From“Gigantism”to Epigenetic Regulation：A Reassessment of Polyploid Effects in Horticultural Crops

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0906

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 3115-3128.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0906

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From“Gigantism”to Epigenetic Regulation：A Reassessment of Polyploid Effects in Horticultural Crops

JIN Danna, LI Rui, WU Shu, YUE Tong, YU Xiaqing^*(), and CHEN Jinfeng

State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement， College of Horticulture，Nanjing Agricultural University， Nanjing 210095， China

Received:2026-01-03 Revised:2026-08-27 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-10-26
Contact: YU Xiaqing

Abstract

Abstract:

Polyploidization，as an important approach for crop genetic improvement，has been increasingly applied to the optimization of traits in horticultural crops. However，the effects of polyploidization are dual：on one hand，it maybe leads to organ“gigantism”，while on the other hand，it can cause growth inhibition and reduced fertility in crops. Currently，the mechanisms by which polyploidization promotes or inhibits organ development remain controversial and have become a key scientific issue in the genetic improvement of horticultural crops. In this article，the patterns of organ phenotypic variation in polyploids and explores the underlying genomic and epigenetic regulatory bases from the perspectives of cytogenomic remodeling and phenotypic plasticity were systematically reviewed. It also envisions future research directions in precise polyploid regulation and germplasm innovation，aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and application of polyploid breeding in horticultural crops.

Key words: horticultural crops, polyploidy, genome, organ, quality

CLC Number:

JIN Danna, LI Rui, WU Shu, YUE Tong, YU Xiaqing, and CHEN Jinfeng. From“Gigantism”to Epigenetic Regulation：A Reassessment of Polyploid Effects in Horticultural Crops[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(10): 3115-3128.

Figures/Tables 3

References 87

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变异器官类型 Variant organ type	表型变化类型 Types of phenotypic changes	植物种类 Plant species	参考文献 Reference
根 Root	根系增粗、侧根增多、变态根膨大 Thickened roots，increased lateral roots，enlarged modified roots	葡萄 Vitis vinifera L.	刘牧青等,2024
		萝卜 Raphanus sativus L．	吕炜等,2016
		兰州百合 Lilium davidii var. unicolor	符勇耀等,2024
		酸橙 Citrus aurantium L.	任可心等,2022
茎、叶 Stems and leaves	茎秆增粗、节间缩短、叶片变大增厚、变态茎膨大 Stem thickening，shorter internodes，larger and thicker leaves，swollen modified stems	黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	刘美妍等,2021
		鹤顶兰 Phaius tankervilleae	李豆豆等,2013
		荆芥 Nepeta cataria L.	齐琳琳等,2024
		白菜 Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel	宋莹等,2022
		滇丁香 Luculia pinciana	王乐乐等,2024
		菊苣 Cichorium intybus L.	赵建华等,2021
花 Flower	花径增加、花筒花柄花柱变长、花瓣变大增厚、花粉败育、性状变异 Increased flower diameter，elongated corolla tube，pedicel，and style，enlarged and thickened petals，Pollen abortion	矮牵牛 Petunia hybrida Vilm.	段九菊等,2016
		草棉 Gossypium herbaceum	荣二花等,2023
		万寿菊 Tagetes erecta L.	陈建新等,2022
		一串红 Salvia splendens Ker Gawl.	孔维一等,2018
		柑橘 Citrus reticulata Blanco	邓秀新,1995
		菜薹 Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee	荆禹铭等,2024
		黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	武娅歌等,2019
		蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. f.	吴婷等,2022
		丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	刘婉秋等,2021
种子、果实 Seed，fruit	种子大小增加、数量减少、粒重变化、果实变大 Increase in seed size，decrease in quantity，changes in grain weight，and enlargement	冬瓜 Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.	谢大森等,2011
		猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida	倪成凤等,2022
		西瓜 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai	陈薇薇等,2023
		辣椒 Capsicum annuum L.	成敏等,2023
		茄子 Solanum melongena L.	马士芳等,2019
		梨 Pyrus spp.	何子顺等,2016
		夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris L.	齐琳琳等,2023

变异器官类型 Variant organ type	表型变化类型 Types of phenotypic changes	植物种类 Plant species	参考文献 Reference
根 Root	根系增粗、侧根增多、变态根膨大 Thickened roots，increased lateral roots，enlarged modified roots	葡萄 Vitis vinifera L.	刘牧青等,2024
		萝卜 Raphanus sativus L．	吕炜等,2016
		兰州百合 Lilium davidii var. unicolor	符勇耀等,2024
		酸橙 Citrus aurantium L.	任可心等,2022
茎、叶 Stems and leaves	茎秆增粗、节间缩短、叶片变大增厚、变态茎膨大 Stem thickening，shorter internodes，larger and thicker leaves，swollen modified stems	黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	刘美妍等,2021
		鹤顶兰 Phaius tankervilleae	李豆豆等,2013
		荆芥 Nepeta cataria L.	齐琳琳等,2024
		白菜 Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel	宋莹等,2022
		滇丁香 Luculia pinciana	王乐乐等,2024
		菊苣 Cichorium intybus L.	赵建华等,2021
花 Flower	花径增加、花筒花柄花柱变长、花瓣变大增厚、花粉败育、性状变异 Increased flower diameter，elongated corolla tube，pedicel，and style，enlarged and thickened petals，Pollen abortion	矮牵牛 Petunia hybrida Vilm.	段九菊等,2016
		草棉 Gossypium herbaceum	荣二花等,2023
		万寿菊 Tagetes erecta L.	陈建新等,2022
		一串红 Salvia splendens Ker Gawl.	孔维一等,2018
		柑橘 Citrus reticulata Blanco	邓秀新,1995
		菜薹 Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee	荆禹铭等,2024
		黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	武娅歌等,2019
		蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. f.	吴婷等,2022
		丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	刘婉秋等,2021
种子、果实 Seed，fruit	种子大小增加、数量减少、粒重变化、果实变大 Increase in seed size，decrease in quantity，changes in grain weight，and enlargement	冬瓜 Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.	谢大森等,2011
		猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida	倪成凤等,2022
		西瓜 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai	陈薇薇等,2023
		辣椒 Capsicum annuum L.	成敏等,2023
		茄子 Solanum melongena L.	马士芳等,2019
		梨 Pyrus spp.	何子顺等,2016
		夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris L.	齐琳琳等,2023

变异器官类型 Variant organ type	表型变化类型 Types of phenotypic change	植物种类 Plant species	参考文献 Reference
叶 Leaf	叶面积减少 Reduction in leaf area	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum L.	赵申清玉等,2015
		薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx Briq.	王倩等,2023
		长春花Catharanthus roseus（L.）G. Don	夏兰,2008
		云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei Lindl.	Mo et al.,2020
		甘菊 Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium（Fisch. ex Trautv.）Makino	莫官站等,2010
果实、种子 Fruit and seed	果实变小或种子数量减少 Fruits get smaller or there are fewer seeds	水稻Oryza sativa L.	贺文婷,2020
		草莓 Fragaria × ananassa（Weston）Duchesne ex Rozier	陈孟龙,2014
		柑橘 Citrus reticulata Blanco	谢善鹏等,2022
		火龙果 Hylocereus undatus	Cohen et.al.,2013
		黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	武娅歌等,2019
		罗汉果 Siraitia grosvenorii	闫海锋等,2011

变异器官类型 Variant organ type	表型变化类型 Types of phenotypic change	植物种类 Plant species	参考文献 Reference
叶 Leaf	叶面积减少 Reduction in leaf area	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum L.	赵申清玉等,2015
		薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx Briq.	王倩等,2023
		长春花Catharanthus roseus（L.）G. Don	夏兰,2008
		云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei Lindl.	Mo et al.,2020
		甘菊 Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium（Fisch. ex Trautv.）Makino	莫官站等,2010
果实、种子 Fruit and seed	果实变小或种子数量减少 Fruits get smaller or there are fewer seeds	水稻Oryza sativa L.	贺文婷,2020
		草莓 Fragaria × ananassa（Weston）Duchesne ex Rozier	陈孟龙,2014
		柑橘 Citrus reticulata Blanco	谢善鹏等,2022
		火龙果 Hylocereus undatus	Cohen et.al.,2013
		黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	武娅歌等,2019
		罗汉果 Siraitia grosvenorii	闫海锋等,2011

From“Gigantism”to Epigenetic Regulation：A Reassessment of Polyploid Effects in Horticultural Crops

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