关键词: 葡萄, 果实品质, 叶片, 土壤, 营养诊断

Abstract:

The experimental materials were five-year-old vines of‘Summer Black’grape in the eastern Henan region. The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019. The mineral nutrient contents of soil and grape leaves，and the fruit quality at maturity were analyzed. The functional model of fruit comprehensive quality and soil and leaf mineral nutrients was established by the method of component nutritional diagnosis（CND），then the nutritional diagnosis analysis of soil and leaf was carried out to obtain the diagnostic criteria of soil and leaf nutrition. The main results showed that the contents of available N，P，K，Ca，and Mg in soil were at the rich level or above，the contents of available Cu，Fe and Mn were at the very rich level，the contents of available B and Zn were also at the rich level，the content of available Mo was at a low level. The variation range of each trace element caused by soil layer difference was small，the coefficient of variation was also at a medium level. Four high-quality plots were divided by soil nutrition diagnosis，which the range of available N，P，K，Fe，Mn，Cu，Zn，B，and Mo contents in all soil samples were 39.23 to 205.20，11.47 to 31.53，106.38 to 436.62，162.32 to 220.87，86.52 to 93.89，2.18 to 2.54，1.15 to 1.91，1.03 to 1.29，and 0.13 to 0.14 mg · kg^-1，respectively. The change in exchangeable Ca contents ranged from 6 599.83 to 7 513.33 mg · kg^-1，and exchangeable Mg content ranged from 550.52 to 592.15 mg · kg^-1. Five high-quality plots were divided by the leaf nutrition diagnosis，which the range of available N，P，K，Fe，Mn，Cu，Zn，B，and Mo contents in all leaves samples were 18.46 to 23.33 g · kg^-1，4.19 to 5.85 g · kg^-1，10.91 to 12.46 g · kg^-1，198.58 to 382.25 mg · kg^-1，67.23 to 119.25 mg · kg^-1，93.23 to 231.67 mg · kg^-1，29.16 to 52.13 mg · kg^-1，22.14 to 33.88 mg · kg^-1，0.71 to 1.11 mg · kg^-1，respectively. The change in exchangeable Ca contents ranged from 20.85 to 25.95 g · kg^-1，and exchangeable Mg content ranged from 3.68 to 4.30 g · kg^-1. In summary，conventional fertilization can be used for the diagnosed high-quality plots，and the fertilization suggestion for the corresponding low-quality plots are that for the elements with low contents such as B，Fe and Mo，are firstly considered to supplement with soil application when applying base fertilizer in early autumn. Mg should be management as conventional fertilization in soil，and foliar fertilizer should be applied less or no. Mn should be sprayed on the leaves during the main growth period of grapes. For P，K，Ca，Zn and other elements，the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately controlled in cultivation management.

Key words: grape, fruit quality, leaf, soil, nutritional diagnosis