聚乙烯编织物Coverlys TF150®覆盖对‘蜜光’葡萄果实品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以欧美杂交种葡萄‘蜜光’为试材，探究聚乙烯（PE）编织物Coverlys TF150^®材质的避雨棚膜对树冠和果实微域环境及果实品质的影响。连续两年的试验结果表明：Coverlys TF150^®透光率比聚烯烃（PO）膜低11.91%，降低了果面微域温湿度，缓解了高温和强光胁迫。Coverlys TF150^®覆盖提高了成熟期果实大小、可溶性固形物、花色苷、总酚、类黄酮和黄烷醇含量，降低了可滴定酸含量。2020和2021年果实百粒质量分别增加2.15%和2.46%，果实可溶性固形物含量分别提高3.70%和3.04%，果实可滴定酸分别降低17.90%和10.53%，果实花色苷含量分别提高18.33%和11.91%，总酚含量分别提高23.30%和13.07%，类黄酮含量分别提高24.00%和19.43%，黄烷醇含量分别提高18.20%和15.58%。CoverlysTF150^®覆盖提高了葡萄果实中萜烯类香气物质含量，尤其是里那醇含量，降低了C6醛类如己醛的含量。

关键词: 葡萄, 避雨栽培, 聚乙烯编织物Coverlys TF150^?, 微域环境, 果实品质

Abstract:

The effect of rain-shelter film polyethylene（PE）fabric Coverlys TF150^® on canopy，fruit microenvironment and fruit quality were investigated by using grape‘Miguang’（Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca）as test material. The experimental results from two consecutive years showed that the light transmittance under CoverlysTF150^®is 11.91% lower than that under polyolefin（PO）film，which reduced the temperature and humidity around the fruit zone and alleviated the stress of high temperature and strong light. CoverlysTF150^® increased fruit size and the content of soluble solids，anthocyanins，total phenols，flavonoids and flavanols，while reduced titratable acid content. In 2020 and 2021，fruit hundred-grain weight increased by 2.15% and 2.46%，fruit soluble solids content increased by 3.70% and 3.04%，fruit titratable acid content decreased by 17.90% and 10.53%，fruit anthocyanin content increased by 18.33% and 11.91%，total phenol content increased by 23.30% and 13.07%，flavonoids content increased by 24.00% and 19.43%，flavanol content increased by 18.20% and 15.58%，respectively. Coverlys TF150^® increased the content of terpenes aromas，especially linalool，while decreased the content of C6 aldehydes such as hexanal aroma.

Key words: grape, rain-shelter cultivation, PE fabric Coverlys TF150^?, microenvironment, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

李中瀚, 唐美玲, 郑秋玲, 刘明慧, 康慧, 高振, 杜远鹏. 聚乙烯编织物Coverlys TF150^®覆盖对‘蜜光’葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(5): 1073-1084.

LI Zhonghan, TANG Meiling, ZHENG Qiuling, LIU Minghui, KANG Hui, GAO Zhen, DU Yuanpeng. The Effect of Rain Shelter Material Coverlys TF150^® on the Fruit Quality of‘Miguang’Grape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(5): 1073-1084.

图/表 8

参考文献 34

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年 Year	花后周数 Weeks after flwoering	处理 Treatment	花色苷/（mg · g^-1） Anthocyanin	类黄酮/（mg · g^-1） Flavonoid	黄烷醇/（mg · g^-1） Flavanol	总酚/（mg · g^-1） Total phenolic
2020	12	Coverlys TF150^®	1.20 a	6.04 a	4.12 a	8.37 a
		PO	0.98 b	4.59 b	3.37 b	6.42 b
2021	9	Coverlys TF150^®	0.04 b	2.22 a	1.75 a	3.09 a
		PO	0.05 a	2.42 a	1.63 a	3.18 a
	10	Coverlys TF150^®	0.13 b	2.54 b	2.00 a	3.57 b
		PO	0.26 a	2.87 a	2.18 a	4.16 a
	11	Coverlys TF150^®	0.51 a	3.14 a	3.00 a	4.99 a
		PO	0.45 b	3.10 a	2.92 b	4.94 a
	12	Coverlys TF150^®	0.84 a	4.89 a	4.43 a	6.81 a
		PO	0.74 b	3.94 b	3.74 b	5.92 b

年 Year	花后周数 Weeks after flwoering	处理 Treatment	花色苷/（mg · g^-1） Anthocyanin	类黄酮/（mg · g^-1） Flavonoid	黄烷醇/（mg · g^-1） Flavanol	总酚/（mg · g^-1） Total phenolic
2020	12	Coverlys TF150^®	1.20 a	6.04 a	4.12 a	8.37 a
		PO	0.98 b	4.59 b	3.37 b	6.42 b
2021	9	Coverlys TF150^®	0.04 b	2.22 a	1.75 a	3.09 a
		PO	0.05 a	2.42 a	1.63 a	3.18 a
	10	Coverlys TF150^®	0.13 b	2.54 b	2.00 a	3.57 b
		PO	0.26 a	2.87 a	2.18 a	4.16 a
	11	Coverlys TF150^®	0.51 a	3.14 a	3.00 a	4.99 a
		PO	0.45 b	3.10 a	2.92 b	4.94 a
	12	Coverlys TF150^®	0.84 a	4.89 a	4.43 a	6.81 a
		PO	0.74 b	3.94 b	3.74 b	5.92 b

化合物种类/ （µg · g^-1） Type	化合物名称 Compound	处理 Treatment	2020	2021
化合物种类/ （µg · g^-1） Type	化合物名称 Compound	处理 Treatment	12 WAF	9 WAF	10 WAF	11 WAF	12 WAF
萜烯类 Terpene	α-蒎烯α-Pinene	Coverlys TF150^®	0.85 a	4.64 a	2.37 a	1.88 a	0.61 a
		PO	0.85 a	3.92 b	3.20 a	1.69 b	0.55 a
	β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	Coverlys TF150^®	16.98 a	5.25 b	13.16 a	10.45 b	19.88 a
		PO	15.08 a	6.44 a	10.35 b	14.74 a	17.70 a
	柠檬烯 Limonene	Coverlys TF150^®	8.38 a	9.37 a	13.27 a	13.01 a	15.14 a
		PO	5.72 a	9.32 a	12.41 a	14.53 a	15.48 a
	反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene	Coverlys TF150^®	4.84 a	0.73 b	1.54 a	1.59 b	2.32 a
		PO	2.98 a	1.46 a	2.08 a	2.16 a	2.30 a
	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	Coverlys TF150^®	1.57 a	0.74	—	0.66 a	2.15
		PO	1.70 a	—	2.49	0.85 a	2.55
	里那醇 Linalool	Coverlys TF150^®	155.01 a	3.90	21.56	26.53 a	52.19 a
		PO	120.42 b	4.17	15.17 b	23.75 a	42.17 b
	α-松油烯 α-Terpinene	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.49 a	1.68 a	0.45 b	0.83 a
		PO		0.76 a	1.68 a	1.10 a	0.97 a
	顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene	Coverlys TF150^®	8.68 a	1.27	—	0.53	—
		PO	5.32 a	3.23	5.00	—	0.46
醇类 Alcohol	1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octen-3-ol	Coverlys TF150^®	0.87	0.20	0.26 a	0.50 a	0.33 a
		PO	0.80 a	0.46 a	0.49 a	0.19 a	0.35 a
	6-甲基-2-庚醇	Coverlys TF150^®	—	15.44	119.38	116.49 a	116.21 a
	6-Methyl-2-heptanol	PO	—	—	116.77	95.83 b	133.86 a
	反式-2-癸烯-1-醇	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.27	0.78	—	0.68 a
	(E)-2-Decen-1-ol	PO		—	0.84 a	0.54	0.75 a
醛类 Aldehydes	己醛 Hexanal	Coverlys TF150^®	226.33 b	165.40 a	150.77 a	164.00 a	150.70 b
		PO	250.90 a	144.43 b	132.30 b	150.09 a	177.09 a
	反式-2-己烯醛 (E)--2-Hexenal	Coverlys TF150^®	348.94 b	236.61 a	241.72 a	244.63 a	262.62 a
		PO	385.78 a	155.71 b	205.62 b	206.49 b	261.53 a
	壬醛 Nonanal	Coverlys TF150^®	26.38 a	5.94 b	13.31 a	7.37 a	0.33
		PO	25.11 a	12.84 a	0.68 b	7.13 a	0.33
	癸醛 Decanal	Coverlys TF150^®	4.25 a	—	2.83 a	0.07	0.17
		PO	5.81 a		2.00 b	—	0.20
酯类Ester	4-甲基戊酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	0.88	4.08 a	2.38 a	0.90 a	1.25 b
	Ethyl 4-methylpentanoate	PO	0.71	3.20 b	2.56 a	0.64 b	1.66 a
	2-己烯酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	1.26	0.32 a	2.78 a	1.31 a	1.63 a
	Ethyl 2-hexenoate	PO	1.48	1.07 b	2.53 a	0.97 a	1.31 a
	戊酸乙酯 Ethyl valerate	Coverlys TF150^®	3.69	4.70 a	3.66 a	1.34 a	1.23 a
		PO	—	4.88 a	3.56 a	1.62 a	1.49 a
	乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate	Coverlys TF150^®	36.44	11.94	2.49	—	—
		PO	—	5.53	—	—	3.37
	庚酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	—	2.71 b	0.50	2.10	2.21
	Ethyl heptanoate	PO	—	4.84 a	—	1.51	2.13
	反式-4-庚烯酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.29 b	0.18 a	0.3	42.19 a
	Ethyl (E)-4-heptenoate	PO	—	0.41 a	0.78 a	0.34	43.51 a
酮类Ketone	甲基庚烯酮 Methyl heptenone	Coverlys TF150^®	1.02 a	0.66	0.64	0.41 a	1.40
		PO	0.86 a	0.75	1.05	0.36 a	—
苯的衍生物	甲苯 Toluene	Coverlys TF150^®	4.99	0.56	0.52 a	0.48 a	2.95
Benzene		PO膜	5.69	0.50	0.39 a	0.23 a	2.61
erivatives	芴 Fluorene	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.10	0.30	123.3	0.31
		PO	5.93	0.35	0.37	142.5	0.22
	邻伞花烃 o-Cymene	Coverlys TF150^®	0.30	3.46	2.72 a	3.16	2.03
		PO	0.46	4.73	2.25 a	1.52	1.36

化合物种类/ （µg · g^-1） Type	化合物名称 Compound	处理 Treatment	2020	2021
化合物种类/ （µg · g^-1） Type	化合物名称 Compound	处理 Treatment	12 WAF	9 WAF	10 WAF	11 WAF	12 WAF
萜烯类 Terpene	α-蒎烯α-Pinene	Coverlys TF150^®	0.85 a	4.64 a	2.37 a	1.88 a	0.61 a
		PO	0.85 a	3.92 b	3.20 a	1.69 b	0.55 a
	β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	Coverlys TF150^®	16.98 a	5.25 b	13.16 a	10.45 b	19.88 a
		PO	15.08 a	6.44 a	10.35 b	14.74 a	17.70 a
	柠檬烯 Limonene	Coverlys TF150^®	8.38 a	9.37 a	13.27 a	13.01 a	15.14 a
		PO	5.72 a	9.32 a	12.41 a	14.53 a	15.48 a
	反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene	Coverlys TF150^®	4.84 a	0.73 b	1.54 a	1.59 b	2.32 a
		PO	2.98 a	1.46 a	2.08 a	2.16 a	2.30 a
	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	Coverlys TF150^®	1.57 a	0.74	—	0.66 a	2.15
		PO	1.70 a	—	2.49	0.85 a	2.55
	里那醇 Linalool	Coverlys TF150^®	155.01 a	3.90	21.56	26.53 a	52.19 a
		PO	120.42 b	4.17	15.17 b	23.75 a	42.17 b
	α-松油烯 α-Terpinene	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.49 a	1.68 a	0.45 b	0.83 a
		PO		0.76 a	1.68 a	1.10 a	0.97 a
	顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene	Coverlys TF150^®	8.68 a	1.27	—	0.53	—
		PO	5.32 a	3.23	5.00	—	0.46
醇类 Alcohol	1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octen-3-ol	Coverlys TF150^®	0.87	0.20	0.26 a	0.50 a	0.33 a
		PO	0.80 a	0.46 a	0.49 a	0.19 a	0.35 a
	6-甲基-2-庚醇	Coverlys TF150^®	—	15.44	119.38	116.49 a	116.21 a
	6-Methyl-2-heptanol	PO	—	—	116.77	95.83 b	133.86 a
	反式-2-癸烯-1-醇	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.27	0.78	—	0.68 a
	(E)-2-Decen-1-ol	PO		—	0.84 a	0.54	0.75 a
醛类 Aldehydes	己醛 Hexanal	Coverlys TF150^®	226.33 b	165.40 a	150.77 a	164.00 a	150.70 b
		PO	250.90 a	144.43 b	132.30 b	150.09 a	177.09 a
	反式-2-己烯醛 (E)--2-Hexenal	Coverlys TF150^®	348.94 b	236.61 a	241.72 a	244.63 a	262.62 a
		PO	385.78 a	155.71 b	205.62 b	206.49 b	261.53 a
	壬醛 Nonanal	Coverlys TF150^®	26.38 a	5.94 b	13.31 a	7.37 a	0.33
		PO	25.11 a	12.84 a	0.68 b	7.13 a	0.33
	癸醛 Decanal	Coverlys TF150^®	4.25 a	—	2.83 a	0.07	0.17
		PO	5.81 a		2.00 b	—	0.20
酯类Ester	4-甲基戊酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	0.88	4.08 a	2.38 a	0.90 a	1.25 b
	Ethyl 4-methylpentanoate	PO	0.71	3.20 b	2.56 a	0.64 b	1.66 a
	2-己烯酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	1.26	0.32 a	2.78 a	1.31 a	1.63 a
	Ethyl 2-hexenoate	PO	1.48	1.07 b	2.53 a	0.97 a	1.31 a
	戊酸乙酯 Ethyl valerate	Coverlys TF150^®	3.69	4.70 a	3.66 a	1.34 a	1.23 a
		PO	—	4.88 a	3.56 a	1.62 a	1.49 a
	乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate	Coverlys TF150^®	36.44	11.94	2.49	—	—
		PO	—	5.53	—	—	3.37
	庚酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	—	2.71 b	0.50	2.10	2.21
	Ethyl heptanoate	PO	—	4.84 a	—	1.51	2.13
	反式-4-庚烯酸乙酯	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.29 b	0.18 a	0.3	42.19 a
	Ethyl (E)-4-heptenoate	PO	—	0.41 a	0.78 a	0.34	43.51 a
酮类Ketone	甲基庚烯酮 Methyl heptenone	Coverlys TF150^®	1.02 a	0.66	0.64	0.41 a	1.40
		PO	0.86 a	0.75	1.05	0.36 a	—
苯的衍生物	甲苯 Toluene	Coverlys TF150^®	4.99	0.56	0.52 a	0.48 a	2.95
Benzene		PO膜	5.69	0.50	0.39 a	0.23 a	2.61
erivatives	芴 Fluorene	Coverlys TF150^®	—	0.10	0.30	123.3	0.31
		PO	5.93	0.35	0.37	142.5	0.22
	邻伞花烃 o-Cymene	Coverlys TF150^®	0.30	3.46	2.72 a	3.16	2.03
		PO	0.46	4.73	2.25 a	1.52	1.36

年 Year	WAF	处理 Treatment	萜烯类 Terpene	醇类 Alcohol	醛类 Aldehydes	酯类 Ester	酮类 Ketone	苯的衍生物 Benzene erivatives
2020	12	Coverlys TF150^®	213.64 ± 6.65 a	20.12 ± 0.31 a	614.03 ± 8.12 b	7.87 ± 3.19 a	1.49 ± 0.59 a	33.19 ± 5.61 a
		PO	167.79 ± 7.12 b	16.06 ± 4.80 a	680.19 ± 6.61 a	7.55 ± 1.21 a	1.09 ± 0.09 a	42.36 ± 28.44 a
2021	9	Coverlys TF150^®	27.86 ± 1.36 a	17.87 ± 4.00 a	409.53 ± 5.74 a	25.80 ± 2.80 a	0.69 ± 0.15 a	8.07 ± 0.51 a
		PO	30.21 ± 2.90 a	1.63 ± 1.20 b	314.29 ± 13.26 b	18.06 ± 2.15 b	0.75 ± 0.09 a	8.54 ± 3.70 a
	10	Coverlys TF150^®	58.09 ± 4.38 a	121.49 ± 3.65 a	411.31 ± 25.19 a	10.97 ± 1.21 a	0.74 ± 0.11 a	4.27 ± 1.96 a
		PO	55.50 ± 2.61 a	121.24 ± 5.98 a	343.24 ± 10.15 b	9.70 ± 1.19 a	0.73 ± 0.64 a	4.28 ± 0.45 a
	11	Coverlys TF150^®	58.32 ± 3.07 a	117.53 ± 1.69 a	417.95 ± 23.71 a	6.82 ± 4.62 a	0.42 ± 0.28 a	4.19 ± 1.02 a
		PO	59.25 ± 8.51 a	97.18 ± 6.00 b	365.38 ± 12.00 b	8.34 ± 0.63 a	0.53 ± 0.11 a	3.11 ± 0.25 a
	12	Coverlys TF150^®	100.75 ± 2.35 a	117.64 ± 17.81 a	425.01 ± 19.97 a	7.24 ± 0.34 a	2.03	6.48 ± 2.02 a
		PO	89.70 ± 2.66 b	135.13 ± 5.17 a	447.80 ± 15.12 a	8.96 ± 1.79 a	—	7.65 ± 7.25 a