In order to understand the genetic diversity of loquat（Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.） in view of domestication of wild loquat，the sequences of loci cpDNA^TrnS-TrnG and cpDNA^TrnQ-rps16 of 55 accessions cultivated and some wild loquats collected from different locations were analyzed and compared in this studies. No nucleotide polymorphism was found in cultivated population. However，one indel/insert and two substitutes appeared in the segment of cpDNA^TrnS-TrnG，and three mutants and two indel/inserts appeared in the segment of cpDNA^TrnQ-rps16 of wild populations. The results implied very low genetic diversity existed in cultivated population of loquat induced by the severe genetic bottleneck generated during the process of domestication of cultivated loquat.

The new grape variety‘90- 1’ was selected from the bud mutation of 􀀂 Zhana . The strong early maturity is the most striking characteristics besides the high quality and high yield, and is suitable for protected production. It ripens at the end of June in Luoyang area. Fruit growth period is 35 days.

BoFLC3 gene from Brassica oleracea and AtFT gene from Arabidopsis were overexpressed alone or together in Brassica juncea. The results showed constitutive expression of the BoFLC3 gene in Brassica juncea significantly delayed flowering under long-day photoperiods as well as short-day photoperiods. Vernalization treatment induced earlier flowering of BoFLC3 overexpression plants than unvernalized transgenic control but still were flowering later than the wild type plants; the overexpression of the AtFT gene could induce early flowering in Brassica juncea. The flowering time of BoFLC3 and AtFT genes co-expression plants after cross were almost at the same time compared with the wild type plants，indicated the effects of the over-expression of the BoFLC3 and AtFT genes on flowering time could cancel each other out. Moreover，the cold-tolerance was enhanced by constitutive expression of the BoFLC3 gene in Brassica juncea，but no cold-tolerance changes were observed in AtFT overexpression plants. The results indicated the BoFLC3 should involve in plant cold-tolerance regulation.

Caffeine is one of the most important purine alkaloids，as it plays an important role in
flavor of tea. It’s of great importance to study the caffeine biosynthesis pathway of tea plant. The primers
were designed based on TIDH（which codes for inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase，a key gene in
the caffeine biosynthesis pathway of tea plant）cDNA from the NCBI. One internal fragment of TIDH
genomic DNA was cloned（4 172 bp，TIDH3）. A set of 95 accessions which are typical in caffeine content
was selected from the core collection of Chinese tea germplasm previously established. The caffeine
content of two seasons of spring and autumn in two years was tested by HPLC. The result showed the
caffeine content of most germplasms was 2.50%–4.50%，the average content was 3.50%. The coefficient
of variation is 15.52%–19.25%，which means that the caffeine content of tea is stable between different
years or seasons. A 759 bp genomic DNA fragment of TIDH3 was cloned，sequenced and analyzed. The
average nucleotide diversity for the sequenced region was calculated to be πT = 0.06 and θW = 0.012. The
diversity at synonymous sites，π_syn = 0.009，was higher than diversity at non-synonymous sites，πnonsyn =
0.006. The ratio of Ka/Ks was 0.600（lower than 1.0），indicating the action of purifying selection. The
linkage disequilibrium（LD）of SNPs in TIDH3 was detected and the result showed that LD declined
rapidly within the gene region（the value of r2 reduced to 0.2 in 300 bp）. By means of association analysis，
two SNPs were found to be significantly correlated with caffeine content，their genetic effect values were
10.43% and 5.68%，respectively.

The three-year old potted trees of Malus hupehensis（Pamp）Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang were irrigated with water solution of 2,4-D to investigate the characteristics of cell death and the expression of anti-apoptotic genes of new roots（extensive roots and absorbing roots）. The result showed that the new roots’ cell death quantity and caspase-like 3/7 activity increased first and then fell in the 70 days after the treatment of 60 mg · L^-1 2,4-D，however，the ATP content and the root activity changed in the contrary trend. After the treatment，the expression of anti-apoptotic genes MhHSP70，MhBI-1，MhBAG were induced and the expression levels of MhBAG first decreased then increased，however MhHSP70 and MhBI-1 increased first，and then decreased later. At the same time，the change range of cell death quantity and caspase-like 3/7 activity and the rising range of MhHSP70 and MhBI-1 expression levels in absorbing roots were greater than that in extensive roots in the early stage of the 2,4-D treatment，which showed that absorbing roots had higher sensitivity to 2,4-D than extensive roots. When at peak value，the expression levels rising times of anti-apoptotic genes in extensive roots were significantly higher than that in absorbing roots，which indicated that the extensive roots had stronger anti-apoptotic ability than absorbing roots.

‘Bixiang Wuhe’is a new cultivar of very rareripe and without nucleus grape cultivated as 1851×Shaba Pearl. Per ear weight is 600g, per grain weight is 4 g, the content of solubility solid is 22%-28%, with very dense Rose fragrance, very sweet and very good quality; The color of fruit rind is yellow-green, and crisp pulp can be cut thin flake; The period of blooming and bearing fruit are all early, the ability of bearing fruit is strong.

‘Elian 7’（also named‘Pearl Lotus Root’）is a new early-maturing lotus root cultivar selected from the self-pollinated progenies of‘Elian 5’by Wuhan Vegetable Research Institute. The enlarged internodes are in short-tubular shape，which have yellowish-white smooth skin and thick flesh. The top internode’s shape of the enlarged rhizome is obtuse. The single entire enlarged rhizome weighs 2.5 kg while its main enlarged rhizome has 5–7 internodes and weighs 1.6 kg averagely. The yield of green-leaf rhizome is about 15 000 kg • hm-2 in mid-July and that of matured rhizome is about 28 500 kg • hm-2 in early-September. The advantages of this cultivar are early maturing，high yield and good commercial qualities.

‘Ningyu’is a new，early-maturing strawberry cultivar derived from ‘Sachinoka’בAkihime’，with disease resisitance. The fruit is cone-shaped and uniform，with the average fruit of its first-second grade weight 24.5 g，the maxmum 52.9 g. It has red color，excellent flavor，bright luster and high yield. The soluble solids content is 10.7%，the total sugar content is 7.384%，the titratable acid content is 0.518% and the vitamin C content is 0.762 mg · g-1. The fruit firmness is 1.63 kg · cm-2. 　

To identify molecular markers linked to pcDw gene determining the dwarf character of pear tree, a population of 111 individuals from the cross of 'Aihuali'(Pyrus communis L.)×'Chili'(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) was tested using 412 random primers by the way of bulked segregate analysis(BSA). A RAPD marker, _S1172-940, linked to pcDw gene at a distance of 8.3 cM, was detected. This RAPD marker was converted into a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker, SCAR_-940, which would provide an effective tool for marker assisted selection for the dwarf trait.

In this study, the extraction efficacity of solvent type and precision of determining-methods for anthocyanins in fruits were compared. Five solvents, acetone:water:formic acid (A), acetonitrile:acetic acid (B), ethanol:water:acetic acid (C), methanol:water:acetic acid (D), and methanol:HCl (E) were used to extract anthocyanins in strawberry and blueberry fruits and the anthocyanin content in the extracts was determined with colorimetry and HPLC. The results showed that extraction efficiency varied among the solvents with different organic-solvent and acid-type. In strawberries, the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin with D was best, followed by E, C, and A. However, B was the worst to extract the anthocyanin, with its value being less than 1/3 that obtained using the extract containing D. A similar tendency was found in blueberries. The anthocyanin contents determined by colorimetry with extracts containing D, E, and C in both fruits were respectively lower than that shown by HPLC. But, the value was obtained by colorimetry with extracts containing B was 2-fold to that by HPLC. In blueberries, obvious differences were not found in the results obtained using the extract containing A employing both methods, although in strawberries the anthocyanin content determined using the spectrophotometric method was higher by about 50% than with those obtained using HPLC. These results suggest that the HPLC method should be utilized to determine the anthocyanin content and that the colorimetry could be used to compare samples from the same kind of fruit, especially, using a low boiling-point alcohol as a solvent.

‘Zhongyoutao 4’is an early-mature nectarine variety with yellow flesh, pleasant aroma and high quality. The fruits , covered by brightly red color , are ellipse or nearly round , and resistant to dehiscence. The single fruit mass 116 - 145 g with soluble solid content 11 % - 15 %. Fruit development period ( FDP) is 72 days. It is very productive.

Chuanzao 1’is a new early-fruiting walnut cultivar derived from the cross‘Yunxin 7926’בXiazao’. The nut is large and round，with the smooth surface. The shell thickness is 0.9 cm，and kernel percentage is 51.6%. The total fat content is 72.14%，and total protein content is 16.80%. The grafted seedlings could flower and fruit after planting half a year. The production of its 5-year-old crown projection area is 595 g · m-2. This early-maturing cultivar has high yield and strong fruiting ability. Meanwhile，it has good adaptability resistance to drought，wind，dust，disease and insects.

‘Guinong 5’is a new Rosa roxburghii cultivar which selected from a good plant clons of wild Rosa roxburghii in Guizhou. The fruit is oblate with soft prickle，olden yellow. The average fruit weight is 18.5 g. The largest fruit weight is 25 g. The fruit juice out of rat and soluble solids content are 68% and 13%，respectively. The vitamin C content is 21.85–22.54 mg · g-1 in fresh pulp. The fruit matured in middle late August in the mid-area of Guizhou Province. It has excellent adaptability，resistance to disease and high yield.

Solanine was extracted from peel of a potato variety ‘Zhong Shu 3’ by using microwave and ethanol/acetic acid solvent. Crude extract was further purified and then qualified by HPLC. The optimized extraction parameters were obtained through a 4 factor, 3 level orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the use of microwave not only increased the extraction efficiency but also reduced the extraction time. The best extraction procedure obtained from the orthogonal experiment was first to mix peel powder with ethanol/acetic acid (100/10,V/V) solvent at the ratio of 10 g of powder to 200 g·ml^-1 solvent, and then subject the mix to microwave irradiation for 6 min at the power level of 540 W.

J inxiangyu is a new mini2pumpkin hybrid cultivarwith good quality and special characters. It
is early maturing, the harvesting time is about 35 d after flowering. It is good in setting fruit, each p lant can
set 5 - 8 fruits, each fruit is about 250 - 300 g. The fruit is pyramid in shape, light yellow and has 9 or 10
dark yellow shallow channels on its surface, flesh color is dark yellow, with good taste after cooking. This cul
tivar is suitable for p lanting in plastic greenhouse in southern and northern China.

The seedlings of six varieties of Chinese cabbage with different coldness were treated at low temperature for 0, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43 d respectively, the time of bud emerging of them were investigated and compared, the results showed that the requirement of low temperature treatment days for vernalization is dependended on the coldness of variety, the weaker of coldness, the shorter of low temperature treatment is needed, the requirement range is from 8 days to more than 29 days respectively. As the low temperature treatment days is increased, the floral bud is emerging earlier; the duration for all plant emerging bud is shorted. It was found that the light during low temperature treatment is needed for vernalization, the plant do not produce floral buds even treated for 29 d under dark condition. When the different coldness varieties with different seedling age were treated at 4—5 ℃ for 25 days, it was found that the sensitivity to low temperature for vernalization is 4—5 leaves seedling>2—3 leaves seedling>7—8 leaves seedling, such as the time of bud emerging is earliest in 4-5 leaves seedling，latest in 7—8 leaves seedling for weaker coldness varieties, and the days for all plant producing bud is shortest in 4—5 leaves seedling, and longest in 7-8 leaves seedling for all various coldness varieties.

‘Zhongyoutao 8’is a late-maturing nectarine cultivar bred by artificial pollination. The flower is nonshowy with much pollen. It’s self-fruitful and the yield is high and stable. Its fruit is round，with the average fruit weight 180–200 g and fully covered by deep red color. Its flesh is yellow，melting. The soluble solids content and total titratable acid content are 13%–16% and 0.41%，respectively. The stone is cling. The fruit development period is about 125 days. It ripens in early August in Zhengzhou，China.

The effects of three plant growth retardants paclobutrazol（PP333），uniconazole（S3307） and chlorcholinchlorid（CCC） and two methods of application（foliar spray and root drench） were studied on Zamioculcasz amiifolia plants of ages one，two and three years. PP333 and S3307 both significantly inhibited growth and their effects increased as the concentration applied increased. However，CCC did not significantly inhibit growth. PP333 reduced the average total length of leaf stalks，minimized the length petiolules（i.e. the stalk between leaflets）；shortened and thickened the petioles and also reduced the comparative growth speed of compound leaves. The optimal concentration of PP333 at different ages of Z. amiifolia varied with individual plant biomass. In contrast，the main effects of S3307 were on shortening and thickening petioles. Overall，the best control growth control of one-year-old Z. amiifolia plants was obtained with 300 mg · L-1 of S3307 applied as a foliar spray；of two-year-old plants with 300 mg · L-1 of S3307 or 600 mg · L-1 of PP333 applied as root drench；and of three-year-old plants with 1 200 mg · L-1 of PP333 applied as foliar spray.

‘Beibinghong’is a hybrid cultivar derived from ‘Zuoyouhong’ ב84-26-53’ . The ripening time of berry is in the middle ten day of September in Jilin city area. It is round and blue-black. The average mass of a single berry is 1.30g.The fruit cluster is conical, weighing 159.5g, fruit soluble solid content is 18.9%~25.8%,fruit total acid is 1.322%~1.481% and fruit juice rate is 67.1%.frozen fruit of trees harvested in early December fruit soluble solid content is 35.2%～37.0%,fruit total acid is 1.341%～1.592%，fruit juice rate is 22.0%. which fruit for brewing high quality icey-red grape wine. ‘ZuoYouhong’ is high cold-resistance, high yield and high disease-resistance.

‘Zaohongtao’is an early maturing peach cultivar with 543 h chilling requirement bred by artificial pollination. The flower is showy with much pollen. It is self-fruitful and the yield is high and stable. The fruit is near round，weights 136.6 g，and fully covered by rose red when ripening. The flesh is white，melting，with 10.5% soluble solids content and 2.62% total titratable acid content. The stone is cling. The fruit development period is about 70 days. It ripens in later May-early June in Sichuan basin，China.