‘Zhongtaohuangjinmi No. 5’is a new cultivar of late-ripening yellow flesh peach bred by artificial pollination. The flower is bell-shaped，pollen-rich，with high natural fruit set rate. The fruit is round. The weight of single fruit is 281–392 g. More than 80% of the fruit surface is yellow at maturity. The flesh is yellow，melting，sweet，with soluble solids content of 14.5%–15.5% and clingstone. Fruit development period is about 142 d. It is very productive，yielding about 37 500 kg · hm-2 at full fruit stage.

‘Chutian 1’is a new early-ripenging nectarine cultivar with small fruit and high sweetness，which is derived the cross of‘Fengguang’and‘070507’（Tianxianhong × Zhongyou 5）. The fruit shape is round，and the average fruit weight is 82 g，the maximum single fruit weight is 130 g. The flesh is white，crisp and very sweet，with 12%–14% soluble solids content and 0.22%–0.29% titratable acid content. The stone is freestone and has nonshowy flowers，with high and steady yield. The maturity date is early-June in Wuhan area，the average yield is 30 000 kg · hm-2. 

To study the change of freezing tolerance and its physiological basis of annual shoots of ‘Taishanhong’‘Luqing 1’and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’pomegranates during overwintering，the cold hardiness was estimated by the semi-lethal temperature（LT₅₀），which was assessed by electrolyte leakage rate with Logistic quation，the content of relative water，soluble protein，soluble sugar，malondialdehyde（MDA），activities of peroxidase（POD）and superoxidase（SOD），field overwintering rate，botanical characteristics of shoots，and the recovery ability of branches after freezing stress were measured. The results showed that the significant differences in cold resistance among three pomegranate cultivars. The overwintering rate of‘Luqing 1’was much higher than those of‘Taishanhong’and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’，and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’was the worst. Compared with‘Tunisia Soft Seed’，the shoots of‘Luqing 1’ were thick，hard，with short internodes，the spiness were also strong and hard. Sealing layers of lenticle were rich and tight. The changes of physiological indexes of‘Luqing 1’were relatively small after low temperature treatment. MDA content was low，soluble proteins content and POD activity were high. The osmotic pressure and redox balance of‘Luqing 1’could be maintained well，so its cold resistance much better than that of‘Tunisan Soft Seed’.

In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

In this study，ninety apple cultivars were used as experimental materials to evaluate cold tolerance by a relative electrical conductivity test. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted on 1 247 162 SNPs detected in apple accessions by genome resequencing technology，and candidate genes significantly associated with cold tolerance were selected. Three cultivars with the strongest cold tolerance were identified，and their relative electrical conductivity was all less than 40%，which were‘Jinhong’，‘Ederbostdorf’and‘Haralson’. Based on the association analysis using 1 247 162 high-quality SNPs and index of relative electrical conductivity characterizing cold tolerance，five significant correlated loci related to cold tolerance were identified，which were distributed on chromosome 4，15，and 16，respectively. Three candidate genes TIF3B1（MD04G1241100），COR47（MD15G1003900），and MD16G1069900 closely related to cold stress tolerance were identified.

‘Zijin Hongxia’is a new early-ripening table grape cultivar. The berry ripens in late July in Nanjing，Jiangsu. It was selected from progenies of the cross‘Yatomi Rosa’בXiangfei’. The cluster is cone with an average weight 520 g，and single berry is elliptic with average weight 9.2 g. The color of skin is red-violet and thickness of bloom is thick. The flesh is slight crisp and the must is high with particular weak muscat flavor. The soluble solids content is 18.3% and titrate acid content is 0.30%. ‘Zijin Hongxia’is characterized by good berry quality and showed high and stable yield.‘Zijin Hongxia’ performed well in Jiangsu Province and its surrounding area

The differentiation period of flower buds in different horticultural plants is slightly different，and the differentiation time is different. The internal factors affecting flower bud differentiation include endogenous hormones and nutrients. Endogenous hormones mainly include auxin，gibberellin，abscisic acid and cytokinin. Light，temperature，moisture and mineral nutrition can affect the flowering of horticultural plants by regulating hormone levels. Flower bud differentiation mechanism includes the C/N ratio theory，hormone balance hypothesis，hormone signal regulation hypothesis and nutrition hypothesis. At the same time，with the further study of flower bud differentiation in horticultural plants，researchers have found that the process of flower bud differentiation is related to the expression of related genes. This paper reviewed the research progress on flower bud differentiation of horticultural plants in recent years， and looked forward to the main research directions in the future.

Sunburn is a common physiological disorder in citrus production，but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The study was carried out at Fenghuang Mountain，Banyue Town，Dangyang City，Hubei Province in 2021. Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu Marc.）and Ponkan（C. reticulata）were used as experimental materials to investigate the difference in sunburn and potential mechanisms by examining peel injury degree，performing cytological observation，measuring antioxidant content and gene expression levels. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin was more susceptible to sunburn than Ponkan. Significant difference in the incidence rates of sunburn was observed between the two varieties，43.12% for Satsuma mandarin and 22.52% for Ponkan. Sunburn seriously influenced the compactness of pericarp cells and resulted in the accumulation of lignin. Satsuma mandarin fruits were found to accumulate greater level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. In addition，nobiletin，a critical metabolite in the polymethoxyflavone metabolic pathway，was significantly enriched in Ponkan fruit peel. Consistently，transcript levels of CrCHS2，CrCHI and CrFNS，encoding crucial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid，and CrOMT2 in the polymethoxyflavone pathway were significantly induced in the sunburnned Ponkan fruit peel. Taken together，these findings indicate that the main reason for the difference in sunburn between Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan is that the latter contains more antioxidant that can effectively decrease the ROS accumulation，thus leading to mitigation of sunburn-derived damage.

Using‘Zhangshugang’pepper suitable for fresh and immature fruits as experimental material the changes of shape，firmness，tissue structure，main nutrients，cell wall substances，capsaicinoids and volatile components of fruit during fruit development were investigated，and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of quality characteristics was carried out to clarify the key factors affecting the quality. The results showed that the longitudinal diameter，transverse diameter，single fruit weight，flesh thickness，fruit firmness and cuticle thickness of fruit increased gradually from the development of pepper fruits to the colour change stage. The number of pericarp cell layers did not change，and the volume of parenchyma cells increased resulting in the thickening of flesh. The contents of soluble protein showed a‘U-shaped’change with fruit development；soluble sugar and vitamin C showed an overall increasing trend；the total pectin content increased first and then decreased. The content of cellulose and hemicellulose showed a decreasing-rising-decreasing-rising trend，and the content of cellulose and hemicellulose was the lowest at 15 days after flowering. Capsaicinoids content increased rapidly in the early stage of development. A total of 158 volatile constituents were detected during pepper fruit development，dominated by terpenes，esters，heterocyclic compounds，hydrocarbons，ketones，alcohols，and aldehydes，with an increase in terpenes，esters，hydrocarbons，ketones，and aldehydes， from 10 to 25 d after flowering. Therefore，low fruit firmness，thin cuticle，moderate spiciness，low content of cellulose and total pectin content，and relatively high volatile componentsmay be the main reasons for the excellent taste of fresh and immature pepper. In addition，the results of principal component analysis showed that soluble protein content was also one of the important factors affecting the quality of ‘Zhangshugang’ pepper.

‘Yanqingyu’，a new early-ripening green apple cultivar，is derived from the cross between ‘Jinshuai’and‘Lanpengwang’. The fruit is nearly round with the fruit shape index of 0.85 and an average single fruit weight of 226.5 g；The peel is green and smooth without rust. The flesh is yellow white，crisp， rich in flavor. The hardness is 8.4 kg · cm-2，the soluble solids content is 14.2%，the vitamin C content is 31.9 mg · kg-1，and the titratable acid content is 0.28%. In the Yantai area of Shandong Province，the fruit ripens in late August，with a fruit development period of about 120 days and an average yield of 4 000 kg · hm-2. It has strong disease resistance，high resistance to apple trunk ring and rot disease，and is suitable for baggless cultivation. 

‘Qinfu 1’is a bud sport strain selected and bred from‘Karakida Fuji’. The skin of the fruit is easy coloring；the yield and quality of this cultivar are excellent，and the resistance to apple ring rot disease is very strong. The fruit is oblong with a fruit shape index of 0.88 and an average fruit weight of 320 g. The flesh is milky yellow，fine and brittle，with rich flavor，18% soluble solids content，0.21% titratable acidity，and 8.6 kg · cm-2 of average peeling hardness. It has good compatibility with dwarf intermediate rootstocks such as CG80 and M26，and can bear fruit on long，medium and short branches. It can be cultivated without bagging. It is a new late ripening apple cultivar，matured in early November in Qingdao. The yield is 60 000 kg · hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in Jiaodong Peninsula and other regions.

The Phalaenopsis cultivar‘Yufen’with pink flower is bred by crossing female Phal.‘Wedding Promenade’and male Phal.‘Lucky Angel’. The number of pedicels per plant was 1.4，there are 7.8 flowers in the main inflorescence and 12.6 flowers on the whole，the length of flower branches was 38.2 cm，the diameter of flower was 5.3 cm and the flower color is pink with round and good design.

‘Yangguang 1’（Citrus reticulata Blanco），developed by a crossing of‘Hongmeiren’（Ehime Kashi 28）as seed parent with‘Haruka’as pollen parent，is a monoembryonic and sterile line showing seedless and male-aborted. It is vigorous with high fruit-setting rate. The leaves have smooth surface with acute apex. The fruits are smooth and high flat-round in shape. The pulp is light orange in colour，crispy and tender. Single fruit weights 240-270 g in weight with 13.0%-15.0% total soluble solids，0.65% titratable acidity and 435.0 mg · L^-1 Vitamin C. In Chongqing，it matures in late November. The fruits are tolerant to storage and transportation，but tend to be suffered from high fruit cracking rate in the open field，so this cultivar is suitable for cultivation in greenhouse facilities. With annual yield of 26 300-27 500 kg · hm^-2，the major production regions include the dry-hot river valleys of Yunnan，plain/hilly area in Sichuan and western Hunan region.

Non heading Chinese cabbage‘Xiakang 718’is F1 hybrid bred by using self incompatible line QS078 as female parent and self incompatible line QS121 as male parent. The plant height is 25.7 cm， and the spread is 32.5 cm × 31.7 cm，the leaves are oval，dark green and flat. The single plant weight is about 0.06–0.07 kg，the average yield is 56 000 kg · hm-2. It has good comprehensive performance in the field，strong heat resistance and excellent quality. It is suitable for open field close planting in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Basin in China.

‘Hangqie 2010’is a mid early-maturing cultivar of purple long eggplant with HE6-2-3-2-7-4 as female parent and 06-E417 as male parent. The plant type is upright and compact，with strong growth，the plant is 80 cm in height，with the 11–12th node of the first flower. The fruit is straight， 30–35 cm in length，2.2–2.4 cm in width，90 g in weight，and about 40 fruits per plant on average. The fruit surface is smooth，purple and bright，with good glossiness. The flesh is white，tender and glutinous， with good quality. High commodity rate，strong resistance，sustained fruiting nice，long harvest period， easy cultivation，with a yield of more than 67 500 kg · hm-2. It’s suitable for Zhejiang Province protected and open-field cultivation.

In order to clarify the effects of Bacillus megaterium on the growth of apple（Malus × domestica）trees and the ecological effects of the soil，a field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of B. megaterium application on the growth of new branches，the yield and quality of apple fruits，and the characteristics of soil microbial community using 16 years-old‘Red Fuji’apple trees. The results showed that the growth rate of new branches in 2021 and 2022 were increased by 3.45% and 17.01% within compared with the control 30 d，respectively（P < 0.05），and by 2.58% and 6.71% within 60 d，respectively（P < 0.05），after application of B. megaterium inoculant to apple trees in spring. Moreover，the yield increased by 7.17% and 7.01% respectively（P < 0.05）；the fruits number per plant were increased by 4.95% in 2021（P < 0.05），in the treatment group of 2021 and 2022，but application of B. megaterium inoculant had no significant effect on the fruit shape index，hardness of fruits，and the contents of soluble sugar，soluble solids，and vitamin C in apple fruits. In 2022，the fruit color related indexes of the treatment group，Red-Green Index a^* is lower and Chroma angle h is higher than those of the control group，and there were no significant differences in 2021. Furthermore，the number of fungi in the soil layer of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm decreased，while the number of bacteria showed the opposite trend. There was no significant difference in α-diversity of soil fungal and bacterial communities in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. For the soil fungal community at genus level，the relative abundances of Trichocladium，Solicocozyma，Naganishia and Ilyoctria in the treatment 1.87，1.92，2.91 and 3.38 times higher than those in the control；The relative abundances of Tausonia and Cephalotrichum were 76.44% and 67.96% of that in the control，respectively（P < 0.05）. For the soil bacterial community at genus level，the relative abundances of Streptomyces and Gemmatimonas in the treatment were 2.65- and 1.33-fold of that in the control，but the relative abundance of Chujaibacter was 48.88% lower than that of the control（P < 0.05）. The number of bacteria and fungi OTU in the rhizosphere of the treatment changed significantly compared with the control；Additionally，the contents of soil available phosphorus and potassium in the rhizosphere of the treatment were 21.87% and 20.81%；5.14% and 5.31%，respectively（P < 0.05），which are higher than those in the control（P < 0.05）. In summary，the application of B. megaterium inoculant to apple trees in spring can inhibit harmful soil fungi，improve the structure and quantity of soil microbial community，mobilize soil phosphorus and potassium，and promote the growth of apple tree and apple fruits yield.

‘Jinjiao 2’is a new mid-ripe hybrid chili pepper cultivar with inbred lines Jinjiao 1A as its female parent and F912 as its male parent. The plant of‘Jinjiao 2’has a strong growth vigor and 180 days growing period. The fruit is sheep-horn shaped and its single weight is 4.5-5.0 g. The unmatured fruit is green in color and matured one is red. Besides，the capsaicin content is 0.18%，vitamin C content is 767.2 mg · kg^-1. This cultivar is medium resistance to viral disease，epidemic disease and anthracnose disease. ‘Jinjiao 2’can achieved a yield of about 28 380 kg · hm^-2 and is suitable for spring cultivation in protected and open fields in Zhejiang and other similar areas.

Eighteen F₁ hybrids from three cross combinations of Hemerocallis and their parents were used as materials，and the floral volatiles were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by headspace solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS）. Relative release rate of the two main flora volatiles which decide the fragrance and the total floral volatiles of the tested materials were analyzed. One-way SIMPER analysis was performed to figure out the percentage of similarity with parents. Result showed that：（1）The composition and content of the floral volatiles of the F₁hybrids of the three hybrid combinations were similar to their parents，when the female parent is the same，the higher the relative release rate of the floral volatiles of the male parent，the higher the relative release rate of the floral volatiles of its F₁ hybrids；（2）If the main floral volatile of the hybrid parents were (E)-β-ocimene，the F₁ hybrids also contained higher amount of (E)-β-ocimene and the content of which was between the two parents，and the total amount of flora volatiles was also between the two parents；if the main flora volatiles of the parents contained both (E)-β-ocimene and linalool，the content of (E)-β-ocimene in some of the F₁ hybrids were higher than or similar to that of the parents，while the content of linalool was between the two parents，the total amount of floral volatiles was basically higher than that of the two parents；（3）Wild species with intense fragrance crossed with cultivars with no significant fragrance could breed fragrant F₁ hybrids，so they are good germplasm resources to breed fragrant daylilies.

A new tree peony cultivar Paeonia suffruticosa‘Lan Xi’is derived from the cross between pod parent P. suffruticosa‘Qingcuilan’and pollen parent P. suffruticosa‘Kamatafuji’. The plant is upright and has good growth potential. The buds are full rounded. The flower is full-double，pink-blue （RHS：N74C）in color and purple-red（RHS：59C）at petal base. The plant has an early-mid flowering period and blooms again in autumn. It is suitable to be promoted in the main peony production areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. 

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus（ToBRFV）belongs to the genus of Tobamovirus and the family of Virgaviridae，which is an RNA virus. It can infect plants from various families and genera，including tomato，posing a serious threat to agricultural production. It was first discovered in Israel in 2014 and subsequently spread to many countries and regions around the world. In April 2021，the virus was as a quarantine virus in China. In this article，the genome structure，host range，symptoms，mode of transmission，detection methods，host resistance and defense measures of the virus were summarized，in order to provide reference for the fight against ToBRFV.