) PDF (345KB) ( 1445 )    
  • Melon ‘Xiyu 1’ was used to investigate the effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on the inorganic nitrogen metabolism and mineral elements contents under hypoxia stress in hydroponics culture. The result showed that the activities of nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR)and the contents of nitrate(NO3--N),nitrite(NO2--N),ammonium(NH4+-N),glutamic acid,amino acids,total nitrogen as well as Mn,Fe,Cu significantly increased in roots of melon seedlings under hypoxia stress,however the contents of soluble protein and K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Zn obviously decreased,as a result the growth of roots was inhibited;Compared with hypoxia stress,the contents of NO3--N,NO2--N,NH4+-N,glutamic acid,amino acids,soluble protein and activities of NR,NiR in roots weresignificantly increased when melon seedlings were grown in the nutrient solution of applying GABA under hypoxia stress,meanwhile the mineral elements contents in roots such as total nitrogen,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Zn were significantly increased,but the contents of Mn,Fe,Cu were significantly decreased,which relieved the inhibition of hypoxia to roots in melon seedlings. However,exogenous GABA and sodium tungstate application aggravated the harm of hypoxia stress to melon seedlings through inhibiting NR activity and decreasing contents of NO3--N,NH4+-N,glutamic acid,amino acids,soluble protein,total nitrogen and dry weight in roots. The result indicated that exogenous GABA might alleviate the damage of melon seedlings from hypoxia stress via enhancing NR activity and improving nitrate absorption and transformation,meanwhile increasing K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Zn contents and decreasing Mn,Fe,Cu contents in the roots.
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  • Cloning and Inducible Expression of Ethylene Response Factor CaJERF1 in Hot Pepper
  • ZHANG Qiu-Ping, YANG Yu-Hong, MAO Zhen-Chuan, CHEN Guo-Hua, XIE Bing-Yan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 705-712.
  • Abstract ( 1408 ) HTML ( 1640 ) PDF (781KB) ( 1640 )    
  • An ethylene response factor gene CaJERF1 was isolated from hot pepper using the methods of RT-PCR and RACE. The full length of the cDNA sequence is 1 379 bp,encoding a protein of 375 amino acids,with predicted molecular weight 41.5 kD. The putative protein contains a conserved ERF motif of 59 amino acids that shares 100% and 99% identities with this domain of CaPF and tomato JERF1,respectively. Alignment of full sequences indicates that CaJERF1 protein has high similarity to CaPF(99%)and JERF1(86%),belonging to Ⅳ subgroup of ERF subfamily. Northern blot analyses showed that ethylene,jasmonic acid,high salt and low temperature obviously induced the expression of CaJERF1,suggesting that CaJERF1 might be involved in multiple stress responses.
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  • Molecular Cloning,Expression and Sequence Analysis of CaCOI1 from Chili Pepper
  • HU Ting-Zhang, CHEN Zai-Gang, YANG Jun-Nian, WU Xiao-Li, HUANG Xiao-Yun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 713-720.
  • Abstract ( 1300 ) HTML ( 2328 ) PDF (837KB) ( 2328 )    
  • The cDNA sequence of CaCOI1 was cloned from chili pepper by RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CaCOI1 encodes a putative polypeptide of 603 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68.35 kD and a theoretical pI of 6.32. CaCOI1 protein contains 51.41% α-helical domains,13.76% β-sheet domains,5.80% β-turn,and 29.03% random coil and is hydrophilic with a grand average of hydropathy value of –0.143. CaCOI1 protein was predicted to possess an F-box at the N-terminal and six leucine-rich repeat domains at the C-terminal. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree analyses showed that CaCOI1 is close to the tomato LeCOI1 with an overall sequence similarity of 94%. The expression of CaCOI1 was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The result showed that the CaCOI1 gene was transcribed in different tissue organs. The expression level of CaCOI1 in flowers was about 2.8–5.4 folds higher than that in any other analyzed tissue organs. These results suggest that CaCOI1 may be involved in flower development.
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Ornamental Plants

  • Isolation and Characterization of Cytokinin Synthase Gene DgIPT3 in Chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’
  • YU Jing, DONG Li-Li, XI Lin, ZHAO Rui-Yan, MA Nan, ZHAO Liang-Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 721-728.
  • Abstract ( 1673 ) HTML ( 2052 ) PDF (603KB) ( 2052 )    
  • Branching is a limiting factor in highly effective production of Chrysanthemum. It is known that isopentenyl transferase is the key enzyme which catalyzes cytokinin biosythesis in plants. Here,we isolated full length cDNA of DgIPT3,a gene encoding isopentenyl transferase in Chrysanthemum using RACE. The DgIPT3 is 1 171 bp in length and its ORF encodes 331 amino acids.GenBank accession No. JQ711176. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DgIPT3 had the highest similarity withPtXP02321061 from Populus trichocarpa. qRT-PCR indicated that expression level of DgIPT3 in leaves is much higher than roots and stems,suggesting that expression pattern of DgIPT3 was organ-specific in Chrysanthemum. The DgIPT3 protein was located in cytoplasm by transient expression of DgIPT3 in mesophyll protoplast of Arabidopsis. Overexpression of DgIPT3 obviously increased the number of rosette branches in Arabidopsis,indicating that DgIPT3 is probably the key gene involved in branching of Chrysanthemum.
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  • The Isolation and Collection of Sperm Cells in Phalaenopsis
  • WU Cheng-Hou, ZHAO Yu-Hui, YANG Yan-Hong, TIAN Hui-Qiao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 729-734.
  • Abstract ( 1278 ) HTML ( 1435 ) PDF (761KB) ( 1435 )    
  • The germination of pollens and the isolation and collection of sperm cells were studied by using a Phalaenopsis hybrid in this paper. The results show that the nucleus of generative cell degenerated after the pollen germinated and the generative cell moved into the pollen tube. The generative cell was still in cell division after pollinated 5 days. Pollen tubes were induced in the ovary after manual pollination and the sperm cells were isolated from pollen tubes by immediately blowing up in a broken solution containing 5%–12% mannitol. Four to five pairs of sperms could be collected within 30 mins by using a micromanipulator. The isolated pairs of two sperm cells shown significant differences in sizes and fluorescent intensities,that suggested both sperms have different futures. The successful isolation of sperm cells from Phalaenopsis wouldprovide a solid basis for the studies of in vitro fertilization in orchid in the future.
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  • Nano-silver Treatments Alleviated the Harmful Effects of Exogenous Ethylene on Cut Roses
  • HUANG Xin-Min, LIN Qi-Ling, XIAN Xi-Jin, LIU Ji-Ping, LI Hong-Mei, HE Sheng-Gen
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 735-742.
  • Abstract ( 2019 ) HTML ( 1781 ) PDF (432KB) ( 1781 )    
  • To study the anti-ethylene effects of nano-silver(NS)treatments on cut-flowers roses(Rosa hybrida‘Movie Star’),the cut flowering stems(25 cm long)were pre-treated for 2 h with NS(5,10 and 30 mg· L-1)or silver thiosulfate(STS,0.5 mmol· L-1)solution with de-ioned(DI)water as control,thereafter they were immediately placed in vases containing DI water and then exposed to 10 μL· L-1 ethylene for 24 h. The changes in ornamental quality,vase life,flower diameter and fresh mass of cut roses during their vase period were investigated. The results showed that exogenous ethylene treatment caused quick wilting of flowers and leaves,early abscission of leaves and obvious inhibition in flower opening of cut roses,thus seriously affected their ornamental quality and shortened the vase life. NS treatments could significantly alleviated above harmful effects of exogenous ethylene on cut roses,the treatment with 30 mg· L-1 NS was the best among all treatments,which extended the vase life by 7 d compared with the ethylene treatment. Additionally,the similar experiments using the detached flowers from cut roses(with 5 cm stem and without leaves)further certified that NS treatments could effectively alleviate the inhibition in flower opening owing to exposure to exogenous ethylene.
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Research Notes

  • Clone and Expression Analyzing of Phytochrome-interacting Factor Gene PIF of Spur Type Apple
  • SONG Yang, ZHANG Yan-Min, WANG Chuan-Zeng, LIU Mei-Yan, LIU Jin, WANG Yan-Ling, CHEN Xue-Sen
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 743-748.
  • Abstract ( 1662 ) HTML ( 1738 ) PDF (466KB) ( 1738 )    
  • A phytochrome-interacting factor(PIF)gene was isolate from the spur type apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)by using RT-PCR and RACE method,the gene was named MdPIF,containing an open reading frame(2 142 bp)and encoding a protein of 713 amino acid. Sequence analysis indicated that MdPIF shared highly homology with bHLH family protein and the APB domain of phytochrome- interacting. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that MdPIF gene expressed in stem of spur type apple trees during the 20–110 days after flowering. In the same development stage,the MdPIF was lower expression in spur type apple stem than in non-spur type apple. The MdPIF gene was expressed in leaf,stem,flower,fruit and bud of the spur type apple. However,the expression of the gene was different. The relative expression level of MdPIF gene was up to the maximum value in the stem. The research results suggested that the MdPIF gene play an important role during the stem developing of apple.
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  • Effects of Aphid Infestation on Leaf Cell Differentiation , Internode Elongation and Flower Bud Formation of Apricot
  • LIU Lin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 749-756.
  • Abstract ( 1413 ) HTML ( 1254 ) PDF (1464KB) ( 1254 )    
  • Aphids establish compatible interaction with host plants through overcoming plant defenses and manipulating plant metabolism for successful feeding and reproduction. This usually causes changes to cellular structures and plant growth and development. With the aim to understand the effect of green peach aphid infestation on apricot leaf cell differentiation,internode elongation,and flower bud formation,ultrastructures of infested and uninfested young leaves as well as internode length and flower bud number per node of infested and uninfested shoots were compared. Main findings are as follows:(1)The mesophyll cell in the infested young leaf is apparently smaller and shorter than that in the uninfested leaf of the same age. This implies that the mesophyll cell grows much slower in the infested young leaf than in the uninfested young leaf.(2)Plastids in the mesophyll of the infested and uninfested young leaves of the same age reveal remarkably different morphological and structural features. Plastids in the mesophyll cells of the infested young leaf are small,take a spherical or elliptical shape,contain few thylakoids,lack typical grana,and rarely contain starch grains. In contrast,plastids in the mesophyll cells of the uninfested young leaf of the same age are larger,take a lens-like shape,contain rich thylakoids as well as a lot of typical grana,and accumulate a large amount of starch. The differences in shape and structure indicate that the conversion of proplastids into chloroplasts is rapid in the mesophyll of the uninfested leaf,whereas the process takes a much longer time in the infested leaf.(3)The internode of the infested shoot is dramatically shorter than that of the uninfested shoot,while the node of the infested shoot bears significantly more flower buds than that of the uninfested shoot. Therefore,it is suggested that aphid infestation retard cell enlargement and chloroplast development,inhibit internode elongation,but promote flower bud formation.
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  • Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Eriobotrya japonica Plants Under Different Water Regimes
  • ZHANG Yan, LI Juan, YAO Qing, CHEN Jie-Zhong, HU You-Li, LIU Xiang-Yu, HUANG Yong-Jing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 757-762.
  • Abstract ( 1518 ) HTML ( 1530 ) PDF (226KB) ( 1530 )    
  • The effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi(Acaulospora laevisGlomus mosseae and Glomus caledonium)on plant growth and nutrient uptake of loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. ‘Zaozhong 6’)seedlings under three water regimes(well watered,water stressed-slight,water stressed-heavy) were investigated. Results indicated that inoculated seedlings had higher shoot and root dry biomass than the un-inoculated counterparts under all water regimes. All three AMF species increased the uptake of N,K,P,Ca,Mg and Cu. The influence of mycorrhizal inoculation to nutrient uptake and biomass of loquat seedlings was similar. It is suggested that mycorrhizal inoculation promoted the absorption of nutrition which contributed to improve its drought tolerance and the growth of loquat seedlings. G. caledonium is the dominant species of loquat seedlings in the three isolates of AM fungi.
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  • Extraction,Purification and Property of Polyphenol Oxidase from Agaricus bisporus
  • ZHU Ji-Ying, WANG Jian, WANG Xiang-You
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 763-768.
  • Abstract ( 1172 ) HTML ( 1467 ) PDF (383KB) ( 1467 )    
  • Polyphenol oxidase(PPO)from Agaricus bisporus was extracted and purified by salting-out,DEAE-Cellulose-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography. The protein yield and PPO activity were analyzed during purification. The final purification fold,specific activity and protein yield were 103.2,566.57 U · mg-1 and 0.47%,respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the PPO was a single protein band with a molecular weight of about 25.5 kD. The observation by scanning probe microscope showed that the PPO from Agaricus bisporus was ellipsoidal,with a diameter of about 8–12 nm.
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  • Molecular Clonging and Expression Analysis of Homological Gene APX from Phalaenopsis
  • XU Chuan-Jun, SUN Xu-Zhuo, LI Ling, RU Zhi-Wei, ZENG Bi-Yu, LIU Yu-Mei, HUANG Jun-Mei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 769-776.
  • Abstract ( 1603 ) HTML ( 1513 ) PDF (618KB) ( 1513 )    
  • The APX homolog sequence,PhAPX(GenBank accession No. FJ161977)was cloned from Phalaenopsis plant. The full length cDNA of PhAPX was 1 320 bp,has an open read frame of 747 bp,encoding a protein of 249 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that PhAPX protein shared the characters of ClassⅠof peroxidase family. Amino acids sequence analysis suggested that PhAPX protein might locate in cytoplast and PhAPX was highly similar to other APX proteins. Real-time PCR analysis showed that PhAPX mRNA,a broad-spectrum expression gene,was expressed in the organs in Phalaenopsis including root,stem,leaf and flower. PhAPX was also found to be up-regulated by wound and NaCl,which suggested that it might play a role on stress.
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Technologies and Methods

  • Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mandarin Cultivars Using High Resolution Melting Analysis
  • WU Bo, YANG Run-Ting, ZHU Shi-Ping, ZHONG Yun, JIANG Bo, ZENG Ji-Wu, ZHONG Guang-Yan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 777-782.
  • Abstract ( 1588 ) HTML ( 2144 ) PDF (288KB) ( 2144 )    
  • High resolution melting analysis(HRM)is capable of detecting changes in melting temperature(Tm)of double strand DNA sequences caused by single nucleotide changes,and is suitable to genotype genetic samples using known single nucleotide polymorphic sites(SNPs). Citrus reticulata ESTs from NCBI EST database were searched for SNPs,and 5 SNPs were selected to genotype 11 mandarin and 1 sweet orange cultivars using HRM genotyping of small amplicons. The results showed that,at a givenSNP site,a heterozygous genotype could be easily and clearly distinguished from a homozygous genotype by HRM,and 2 different homozygous genotypes could also be easily identified when temperature was calibrated. All 5 SNPs were found polymorphic in analyzed citrus samples,with an average polymorphic information content(PIC)value of 0.3190,indicating that these samples are highly heterozygous at these SNP sites.
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Review

  • A New Early Maturing Pear Cultivar ‘Huixiang’
  • JIA Bing, LIU Li, YE Zhen-Feng, HENG Wei, ZHANG Shui-Ming, LIU Pu, ZHU Li-Wu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 793-794.
  • Abstract ( 1442 ) HTML ( 958 ) PDF (158KB) ( 958 )    
  • ‘Huixiang’is a new early maturing pear cultivar selected from the mutant of‘Qingxiang’pear. It matured about 7 days earlier than ‘Qingxiang’ pear. The fruit shape is wide-ovate and fruit-shape index is 0.97. The average fruit weight is 228.0 g. The content of soluble solids,total acid and vitamin C is 11.1%,0.88% and 2.2 mg · kg-1 respectively. The flesh is juicy and delicious,it has a little sclereid. Its integrated traits are better than that of‘Qingxiang’pear.
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New Cultivars

  • A New Mid-ripening Nectarine Cultivar ‘Ruiguang 33’
  • GUO Ji-Ying, JIANG Quan, ZHAO Jian-Bo, CHEN Qing-Hua, LI Xin-Yue, YU Guang-Shui, REN Fei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 795-796.
  • Abstract ( 1410 ) HTML ( 906 ) PDF (653KB) ( 906 )    
  • ‘Ruiguang 33’ is a mid-ripening nectarine[Prunus persica var. nectarina(Ait.) Maxim]cultivar derived from the cross of ‘Jingyu’ × ‘Ruiguang 3’ .  The flower is showy without pollen. The fruit development period is 101 days. Its average fruit weight is 271 g,and the biggest one is 515 g. The fruit is round with red blush;The flesh is white,melting,sweet and clingstone. The soluble solids content is 12.8%. It has high yield.
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  • A New Myrobalan Plum Cultivar ‘Senguo Honglu’
  • JI Xiao-Hao, MAO Zhi-Quan, ZHANG Rui, KUANG Lin-Guang, WANG Yan, ZHANG Yan-Min, CHEN Xue-Sen
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 797-798.
  • Abstract ( 1671 ) HTML ( 934 ) PDF (143KB) ( 934 )    
  • ‘Senguo Honglu’was selected from the open-pollinated seedlings of wild myrobalan plum in allopatric conserving garden. The trees are spreding and branch weeping with high productive. Its fruit is nearly round. The average fruit weight is 18.89 g,the biggest is 22.88 g. It has a yellow background color,covered with red and even purple,covered with fruit powder. The flesh is yellow,delicate and juicy. The soluble solids content is 12%,total sugar of 127.35 mg · g-1 FW,total acid of 4.14 mg · g-1 FW. Acid-sweet and flavor is unique. The fruit development period is about 105 days. It ripens in early August in Jiaozhou of Qingdao.
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  • A New Early-maturing Sweet Cherry Cultivar ‘Taishan Micui’
  • ZHANG Yan-Min, MAO Zhi-Quan, CHEN Xiao-Liu, ZHANG Rui, JI Xiao-Hao, FENG Shou-Qian, CHEN Xue-Sen
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 799-800.
  • Abstract ( 1966 ) HTML ( 1237 ) PDF (148KB) ( 1237 )    
  • ‘Taishan Micui’is a new early-maturing sweet cherry cultivar selected from the hybrid seedlings from embryo culture of‘Jueze’sweet cherry cultivar,which were introduced from Ukraine. The fruit is mostly heart-shaped. Its average fruit weight is 7.8 g,the biggest is 10.2 g. It has a yellow background color,covered with red;The flesh is yellow,melting and juicy. The soluble solids content is 20.6%,2–3 percent higher than‘Hongdeng’. It has good quality. The fruit development period is about 40–45 days. It ripens in late May in Tai’an,Shandong,3–5 days later than‘Hongdeng’.
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  • A Late-ripening Grape Cultivar ‘Jintian Meizhi’
  • WANG Na, XIANG Dian-Fang, QIN Zi-Yu, LI Shao-Xing, LUO Shu-Xiang, LIU Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 801-802.
  • Abstract ( 1714 ) HTML ( 1351 ) PDF (182KB) ( 1351 )    
  • ‘Jintian Meizhi’is an interspecific late-ripening hybrid cultivar derived from Niunai (maternal plant)and Minicure Finger(paternal plant). Its fruit cluster weighs 802. 0 g in average. Its berry is long ellipsoid in shape,vermeil. The average mass of single berry is 10.5 g. The soluble solids content of berries is 19.0%. The quality is excellent. The fructescence is from late September to early October in east Hebei Province.
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  • An Overwintering Spring Cabbage Cultivar ‘Sugan 20’
  • WANG Shen-Yun, WANG Hong, LI Jian-Bin, YU Li, DING Wan-Xia
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 805-806.
  • Abstract ( 1210 ) HTML ( 734 ) PDF (152KB) ( 734 )    
  • ‘Sugan 20’ is an overwintering spring early-maturing cabbage hybrid which developed by crossing self-incompatible lines ‘Y9805’ and ‘99132’. The overwintering growth period is about 145 days. It is tolerant to cold,and premature bolting. The expansion is about 49.9 cm × 50.3 cm. The growth is strong,the leaves are pale green,wax powder is secondary,the head is bovine heart-shaped,average head weight is about 1.0 kg,with tender leaves and good quality. The yield is about45 000 kg · hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in the south of China,especially the Yangtze River.
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  • A New Hot Pepper Cultivar ‘Hangjiao 7’ for Dry Fruit Production
  • HUO Jian-Tai, LI Xiao-Feng, LUO Ai-Yu, YUAN Hui, ZHANG Jian-Dong, LI Xiang-Rong, LI Ya-Li, HU Xiao-Ming, GAO Yan-Hui, PU Yong-Hong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 807-808.
  • Abstract ( 1867 ) HTML ( 886 ) PDF (164KB) ( 886 )    
  • ‘Hangjiao 7’is a new hot pepper hybrid for dry fruit production. The fruit is linear shaped. The dry pepper is purplish red and bright,the fruit is 18.0 cm × 1.1 cmin size. Single dry fruit weights about 2.6 g. The fruit is wrinkle-skinned,strong pungent. It has good marketability and good flavor. This cultivar is tolerant to barren,salt,high temperature and drought,resistant to epidemics and viruses. The yield of dry hot pepper is up to 5 600 kg · hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in open field in the northof China.
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  • A New Cultivar of Lilium Asiatic Hybrid ‘Water Lily Dew’
  • XI Meng-Li, WU Zhu-Hua, FU Wei, QI Fu-Juan, ZHANG Rui-Jing, SHI Ji-Sen
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(4): 811-812.
  • Abstract ( 1451 ) HTML ( 971 ) PDF (140KB) ( 971 )    
  • Water Lily Dew’is a new triploid cultivar derived from crossing‘Golden Horn’,a diploid Asiatic lily,as female parents and‘Brunello’,a tetraploid Asiatic lily,as male parents.It has bright orange-red flowers with thick petals and some purple-brown speckles. Their filaments and styles are orange,and their pollen is black brown. The average height of the plants is 75–80 cm,and the average flower is 14–15 cm in diameter. Further more,‘Water Lily Dew’is triploid with strong growing vigor and high complex resistance to main disease. It is suitable for planting in eastern China.
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