Identification of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi Cultivar Groups Based on Numerical Taxonomy and Whole Genome Resequencing

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0492

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (8): 2363-2380.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0492

• Genetic & Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi Cultivar Groups Based on Numerical Taxonomy and Whole Genome Resequencing

CHEN Shaomin, ZHOU Haoyang, KONG Qiusheng, LIU Xiuqun^*()

National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops， College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences，Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China

Received:2026-05-15 Revised:2026-06-15 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-08-25
Contact: LIU Xiuqun

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing，varietal groups among 108 Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi cultivars in this study. Using 102 Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi cultivars as experimental materials，the results of a numerical taxonomy study based on 37 phenotypic traits showed that the Summer azalea group can be differentiated from other groups by flowering period，while sepal petaloidy and hose-in-hose corolla type served as key traits for distinguishing the East azalea group from others. However，due to the high similarity in phenotypic traits，the classification boundary between the West azalea and Hairy azalea groups remained unclear. 57 commercially representative cultivars of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi were selected for whole genome resequencing. Clustering analysis，PCA，and population structure analysis based on the detected SNPs indicated that the 57 cultivars of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi could be divided into four groups，supporting the existing classification system comprising four major cultivar groups. Furthermore，the analysis about genetic background revealed that the Hairy and East azalea groups are independent，thereby refuting the proposal to merge them under the term“Spring azalea”. Integrating morphological and genomic evidences support the classification of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi cultivars into four variety groups：Hairy azalea，East azalea，West azalea，and Summer azalea. However，outlier individuals were identified within the East azalea，Hairy azalea，and West azalea groups. This study recommends reclassifying the East azalea cultivar R.‘Yudaizhirong’into the West azalea group，and proposes treating the Hairy azalea cultivar R. ‘Shuangjitaohong’as a synonym of the East azalea cultivar R.‘Zhuangyuanhong’.

Key words: Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi, cultivar groups, numerical taxonomy, whole genome resequencing, SNP, clustering analysis

CHEN Shaomin, ZHOU Haoyang, KONG Qiusheng, LIU Xiuqun. Identification of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi Cultivar Groups Based on Numerical Taxonomy and Whole Genome Resequencing[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(8): 2363-2380.

Figures/Tables 10

References 31

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序号 No.	编号 Code	品种名 Cultivar name	品种群 Cultivar group	采集地 Source of materials	研究方法 Method
1	YG01	‘乔治L.塔伯’ R.‘George L.Taber’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
2	YG02	‘小叶毛鹃’ R.‘Xiaoyemaojuan’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
3	YG03	‘北极光’ R.‘Beijiguang’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
4	YG04	‘吉卜赛女郎’ R.‘Jibusainülang’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
5	YG05	‘紫鹤’ R.‘Zihe’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
6	YG06	‘白毛鹃’ R.‘Baimaojuan’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
7	YR02	‘千重大粉’ R.‘Qianchongdafen’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
8	YR03	‘琉球红’ R.‘Liuqiuhong’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
9	YR04	‘黑叶毛鹃’ R.‘Heiyemaojuan’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
10	XH01	‘千重大紫’ R.‘Qianchongdazi’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	江苏无锡 Wuxi Jiangsu	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
11	XH02	‘大红琉璃球’ R.‘Dahongliuliqiu’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	江苏无锡 Wuxi Jiangsu	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
12	YR21	‘玫瑰琉球红’ R.‘Meiguiliuqiuhong’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
13	XH04	‘毛紫’ R.‘Maozi’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	江苏无锡 Wuxi Jiangsu	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
14	YR01	‘双季桃红’ R.‘Shuangjitaohong’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
15	YG08	‘圣代’ R.‘Shengdai’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
16	YG09	‘珊瑚采’ R.‘Shanhucai’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
17	YG10	‘山之光’ R.‘Shanzhiguang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
18	YG11	‘里之麒麟’ R.‘Lizhiqilin’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
19	YG12	‘端阳’ R.‘Duanyang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
20	YG13	‘绢之舞’ R.‘Juanzhiwu’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
21	YG14	‘红梅’ R.‘Meihong’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
22	YG15	‘红宝石’ R.‘Hongbaoshi’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
23	YG16	‘秋月’ R.‘Qiuyue’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
24	YG17	‘石岩杜鹃’ R.‘Shiyandujuan’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
25	YG18	‘上总紫’ R.‘Shangzongzi’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
26	YG19	‘好月’ R.‘Haoyue’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomyg
27	SJ01	‘五宝绿珠’ R.‘Wubaolüzhu’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
28	SJ02	‘紫宸殿’ R.‘Zichendian’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
29	SJ03	‘真如之月’ R.‘Zhenruzhiyue’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
30	SJ04	‘梦火花’ R.‘Menghuohua’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
31	SJ05	‘寿光’ R.‘Shouguang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
32	SJ07	‘夏胭脂’ R.‘Xiayanzhi’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
33	SJ08	‘日光’ R.‘Riguang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomyg
34	SJ10	‘壬申之华’ R.‘Renshenzhihua’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
35	SJ11	‘祝星’ R.‘Zhuxing’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
36	SJ12	‘紫龙之誉’ R.‘Zilongzhiyu’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
37	SJ13	‘葵之辉’ R.‘Kuizhihui’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
38	SJ14	‘花笠’ R.‘Huali’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
39	SJ15	‘港’ R.‘Gang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
40	SJ16	‘晓天’ R.‘Xiaotian’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
41	SJ17	‘花瓶’ R.‘Huaping’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
42	YG22	‘荣冠’ R.‘Rongguan’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
43	YH01	‘爱丁堡’ R.‘Edinburgh’	东鹃 East azalea	江苏裕华 Jiangsu Yuhua	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
44	YH02	‘大鸳鸯锦’ R.‘Dayuanyangjin’	东鹃 East azalea	江苏裕华 Jiangsu Yuhua	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
45	YH03	‘胭脂蜜’ R.‘Yanzhimi’	东鹃 East azalea	江苏裕华 Jiangsu Yuhua	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
46	YH04	‘火烈鸟’ R.‘Huolieniao’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
47	YG26	‘大青莲’ R.‘Daqinglian’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
48	YG27	‘状元红’ R.‘Zhuangyuanhong’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
49	YG28	‘红装素裹’ R.‘Hongzhuangsuguo’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
50	YG29	‘喜鹊登枝’ R.‘Xiquedengzhi’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
51	YG30	‘雨打桃花’ R.‘Yudataohua’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
52	BY01	‘笔止’ R.‘Bizhi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
53	BY02	‘小青莲’ R.‘Xiaoqinglian’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
54	BY03	‘大和之春’ R.‘Dahezhichun’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
55	BY04	‘吐蕊玫瑰’ R.‘Turuimeigui’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
56	BY05	‘醉海棠’ R.‘Zuihaitang’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
57	BY06	‘吉见戈狱’ R.‘Jijiangeyu’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
58	BY07	‘新天地’ R.‘Xintiandi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
59	BY08	‘火凤凰’ R.‘Huofenghuang’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
60	BY09	‘外国红’ R.‘Waiguohong’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
61	BY10	‘红月’ R.‘Hongyue’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
62	BY11	‘大朱砂’ R.‘Dazhusha’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
63	BY12	‘红富士’ R.‘Hongfushi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
64	BY13	‘蓝英’ R.‘Lanying’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
65	BY14	‘陶菊茹’ R.‘Taojuru’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
66	BY15	‘胭脂’ R.‘Yanzhi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
67	BY16	‘梅花茸’ R.‘Meihuarong’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
68	BY17	‘套瓣朱砂’ R.‘Taobanzhusha’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
69	BY18	‘国旗红’ R.‘Guoqihong’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
70	SJ19	‘虾夷锦’ R.‘Xiayijin’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
71	SJ20	‘白屏幅’ R.‘Baipingfu’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
72	SJ21	‘苹果花’ R.‘Pingguohua’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
73	YR05	‘柳浪闻莺’ R.‘Liulangwenying’	东鹃 East azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
74	YR06	‘麒麟’ R.‘Kirin’	东鹃 East azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
75	YG31	‘御代之荣’ R.‘Yudaizhirong’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
76	YG32	‘绿色光辉’ R.‘Lüseguanghui’	西鹃 West azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
77	YG33	‘西德玉’ R.‘Xideyu’	西鹃 West azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
78	YG34	‘劳动勋章’ R.‘Laodongxunzhang’	西鹃 West azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
79	YR07	‘寒牡丹’ R.‘Hanmudan’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
80	YR08	‘绿牡丹’ R.‘Lümudan’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
81	YR09	‘西德1号’ R.‘Xide 1’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
82	YR10	‘白佳人’ R.‘Baijiaren’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
83	YR11	‘美国双喜’ R.‘Meiguoshuangxi’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
84	YR12	‘红双喜’ R.‘Hongshuangxi’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
85	YR13	‘肯特’ R.‘Kente’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
86	YR14	‘萨克森’ R.‘Sakesen’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
87	YR15	‘恰恰舞’ R.‘Qiaqiawu’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
88	YR16	‘春之舞’ R.‘Chunzhiwu’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
89	YR17	‘南希 · 玛丽’ R.‘Nacy Marrie’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
90	YR18	‘凤冠’ R.‘Fengguan’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
91	YR19	‘鲜红宝石’ R.‘Xianhongbaoshi’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
92	YR20	‘粉红色泡泡’ R.‘Fenhongsepaopao’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
93	SJ22	‘夜光杯’ R.‘Yeguangbei’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
94	SJ23	‘绫衣’ R.‘Lingyi’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
95	SJ24	‘水彩画’ R.‘Aquarell’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
96	SJ25	‘粉魅’ R.‘Fenmei’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
97	SJ26	‘王冠’ R.‘Wangguan’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
98	SJ27	‘华严’ R.‘Huayan’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
99	SJ28	‘天女舞’ R.‘Tiannüwu’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
100	SJ29	‘荒狮子’ R.‘Huangshizi’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
101	SJ30	‘横笛’ R.‘Hengdi’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
102	SJ31	‘白锦袍’ R.‘Baijinpao’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
103	SJ32	‘花锦袍’ R.‘Huajinpao’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
104	SJ33	‘五宝珠’ R.‘Wubaozhu’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
105	SJ34	‘秦月’ R.‘Qinyue’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
106	SJ35	‘冠中王’ R.‘Guanzhongwang’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
107	SJ36	‘秋津洲’ R.‘Qiujinzhou’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
108	SJ37	‘天惠’ R.‘Tianhui’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing

序号 No.	编号 Code	品种名 Cultivar name	品种群 Cultivar group	采集地 Source of materials	研究方法 Method
1	YG01	‘乔治L.塔伯’ R.‘George L.Taber’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
2	YG02	‘小叶毛鹃’ R.‘Xiaoyemaojuan’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
3	YG03	‘北极光’ R.‘Beijiguang’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
4	YG04	‘吉卜赛女郎’ R.‘Jibusainülang’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
5	YG05	‘紫鹤’ R.‘Zihe’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
6	YG06	‘白毛鹃’ R.‘Baimaojuan’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
7	YR02	‘千重大粉’ R.‘Qianchongdafen’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
8	YR03	‘琉球红’ R.‘Liuqiuhong’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
9	YR04	‘黑叶毛鹃’ R.‘Heiyemaojuan’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
10	XH01	‘千重大紫’ R.‘Qianchongdazi’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	江苏无锡 Wuxi Jiangsu	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
11	XH02	‘大红琉璃球’ R.‘Dahongliuliqiu’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	江苏无锡 Wuxi Jiangsu	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
12	YR21	‘玫瑰琉球红’ R.‘Meiguiliuqiuhong’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
13	XH04	‘毛紫’ R.‘Maozi’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	江苏无锡 Wuxi Jiangsu	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
14	YR01	‘双季桃红’ R.‘Shuangjitaohong’	毛鹃 Hairy azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
15	YG08	‘圣代’ R.‘Shengdai’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
16	YG09	‘珊瑚采’ R.‘Shanhucai’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
17	YG10	‘山之光’ R.‘Shanzhiguang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
18	YG11	‘里之麒麟’ R.‘Lizhiqilin’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
19	YG12	‘端阳’ R.‘Duanyang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
20	YG13	‘绢之舞’ R.‘Juanzhiwu’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
21	YG14	‘红梅’ R.‘Meihong’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
22	YG15	‘红宝石’ R.‘Hongbaoshi’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
23	YG16	‘秋月’ R.‘Qiuyue’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
24	YG17	‘石岩杜鹃’ R.‘Shiyandujuan’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
25	YG18	‘上总紫’ R.‘Shangzongzi’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
26	YG19	‘好月’ R.‘Haoyue’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomyg
27	SJ01	‘五宝绿珠’ R.‘Wubaolüzhu’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
28	SJ02	‘紫宸殿’ R.‘Zichendian’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
29	SJ03	‘真如之月’ R.‘Zhenruzhiyue’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
30	SJ04	‘梦火花’ R.‘Menghuohua’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
31	SJ05	‘寿光’ R.‘Shouguang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
32	SJ07	‘夏胭脂’ R.‘Xiayanzhi’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
33	SJ08	‘日光’ R.‘Riguang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomyg
34	SJ10	‘壬申之华’ R.‘Renshenzhihua’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
35	SJ11	‘祝星’ R.‘Zhuxing’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
36	SJ12	‘紫龙之誉’ R.‘Zilongzhiyu’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
37	SJ13	‘葵之辉’ R.‘Kuizhihui’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
38	SJ14	‘花笠’ R.‘Huali’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
39	SJ15	‘港’ R.‘Gang’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
40	SJ16	‘晓天’ R.‘Xiaotian’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
41	SJ17	‘花瓶’ R.‘Huaping’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
42	YG22	‘荣冠’ R.‘Rongguan’	夏鹃 Summer azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
43	YH01	‘爱丁堡’ R.‘Edinburgh’	东鹃 East azalea	江苏裕华 Jiangsu Yuhua	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
44	YH02	‘大鸳鸯锦’ R.‘Dayuanyangjin’	东鹃 East azalea	江苏裕华 Jiangsu Yuhua	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
45	YH03	‘胭脂蜜’ R.‘Yanzhimi’	东鹃 East azalea	江苏裕华 Jiangsu Yuhua	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
46	YH04	‘火烈鸟’ R.‘Huolieniao’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
47	YG26	‘大青莲’ R.‘Daqinglian’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
48	YG27	‘状元红’ R.‘Zhuangyuanhong’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
49	YG28	‘红装素裹’ R.‘Hongzhuangsuguo’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
50	YG29	‘喜鹊登枝’ R.‘Xiquedengzhi’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
51	YG30	‘雨打桃花’ R.‘Yudataohua’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
52	BY01	‘笔止’ R.‘Bizhi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
53	BY02	‘小青莲’ R.‘Xiaoqinglian’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
54	BY03	‘大和之春’ R.‘Dahezhichun’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
55	BY04	‘吐蕊玫瑰’ R.‘Turuimeigui’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
56	BY05	‘醉海棠’ R.‘Zuihaitang’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
57	BY06	‘吉见戈狱’ R.‘Jijiangeyu’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
58	BY07	‘新天地’ R.‘Xintiandi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
59	BY08	‘火凤凰’ R.‘Huofenghuang’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
60	BY09	‘外国红’ R.‘Waiguohong’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
61	BY10	‘红月’ R.‘Hongyue’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
62	BY11	‘大朱砂’ R.‘Dazhusha’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
63	BY12	‘红富士’ R.‘Hongfushi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
64	BY13	‘蓝英’ R.‘Lanying’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
65	BY14	‘陶菊茹’ R.‘Taojuru’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
66	BY15	‘胭脂’ R.‘Yanzhi’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
67	BY16	‘梅花茸’ R.‘Meihuarong’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
68	BY17	‘套瓣朱砂’ R.‘Taobanzhusha’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
69	BY18	‘国旗红’ R.‘Guoqihong’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
70	SJ19	‘虾夷锦’ R.‘Xiayijin’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
71	SJ20	‘白屏幅’ R.‘Baipingfu’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
72	SJ21	‘苹果花’ R.‘Pingguohua’	东鹃 East azalea	嘉兴碧云 Jiaxing Biyun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
73	YR05	‘柳浪闻莺’ R.‘Liulangwenying’	东鹃 East azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
74	YR06	‘麒麟’ R.‘Kirin’	东鹃 East azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
75	YG31	‘御代之荣’ R.‘Yudaizhirong’	东鹃 East azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing
76	YG32	‘绿色光辉’ R.‘Lüseguanghui’	西鹃 West azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
77	YG33	‘西德玉’ R.‘Xideyu’	西鹃 West azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
78	YG34	‘劳动勋章’ R.‘Laodongxunzhang’	西鹃 West azalea	金华永根 Jinhua Yonggen	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
79	YR07	‘寒牡丹’ R.‘Hanmudan’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
80	YR08	‘绿牡丹’ R.‘Lümudan’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
81	YR09	‘西德1号’ R.‘Xide 1’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
82	YR10	‘白佳人’ R.‘Baijiaren’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
83	YR11	‘美国双喜’ R.‘Meiguoshuangxi’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
84	YR12	‘红双喜’ R.‘Hongshuangxi’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
85	YR13	‘肯特’ R.‘Kente’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
86	YR14	‘萨克森’ R.‘Sakesen’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
87	YR15	‘恰恰舞’ R.‘Qiaqiawu’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
88	YR16	‘春之舞’ R.‘Chunzhiwu’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
89	YR17	‘南希 · 玛丽’ R.‘Nacy Marrie’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
90	YR18	‘凤冠’ R.‘Fengguan’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
91	YR19	‘鲜红宝石’ R.‘Xianhongbaoshi’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
92	YR20	‘粉红色泡泡’ R.‘Fenhongsepaopao’	西鹃 West azalea	宁波亿润 Ningbo Yirun	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
93	SJ22	‘夜光杯’ R.‘Yeguangbei’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
94	SJ23	‘绫衣’ R.‘Lingyi’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
95	SJ24	‘水彩画’ R.‘Aquarell’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
96	SJ25	‘粉魅’ R.‘Fenmei’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
97	SJ26	‘王冠’ R.‘Wangguan’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
98	SJ27	‘华严’ R.‘Huayan’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
99	SJ28	‘天女舞’ R.‘Tiannüwu’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
100	SJ29	‘荒狮子’ R.‘Huangshizi’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
101	SJ30	‘横笛’ R.‘Hengdi’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
102	SJ31	‘白锦袍’ R.‘Baijinpao’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
103	SJ32	‘花锦袍’ R.‘Huajinpao’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
104	SJ33	‘五宝珠’ R.‘Wubaozhu’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
105	SJ34	‘秦月’ R.‘Qinyue’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类与全基因组重测序 Numerical taxonomy and whole genome resequencing
106	SJ35	‘冠中王’ R.‘Guanzhongwang’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
107	SJ36	‘秋津洲’ R.‘Qiujinzhou’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	数量分类 Numerical taxonomy
108	SJ37	‘天惠’ R.‘Tianhui’	西鹃 West azalea	嘉兴善鹃 Jiaxing Shanjian	全基因组重测序 Whole genome resequencing

序号 No.	性状 Character	类型 Type	性状分类与编码 Classification and coding of character
1	花冠高度（FH） Corolla height	数量性状 Quantity character	花冠底部到花瓣展开平面的垂直距离 Vertical distance from the base of the corolla to the plane of petal expansion
2	花冠直径（FD） Corolla diameter	数量性状 Quantity character	当形状不规则时量取上部翅瓣顶部之间的距离 Measure the distance between the top of the upper wing petals when the shape is irregular
3	最宽处花瓣长（WP） Petal length at the widest point	数量性状 Quantity character	从花瓣顶点到最宽处的长度 Length from the petal apex to the widest point
4	花瓣长（PT） Petal length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
5	花瓣宽（PW） Petal width	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
6	花梗长（PD） Pedicel length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
7	雄蕊长 Stamen length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
8	雌蕊长 Pistil length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
9	花梗比例（PF） Pedicel ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	PF = 100 × PD/（PD + FH）
10	花瓣形状比（OP） Petal shape ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	OP = 100 × WP/PT
11	叶长（LL） Leaf length	数量性状 Quantity character	从叶尖到叶基部的长度 Length from the leaf tip to the leaf base
12	最宽处叶长（WL） Leaf length at the widest point	数量性状 Quantity character	从叶尖到叶片最宽处的长度 Length from the leaf tip to the widest part of the leaf
13	叶宽（LW） Leaf width	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
14	叶柄长（PL） Petiole length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
15	叶形比（OB） Leaf shape ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	OB = 100 × WL/LL
16	叶柄比例（PR） Petiole ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	PR = 100 × PL/（LL + PL）
17	花期 Flowering period	二元性状 Binary character	3—4月 0；5—6月 1 March-April 0；May-June 1
18	花萼有无 Presence/absence of sepal	二元性状 Binary character	无 0；有 1 Absent 0；Present 1
19	花冠被毛 Corolla pubescence	二元性状 Binary character	否 0；有 1 No 0；Yes 1
20	花冠 Corolla	二元性状 Binary character	合瓣 0；离瓣 1 Gamopetalous 0；Polypetalous 1
21	喉部斑点有无 Presence/absence of throat spot	二元性状 Binary character	无0；有1 Absent 0；Present 1
22	小花数 Floret number	多态性状 More character	0：X ≤ 2；1：2 < X ≤ 4；2：X > 4（取最大值Take the maximum value）
23	花冠类型 Corolla type	多态性状 More character	单瓣 0；双套 1；半重瓣 2；重瓣 3 Single 0；Hose-in-hose 1；Semi-double 2；Double 3
24	花冠形状 Corolla shape	多态性状 More character	管状漏斗形 0；漏斗形 1；宽漏斗形 2；牡丹形 3；山茶形 4；辐射形 5 Tubular-funnelform 0；Funnelform 1；Broadly funnelform 2；Radiate 3；Camellia-shaped 4；Paeonia-shaped 5
25	萼片形状 Sepal shape	多态性状 More character	无 0；椭圆形 1；卵形 2；卵圆形 3；披针形 4；不规则 5 Absent 0；Elliptical 1；Oval 2；Ovate 3；Lanceolate 4；Irregular 5
26	花瓣边缘 Petal margin	多态性状 More character	平整 0；波形 1；褶皱 2；缺刻 3 Entire 0；Undulate 1；Rugose 2；Laciniate 3
27	花瓣着色类型 Petal color type	多态性状 More character	单色 0；复色 1；过渡颜色 2 Monochrome 0；Bicolor 1；Transition colors 2
28	花瓣颜色 Petal color	多态性状 More character	白色系 0；红色系 1；桔红色系 2；粉色系 3；绿色系 4；紫红色系 5；紫色系 6；蓝紫色系 7；玫红色系 8 White series 0；Red series 1；Orange-red series 2；Pink series 3；Green series 4；Magenta series 5；Purple series 6；Violet-blue series 7；Rose-red series 8
29	花瓣次色（斑）形状 Petal secondary color （maculation）pattern	多态性状 More character	无 0；条纹 1；洒点和条纹 2；镶边 3；色块 4；洒点和条纹、镶边 5；洒点和条纹、色块 6；条纹、镶边 7；洒点和条纹、色块、镶边 8 Absent 0；Striped 1；Speckled and striped 2；Marginate 3；Color block 4；Speckled and striped，Marginate 5；Speckled and striped，color block 6；Striped，Marginate 7；Speckled and striped，color block，Marginate 8
30	雄蕊数量 Stamen number	多态性状 More character	0：0；1：0 < X ≤ 6；2：6 < X ≤ 12；3：X > 12（取最大值Take the maximum value）
31	雄蕊瓣化程度 Stamen petaloidy levels	多态性状 More character	未发生瓣化 0；部分瓣化 1；完全瓣化 2 Stamens non-petaloid 0；Stamens partially petaloid 1；Stamens fully petaloid 2
32	花丝颜色分布 Filament color istribution	多态性状 More character	无 0；均匀 1；上端浅 2；中深 3；下端浅 4 Absent 0；Uniform 1；Upper part light 2；Middle part medium-dark 3；Lower part light 4
33	雄雌蕊是否等长 Stamen-pistil length equality	多态性状 More character	无 0；雄蕊短于雌蕊 1；近等长 2；雄蕊长于雌蕊 3 Absent 0；Stamen shorter than pistil 1；Nearly equal 2；Stamen longer than pistil 3
34	雌蕊颜色 Pistil color	多态性状 More character	无 0；与花冠同色 1；与花冠异色 2 Absent 0；Same color as the corolla 1；Different color from the corolla 2
35	雌蕊退化程度 Pistil degeneration level	多态性状 More character	未发生退化 0；部分退化 1；完全退化 2 Pistil non-degenerated 0；Pistil partially degenerated 1；Pistil fully degenerated 2
36	叶形 Leaf shape	多态性状 More character	倒披针形 0；倒卵形 1；卵圆形 2；椭圆形 3；长椭圆形 4；细狭形 5；捻形 6 Oblanceolate 0；Obovate 1；Ovate 2；Elliptical 3；Oblong-elliptical 4；Linear 5；Contorted 6
37	叶尖 Leaf apex	多态性状 More character	渐尖 0；锐尖 1；钝圆 2；微凹 3 Acuminate 0；Acute 1；Obtuse 2；Retuse 3

序号 No.	性状 Character	类型 Type	性状分类与编码 Classification and coding of character
1	花冠高度（FH） Corolla height	数量性状 Quantity character	花冠底部到花瓣展开平面的垂直距离 Vertical distance from the base of the corolla to the plane of petal expansion
2	花冠直径（FD） Corolla diameter	数量性状 Quantity character	当形状不规则时量取上部翅瓣顶部之间的距离 Measure the distance between the top of the upper wing petals when the shape is irregular
3	最宽处花瓣长（WP） Petal length at the widest point	数量性状 Quantity character	从花瓣顶点到最宽处的长度 Length from the petal apex to the widest point
4	花瓣长（PT） Petal length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
5	花瓣宽（PW） Petal width	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
6	花梗长（PD） Pedicel length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
7	雄蕊长 Stamen length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
8	雌蕊长 Pistil length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
9	花梗比例（PF） Pedicel ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	PF = 100 × PD/（PD + FH）
10	花瓣形状比（OP） Petal shape ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	OP = 100 × WP/PT
11	叶长（LL） Leaf length	数量性状 Quantity character	从叶尖到叶基部的长度 Length from the leaf tip to the leaf base
12	最宽处叶长（WL） Leaf length at the widest point	数量性状 Quantity character	从叶尖到叶片最宽处的长度 Length from the leaf tip to the widest part of the leaf
13	叶宽（LW） Leaf width	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
14	叶柄长（PL） Petiole length	数量性状 Quantity character	直接测量 Direct measurement
15	叶形比（OB） Leaf shape ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	OB = 100 × WL/LL
16	叶柄比例（PR） Petiole ratio	数量性状 Quantity character	PR = 100 × PL/（LL + PL）
17	花期 Flowering period	二元性状 Binary character	3—4月 0；5—6月 1 March-April 0；May-June 1
18	花萼有无 Presence/absence of sepal	二元性状 Binary character	无 0；有 1 Absent 0；Present 1
19	花冠被毛 Corolla pubescence	二元性状 Binary character	否 0；有 1 No 0；Yes 1
20	花冠 Corolla	二元性状 Binary character	合瓣 0；离瓣 1 Gamopetalous 0；Polypetalous 1
21	喉部斑点有无 Presence/absence of throat spot	二元性状 Binary character	无0；有1 Absent 0；Present 1
22	小花数 Floret number	多态性状 More character	0：X ≤ 2；1：2 < X ≤ 4；2：X > 4（取最大值Take the maximum value）
23	花冠类型 Corolla type	多态性状 More character	单瓣 0；双套 1；半重瓣 2；重瓣 3 Single 0；Hose-in-hose 1；Semi-double 2；Double 3
24	花冠形状 Corolla shape	多态性状 More character	管状漏斗形 0；漏斗形 1；宽漏斗形 2；牡丹形 3；山茶形 4；辐射形 5 Tubular-funnelform 0；Funnelform 1；Broadly funnelform 2；Radiate 3；Camellia-shaped 4；Paeonia-shaped 5
25	萼片形状 Sepal shape	多态性状 More character	无 0；椭圆形 1；卵形 2；卵圆形 3；披针形 4；不规则 5 Absent 0；Elliptical 1；Oval 2；Ovate 3；Lanceolate 4；Irregular 5
26	花瓣边缘 Petal margin	多态性状 More character	平整 0；波形 1；褶皱 2；缺刻 3 Entire 0；Undulate 1；Rugose 2；Laciniate 3
27	花瓣着色类型 Petal color type	多态性状 More character	单色 0；复色 1；过渡颜色 2 Monochrome 0；Bicolor 1；Transition colors 2
28	花瓣颜色 Petal color	多态性状 More character	白色系 0；红色系 1；桔红色系 2；粉色系 3；绿色系 4；紫红色系 5；紫色系 6；蓝紫色系 7；玫红色系 8 White series 0；Red series 1；Orange-red series 2；Pink series 3；Green series 4；Magenta series 5；Purple series 6；Violet-blue series 7；Rose-red series 8
29	花瓣次色（斑）形状 Petal secondary color （maculation）pattern	多态性状 More character	无 0；条纹 1；洒点和条纹 2；镶边 3；色块 4；洒点和条纹、镶边 5；洒点和条纹、色块 6；条纹、镶边 7；洒点和条纹、色块、镶边 8 Absent 0；Striped 1；Speckled and striped 2；Marginate 3；Color block 4；Speckled and striped，Marginate 5；Speckled and striped，color block 6；Striped，Marginate 7；Speckled and striped，color block，Marginate 8
30	雄蕊数量 Stamen number	多态性状 More character	0：0；1：0 < X ≤ 6；2：6 < X ≤ 12；3：X > 12（取最大值Take the maximum value）
31	雄蕊瓣化程度 Stamen petaloidy levels	多态性状 More character	未发生瓣化 0；部分瓣化 1；完全瓣化 2 Stamens non-petaloid 0；Stamens partially petaloid 1；Stamens fully petaloid 2
32	花丝颜色分布 Filament color istribution	多态性状 More character	无 0；均匀 1；上端浅 2；中深 3；下端浅 4 Absent 0；Uniform 1；Upper part light 2；Middle part medium-dark 3；Lower part light 4
33	雄雌蕊是否等长 Stamen-pistil length equality	多态性状 More character	无 0；雄蕊短于雌蕊 1；近等长 2；雄蕊长于雌蕊 3 Absent 0；Stamen shorter than pistil 1；Nearly equal 2；Stamen longer than pistil 3
34	雌蕊颜色 Pistil color	多态性状 More character	无 0；与花冠同色 1；与花冠异色 2 Absent 0；Same color as the corolla 1；Different color from the corolla 2
35	雌蕊退化程度 Pistil degeneration level	多态性状 More character	未发生退化 0；部分退化 1；完全退化 2 Pistil non-degenerated 0；Pistil partially degenerated 1；Pistil fully degenerated 2
36	叶形 Leaf shape	多态性状 More character	倒披针形 0；倒卵形 1；卵圆形 2；椭圆形 3；长椭圆形 4；细狭形 5；捻形 6 Oblanceolate 0；Obovate 1；Ovate 2；Elliptical 3；Oblong-elliptical 4；Linear 5；Contorted 6
37	叶尖 Leaf apex	多态性状 More character	渐尖 0；锐尖 1；钝圆 2；微凹 3 Acuminate 0；Acute 1；Obtuse 2；Retuse 3

性状 Character	主成分 Principal component
性状 Character	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
花期 Flowering period	0.006	0.568	0.538	0.095	-0.072	-0.091	0.018	0.092	0.049	0.159
小花数 Floret number	-0.246	-0.545	-0.425	0.026	-0.029	-0.130	0.120	-0.162	0.286	-0.202
花冠直径 Corolla diameter	0.924	0.023	0.170	-0.083	-0.021	0.152	0.070	-0.025	0.085	-0.051
花冠高度 Corolla height	0.797	-0.337	0.065	-0.251	-0.146	0.134	0.142	-0.060	0.090	-0.065
花冠被毛 Corolla pubescence	-0.310	0.210	-0.405	0.118	-0.119	0.323	0.149	-0.016	-0.316	0.044
花冠类型 Corolla type	0.253	0.548	-0.442	-0.202	-0.090	0.204	0.166	-0.248	-0.010	0.144
花冠形状 Corolla shape	0.324	0.633	0.144	0.261	0.011	0.087	0.368	-0.115	0.220	-0.016
花梗长（PD）Pedicel length	0.566	-0.127	-0.346	0.300	0.271	0.338	-0.035	0.153	-0.155	-0.318
花梗比例 Pedicel ratio	-0.205	0.202	-0.379	0.530	0.351	0.258	-0.128	0.218	-0.228	-0.282
最宽处花瓣长 Petal length at the widest point	0.918	-0.127	0.218	-0.127	-0.11	0.007	0.027	0.072	0.024	-0.013
花瓣长 Petal length	0.868	-0.292	0.233	-0.028	-0.068	0.115	0.050	0.017	0.038	-0.067
花瓣形状比 Petal shape ratio	0.654	0.208	0.155	-0.140	-0.172	-0.220	-0.085	0.195	-0.022	0.066
花瓣宽 Petal width	0.884	-0.029	0.193	-0.257	-0.033	0.073	-0.130	0.034	0.047	-0.012
花瓣边缘 Petal margin	0.079	0.188	0.382	0.264	0.230	0.106	-0.201	-0.148	0.202	-0.019
花瓣着色类型 Petal color type	0.126	-0.015	0.278	-0.052	0.659	-0.236	0.234	-0.160	-0.045	0.001
花瓣颜色Petal color	-0.25	0.263	-0.154	0.256	-0.352	0.334	-0.012	-0.241	0.220	0.272
花瓣次色（斑）形状 Petal secondary color （maculation）pattern	0.465	0.230	0.305	0.111	0.429	-0.265	0.119	0.085	-0.137	0.020
喉部斑点有无Presence/ absence of throat spot	0.049	0.131	-0.012	0.237	-0.293	0.122	-0.170	0.312	0.344	-0.475
雄蕊数量 Stamen number	0.509	0.110	-0.301	0.150	0.184	-0.131	0.004	0.286	0.359	0.123
雄蕊长 Stamen length	-0.262	-0.469	0.520	0.287	0.033	0.087	0.064	0.118	0.023	0.164
雌蕊长 Pistil length	-0.013	-0.636	0.547	0.161	-0.240	0.199	0.029	-0.122	-0.185	-0.042
雄蕊瓣化程度 Stamen petaloidy level	0.473	0.501	-0.137	-0.236	-0.229	0.307	0.111	-0.272	-0.175	-0.109
花丝颜色分布 Filament color distribution	-0.287	-0.004	0.076	0.534	-0.066	0.218	-0.353	-0.036	0.307	0.276
雌蕊退化程度 Pistil degeneration level	0.365	0.632	-0.494	-0.014	0.221	-0.121	-0.065	0.041	0.176	0.070
雌蕊颜色 Pistil color	-0.358	-0.349	0.542	0.046	0.084	0.354	0.133	-0.086	-0.073	-0.068
雄雌蕊是否等长 Stamen-pistil length equality	-0.400	-0.241	0.331	0.086	0.094	0.067	0.457	0.211	0.267	0.130
花冠 Corolla	-0.084	0.352	0.118	0.401	0.020	0.097	0.682	-0.081	0.047	-0.158
花萼有无 Presence/absence of sepal	0.610	0.333	0.492	0.160	-0.054	0.018	-0.219	-0.080	-0.047	-0.117
萼片形状 Sepal shape	0.573	0.276	0.503	0.320	-0.009	0.032	-0.269	-0.138	-0.078	-0.055
叶柄长 Petiole length	0.665	-0.219	-0.17	-0.074	0.058	0.338	0.160	0.338	-0.040	0.264
叶柄比例 Petiole ratio	-0.222	0.348	0.219	-0.280	-0.113	0.310	0.105	0.630	-0.112	0.150
叶宽 Leaf width	0.554	-0.522	-0.465	0.018	0.107	0.109	0.000	0.007	0.074	0.125
叶长 Leaf length	0.720	-0.447	-0.295	0.253	0.116	0.069	0.037	-0.137	0.019	0.154
最宽处叶长 Leaf length at the widest point	0.678	-0.402	-0.336	0.403	0.009	-0.041	0.036	-0.075	-0.077	0.193
叶形比 Leaf shape ratio	0.087	-0.004	-0.193	0.552	-0.337	-0.356	0.036	0.209	-0.346	0.175
叶形 Leaf shape	0.153	-0.166	-0.131	0.148	-0.498	-0.401	0.290	0.113	0.091	-0.270
叶尖 Leaf apex	-0.507	-0.128	-0.061	-0.389	0.239	0.320	-0.095	0.099	0.191	-0.094
特征值 Eigenvalue	9.111	4.482	4.043	2.440	1.852	1.711	1.500	1.313	1.154	1.067
贡献率/% Contributor ratio	24.625	12.114	10.927	6.596	5.006	4.624	4.053	3.548	3.118	2.884
累计贡献率/% Accumulative contributor ratio	24.625	36.739	47.666	54.262	59.267	63.892	67.945	71.493	74.611	77.495

Identification of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi Cultivar Groups Based on Numerical Taxonomy and Whole Genome Resequencing

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