外源碳对苹果根区土壤活性有机碳及植株生长的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0368

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以辽中地区较为典型的低碳砂质果园土壤为栽培基质，以‘寒富’苹果/山荆子幼苗（Malus × domesica‘Hanfu’/M. baccata）为试材，以有机物料分解最终产物之一且易被吸收利用的葡萄糖作为碳源，通过设置添加葡萄糖及土壤灭菌处理，研究苹果根域土壤活性有机碳库组分和根系呼吸等生理代谢过程对外源碳输入的响应。结果表明，土壤添加葡萄糖和灭菌后添加葡萄糖处理整体上提高了土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量，而单纯土壤灭菌处理则降低了土壤有机碳、微生物量碳和颗粒有机碳含量。添加葡萄糖和灭菌后添加葡萄糖处理显著提高了土壤纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性，提高了苹果植株根系参与呼吸代谢途径中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶的活性，并且增强光合能力，促进了植株生长。综上，在低碳砂质土壤中，按照土壤微生物碳本底水平添加5倍量的易分解碳源有利于提高土壤活性碳库组分含量，增强土壤酶活性，改善土壤质量，同时强化了苹果叶片光合能力，并最终促进植株生长发育。

关键词: 苹果, 葡萄糖, 土壤灭菌, 根区, 土壤活性有机碳库, 呼吸代谢, 生长发育

Abstract:

In this study，the seedlings of Malus × domesica ‘Hanfu’/M. baccata were planted on a typical low-carbon sandy soil in the apple orchard of Liaoning Province. Glucose which is one of the final products of decomposition of various organic substances and is easily absorbed and utilized is used as a carbon source. The method of adding glucose and soil sterilization treatment is designed to study the effect of exogenous carbon on the components of soil active organic carbon pool in apple root zone and plant growth and development. The results showed that adding glucose and adding glucose treatment after sterilization can significantly increase the content of low-carbon sandy soil organic carbon，microbial biomass carbon，water-soluble organic carbon and particulate organic carbon while the soil sterilization treatment alone reduced the soil organic carbon，microbial biomass carbon and particulate organic carbon content. Adding glucose and adding glucose after sterilization treatments significantly increased the soil cellulase and β-glucosidase activity. And adding glucose and adding glucose after sterilization treatments increase the key enzymes involved in respiratory metabolism pathways，phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase（PEPC），isoforms citrate dehydrogenase（IDH）and malate dehydrogenase（MDH）activities. Adding glucose and adding glucose after sterilization treatments enhance apple plant photosynthesis，promote biomass accumulation and plant growth. In summary，adding five times the amount of easily decomposable carbon source to low-carbon sandy soil according to the soil microbial background level can significantly increase soil organic carbon content and active organic carbon pool components，increase soil enzyme activity and the key enzymes involved in respiration metabolism activities，enhance the photosynthetic capacity of plants，and promote plant growth and development.

Key words: apple, glucose, soil sterilization, root zone, soil active organic carbon pool, respiratory metabolism, growth and development

中图分类号:

S661.1

秦嗣军, 张阔, 齐边斌, 于波, 吕德国. 外源碳对苹果根区土壤活性有机碳及植株生长的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(6): 1295-1304.

QIN Sijun, ZHANG Kuo, QI Bianbin, YU Bo, LÜ Deguo. Effects of Exogenous Glucose on Soil Active Organic Carbon Pool in Apple Root Zone and Plant Growth and Development[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(6): 1295-1304.

图/表 5

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时间/d	处理Treatment	有机碳/（g · kg^-1）SOC	微生物量碳/ （mg · kg^-1） MBC	水溶性有机碳/ （mg · kg^-1） DOC	颗粒有机碳/ （g · kg^-1） POC
3	对照Control	4.02 ± 0.06 c	213.55 ± 26.78 c	70.13 ± 6.15 c	0.43 ± 0.03 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.60 ± 0.08 b	330.96 ± 19.44 b	120.80 ± 6.21 b	0.47 ± 0.01 b
	灭菌Sterilization	3.80 ± 0.09 d	136.80 ± 12.21 d	65.01 ± 3.56 c	0.35 ± 0.02 d
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.80 ± 0.14 a	392.72 ± 14.53 a	130.85 ± 6.35 a	0.51 ± 0.01 a
7	对照Control	3.93 ± 0.08 c	254.82 ± 16.56 c	65.30 ± 3.69 c	0.43 ± 0.02 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.43 ± 0.09 b	415.35 ± 17.61 a	107.70 ± 10.83 b	0.48 ± 0.02 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.70 ± 0.05 d	146.23 ± 12.93 d	58.56 ± 4.63 c	0.35 ± 0.01 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.62 ± 0.15 a	352.15 ± 17.58 b	117.34 ± 8.34 a	0.50 ± 0.01 a
15	对照Control	3.99 ± 0.06 b	240.26 ± 16.16 b	61.39 ± 3.65 c	0.43 ± 0.02 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.32 ± 0.13 a	326.01 ± 20.11 a	82.62 ± 5.43 b	0.56 ± 0.02 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.74 ± 0.04 c	158.11 ± 19.13 c	57.08 ± 2.37 c	0.36 ± 0.03 d
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.40 ± 0.15 a	304.25 ± 15.63 a	97.30 ± 3.28 a	0.51 ± 0.02 b
30	对照Control	3.96 ± 0.08 b	270.83 ± 12.45 b	58.03 ± 8.31 b	0.42 ± 0.03 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.29 ± 0.11 a	307.37 ± 16.37 a	77.89 ± 6.13 a	0.58 ± 0.02 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.63 ± 0.03 c	152.15 ± 9.12 c	64.18 ± 5.28 b	0.36 ± 0.02 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.39 ± 0.15 a	302.94 ± 13.31 a	85.90 ± 3.25 a	0.56 ± 0.02 a
60	对照Control	3.87 ± 0.04 b	264.91 ± 9.46 b	63.81 ± 5.28 b	0.41 ± 0.01 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.18 ± 0.09 a	303.99 ± 15.43 a	65.49 ± 4.63 b	0.63 ± 0.01 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.62 ± 0.02 c	169.91 ± 8.59 c	53.94 ± 2.31 c	0.36 ± 0.03 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.30 ± 0.14 a	277.89 ± 21.33 ab	83.05 ± 4.21 a	0.61 ± 0.03 a

时间/d	处理Treatment	有机碳/（g · kg^-1）SOC	微生物量碳/ （mg · kg^-1） MBC	水溶性有机碳/ （mg · kg^-1） DOC	颗粒有机碳/ （g · kg^-1） POC
3	对照Control	4.02 ± 0.06 c	213.55 ± 26.78 c	70.13 ± 6.15 c	0.43 ± 0.03 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.60 ± 0.08 b	330.96 ± 19.44 b	120.80 ± 6.21 b	0.47 ± 0.01 b
	灭菌Sterilization	3.80 ± 0.09 d	136.80 ± 12.21 d	65.01 ± 3.56 c	0.35 ± 0.02 d
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.80 ± 0.14 a	392.72 ± 14.53 a	130.85 ± 6.35 a	0.51 ± 0.01 a
7	对照Control	3.93 ± 0.08 c	254.82 ± 16.56 c	65.30 ± 3.69 c	0.43 ± 0.02 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.43 ± 0.09 b	415.35 ± 17.61 a	107.70 ± 10.83 b	0.48 ± 0.02 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.70 ± 0.05 d	146.23 ± 12.93 d	58.56 ± 4.63 c	0.35 ± 0.01 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.62 ± 0.15 a	352.15 ± 17.58 b	117.34 ± 8.34 a	0.50 ± 0.01 a
15	对照Control	3.99 ± 0.06 b	240.26 ± 16.16 b	61.39 ± 3.65 c	0.43 ± 0.02 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.32 ± 0.13 a	326.01 ± 20.11 a	82.62 ± 5.43 b	0.56 ± 0.02 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.74 ± 0.04 c	158.11 ± 19.13 c	57.08 ± 2.37 c	0.36 ± 0.03 d
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.40 ± 0.15 a	304.25 ± 15.63 a	97.30 ± 3.28 a	0.51 ± 0.02 b
30	对照Control	3.96 ± 0.08 b	270.83 ± 12.45 b	58.03 ± 8.31 b	0.42 ± 0.03 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.29 ± 0.11 a	307.37 ± 16.37 a	77.89 ± 6.13 a	0.58 ± 0.02 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.63 ± 0.03 c	152.15 ± 9.12 c	64.18 ± 5.28 b	0.36 ± 0.02 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.39 ± 0.15 a	302.94 ± 13.31 a	85.90 ± 3.25 a	0.56 ± 0.02 a
60	对照Control	3.87 ± 0.04 b	264.91 ± 9.46 b	63.81 ± 5.28 b	0.41 ± 0.01 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	4.18 ± 0.09 a	303.99 ± 15.43 a	65.49 ± 4.63 b	0.63 ± 0.01 a
	灭菌Sterilization	3.62 ± 0.02 c	169.91 ± 8.59 c	53.94 ± 2.31 c	0.36 ± 0.03 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	4.30 ± 0.14 a	277.89 ± 21.33 ab	83.05 ± 4.21 a	0.61 ± 0.03 a

时间/d Time	处理 Treatment	β-葡萄糖苷酶/ （p-nitrophenol μg · g^-1 · h^-1） β-Glycosidase	纤维素酶/ （glucose mg ·g^-1· d^-1） Cellulase
3	对照Control	18.06 ± 0.48 b	0.075 ± 0.001 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	37.97 ± 1.28 a	0.693 ± 0.011 a
	灭菌Sterilization	16.44 ± 1.20 b	0.081 ± 0.010 b
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	35.52 ± 3.12 a	0.742 ± 0.010 a
7	对照Control	18.60 ± 0.49 c	0.103 ± 0.001 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	45.39 ± 5.41 a	0.199 ± 0.007 a
	灭菌Sterilization	16.92 ± 1.10 c	0.099 ± 0.001 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	41.13 ± 1.88 b	0.153 ± 0.017 b
15	对照Control	19.57 ± 2.99 d	0.070 ± 0.006 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	53.33 ± 9.77 a	0.106 ± 0.003 a
	灭菌Sterilization	28.67 ± 2.39 c	0.094 ± 0.006 ab
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	43.45 ± 5.34 b	0.091 ± 0.003 ab
30	对照Control	18.42 ± 1.26 c	0.072 ± 0.017 a
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	57.33 ± 8.31 a	0.069 ± 0.006 a
	灭菌Sterilization	16.09 ± 1.50 c	0.061 ± 0. 008 a
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	40.61 ± 7.45 b	0.077 ± 0.016 a
60	对照Control	16.83 ± 2.56 c	0.066 ± 0.004 ab
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	42.29 ± 3.39 a	0.065 ± 0.012 ab
	灭菌Sterilization	17.51 ± 3.10 c	0.058 ± 0.003 b
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	31.38 ± 3.12 b	0.074 ± 0.007 a

时间/d Time	处理 Treatment	β-葡萄糖苷酶/ （p-nitrophenol μg · g^-1 · h^-1） β-Glycosidase	纤维素酶/ （glucose mg ·g^-1· d^-1） Cellulase
3	对照Control	18.06 ± 0.48 b	0.075 ± 0.001 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	37.97 ± 1.28 a	0.693 ± 0.011 a
	灭菌Sterilization	16.44 ± 1.20 b	0.081 ± 0.010 b
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	35.52 ± 3.12 a	0.742 ± 0.010 a
7	对照Control	18.60 ± 0.49 c	0.103 ± 0.001 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	45.39 ± 5.41 a	0.199 ± 0.007 a
	灭菌Sterilization	16.92 ± 1.10 c	0.099 ± 0.001 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	41.13 ± 1.88 b	0.153 ± 0.017 b
15	对照Control	19.57 ± 2.99 d	0.070 ± 0.006 b
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	53.33 ± 9.77 a	0.106 ± 0.003 a
	灭菌Sterilization	28.67 ± 2.39 c	0.094 ± 0.006 ab
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	43.45 ± 5.34 b	0.091 ± 0.003 ab
30	对照Control	18.42 ± 1.26 c	0.072 ± 0.017 a
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	57.33 ± 8.31 a	0.069 ± 0.006 a
	灭菌Sterilization	16.09 ± 1.50 c	0.061 ± 0. 008 a
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	40.61 ± 7.45 b	0.077 ± 0.016 a
60	对照Control	16.83 ± 2.56 c	0.066 ± 0.004 ab
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	42.29 ± 3.39 a	0.065 ± 0.012 ab
	灭菌Sterilization	17.51 ± 3.10 c	0.058 ± 0.003 b
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖Sterilization and add glucose	31.38 ± 3.12 b	0.074 ± 0.007 a

时间/d Time	处理 Treatment	磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶/ (μmol · min^-1· g^-1FW) PEPC	苹果酸脱氢酶/ (μmol · min^-1· g^-1FW) MDH	异柠檬酸脱氢酶/ (μmol · min^-1· g^-1FW) IDH
3	对照Control	43.62 ± 8.07 c	64.31 ± 7.17 c	76.15 ± 4.33 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	59.15 ± 5.87 b	104.75 ± 6.61 b	146.43 ± 6.85 b
	灭菌Sterilization	41.16 ± 6.35 c	61.24 ± 4.22 c	43.15 ± 1.91 d
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	74.81 ± 8.78 a	123.60 ± 14.12 a	179.41 ± 12.50 a
7	对照Control	43.64 ± 2.76 c	67.13 ± 8.34 c	63.38 ± 4.34 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	60.94 ± 3.94 b	129.52 ± 11.28 b	121.16 ± 10.61 b
	灭菌Sterilization	30.07 ± 5.41 d	67.05 ± 8.92 c	56.38 ± 5.83 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	73.68 ± 7.15 a	146.43 ± 18.73 a	163.68 ± 12.81 a
15	对照Control	47.65 ± 3.17 b	68.01 ± 7.80 c	47.68 ± 3.65 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	66.01 ± 7.16 a	95.65 ± 6.06 b	100.47 ± 13.88 b
	灭菌Sterilization	32.99 ± 2.37 c	63.34 ± 3.63 c	51.86 ± 8.89 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	69.89 ± 3.63 a	116.88 ± 16.31 a	121.86 ± 10.74 a
30	对照Control	45.77 ± 7.27 c	64.31 ± 8.27 c	55.54 ± 8.65 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	57.41 ± 7.05 b	76.06 ± 7.86 b	89.43 ± 3.04 b
	灭菌Sterilization	21.79 ± 4.50 d	49.07 ± 3.51 d	66.99 ± 1.41 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	63.92 ± 4.57 a	88.11 ± 4.67 a	123.09 ± 19.17 a
60	对照Control	43.43 ± 5.14 c	66.94 ± 9.18 b	63.51 ± 8.71 c
	添加葡萄糖Adding glucose	55.36 ± 8.99 b	74.29 ± 3.51 a	72.27 ± 8.02 b
	灭菌Sterilization	20.69 ± 4.63 d	55.87 ± 3.43 b	64.22 ± 2.88 c
	灭菌后添加葡萄糖 Sterilization and add glucose	64.30 ± 8.91 a	72.94 ± 5.03 a	94.37 ± 7.11 a