基于光谱匹配的转光棚膜对甜椒生长与果实品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-1003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选适宜甜椒设施栽培的专用棚膜，以红色甜椒‘凯特琳'为试材，设置分别添加转光剂GTR650和VTR660的涂覆型消雾流滴无色乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）棚膜处理，以不添加转光剂的EVA棚膜为对照，探究不同转光棚膜的荧光光谱、力学特性和日光温室覆盖该转光棚膜的转光特性及其对甜椒植株生长、果实产量和主要品质的影响。结果表明，添加GTR650和VTR660的棚膜分别被520 nm的绿光和335 nm的紫外光激发，可在645 nm和654 nm处产生强烈的红光发射峰;日光温室覆盖GTR650和VTR660转光棚膜，红橙光和远红光透过率较对照显著提高，且VTR660膜高于GTR650膜;紫光和绿光透过率则较对照显著降低，其中，VTR660膜紫光透过率最低，GTR650膜绿光透过率最低;转光棚膜较对照力学强度显著升高，透光率则明显降低，其中VTR660膜的纵、横向拉伸强度和断裂伸长率较对照分别提高4.9%、10.4%和11.2%、11.5%。VTR660膜覆盖下甜椒植株的茎粗、叶片数、净光合速率及果实产量和维生素C、总酚、花青苷及总糖、淀粉和葡萄糖含量均显著高于对照及GTR650膜处理，产量和果实花青苷含量比对照分别提高了8.1%和40.8%;该棚膜覆盖还可明显提高甜椒果实中苯丙氨酸裂解酶、查尔酮异构酶、二氢黄酮醇还原酶、花青苷合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、中性转化酶、酸性转化酶和β-淀粉酶的活性。综上所述，添加VTR660转光剂的EVA棚膜的发射光谱与甜椒光合吸收光谱的匹配性较好，能够通过转化透过光质，显著提高棚膜下红橙光和远红光透过率，改善温室内光环境，促进甜椒植株生长及果实花青苷与糖代谢，有利于提高果实品质。

关键词: 甜椒, 设施栽培, 转光棚膜, 光谱, 透光率, 生长, 果实品质

Abstract:

In order to screen special greenhouse films suitable for the protected cultivation of sweet pepper，the coating-anti-fog ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer（EVA）colorless greenhouse films with the addition of light conversion agents of GTR650 and VTR660，respectively，were applied with the red sweet pepper variety of‘Kaitelin'as plant material in this study. This type of EVA greenhouse film without light conversion agent was used as control. Then，the fluorescence spectrum and mechanical properties of different light conversion greenhouse films and the light conversion characteristics under solar greenhouse when covered by these films as well as their effects on the growth，fruit yield and main quality of sweet pepper were studied. The results showed that the films with the addition of GTR650 and VTR660 were excited by 520 nm of green light and 335 nm of ultraviolet light，and then，produced red light emission peaks at 645 nm and 654 nm，respectively. Compared with control，the light conversion greenhouse films of GTR650 and VTR660 could significantly improve the transmittance of red-orange and far-red light under solar greenhouse，and it was found to be higher under film of VTR660 than that of GTR650. However，the transmittance of violet and green light was significantly reduced under light conversion greenhouse films，among which，the transmittance of violet light under VTR660 film and green light under GTR650 film was the lowest. In addition，compared with control，the mechanical strength of the light conversion greenhouse films was significantly higher，while the light transmittance was significantly lower. Moreover，the vertical and horizontal tensile strength and elongation at break of VTR660 film was increased by 4.9%，10.4% and 11.2%，11.5%，relative to control，respectively. The stem diameter，leaf numbers，net photosynthetic rate，fruit yield and content of vitamin C，total phenols，anthocyanins，total sugar，starch and glucose of sweet pepper under VTR660 film were significantly higher than those of control and GTR650 film，and the yield and anthocyanin content of sweet pepper fruit under VTR660 film was increased by 8.1% and 40.8% relative to control，separately. Covering this greenhouse film could evidently enhance the activities of penylalaninelyase，chalcone isomerase，dihydroflavonol reductase，anthocyanin synthase，sucrose synthase，sucrose phosphate synthase，neutral invertase，acid invertase and β-amylase in sweet pepper fruit. In summary，in the present study，the emission spectrum of EVA greenhouse film added by light conversion agent of VTR660 could match well with the photosynthetic absorption spectrum of sweet pepper，and optimize the light environment under solar greenhouse by converting the transmitted light qualities，namely by enhancing the transmittance of red-orange and far-red light. This was conducive to the plant growth of sweet pepper and promoted the anthocyanin and sugar metabolism in fruit，subsequently improved the fruit quality.

Key words: sweet pepper, protected cultivation, light conversion greenhouse film, spectrum, transmittance, growth, fruit quality

高金汇, 张聃丘, 廉世勋, 王传清, 魏珉, 米庆华, 李岩. 基于光谱匹配的转光棚膜对甜椒生长与果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(12): 2653-2664.

GAO Jinhui, ZHANG Danqiu, LIAN Shixun, WANG Chuanqing, WEI Min, MI Qinghua, LI Yan. Effects of Spectral Matching-based Light Conversion Greenhouse Films on Growth and Fruit Quality of Capsicum annuum[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(12): 2653-2664.

图/表 12

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处理 Treatment	400 ~ 440 nm 紫光Violet	440 ~ 510 nm 蓝光Blue	510 ~ 610 nm 绿光Green	610 ~ 710 nm 红橙光Red	710 ~ 760 nm 远红光Far-red	透光率 Transmittance
对照Control	8.98 ± 0.03 a	20.45 ± 0.10 a	30.10 ± 0.02 a	27.31 ± 0.02 c	11.88 ± 0.10 c	83.87 ± 0.89 a
GTR650	8.89 ± 0.02 b	20.45 ± 0.09 a	29.45 ± 0.01 c	28.60 ± 0.10 b	12.12 ± 0.05 b	78.01 ± 1.51 c
VTR660	8.05 ± 0.01 c	20.45 ± 0.09 a	29.82 ± 0.02 b	29.19 ± 0.08 a	12.47 ± 0.07 a	81.10 ± 1.17 b

处理 Treatment	400 ~ 440 nm 紫光Violet	440 ~ 510 nm 蓝光Blue	510 ~ 610 nm 绿光Green	610 ~ 710 nm 红橙光Red	710 ~ 760 nm 远红光Far-red	透光率 Transmittance
对照Control	8.98 ± 0.03 a	20.45 ± 0.10 a	30.10 ± 0.02 a	27.31 ± 0.02 c	11.88 ± 0.10 c	83.87 ± 0.89 a
GTR650	8.89 ± 0.02 b	20.45 ± 0.09 a	29.45 ± 0.01 c	28.60 ± 0.10 b	12.12 ± 0.05 b	78.01 ± 1.51 c
VTR660	8.05 ± 0.01 c	20.45 ± 0.09 a	29.82 ± 0.02 b	29.19 ± 0.08 a	12.47 ± 0.07 a	81.10 ± 1.17 b

处理 Treatment	雾度/% Haze	拉伸强度/MPa Tensile strength		断裂伸长率/% Elongation at break		直角撕裂强度/（kN · m^-1） Right angle tear resistance
处理 Treatment	雾度/% Haze	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal
对照 Control	15.90 ± 0.16 b	30.70 ± 0.14 b	33.50 ± 0.21 c	644.20 ± 5.28 c	703.60 ± 6.41 c	93.80 ± 1.08 c	110.40 ± 1.35 c
GTR650	16.80 ± 0.12 a	31.80 ± 0.18 a	35.80 ± 0.24 b	687.00 ± 3.88 b	723.40 ± 4.63 b	103.20 ± 1.36 a	118.60 ± 1.71 a
VTR660	16.20 ± 0.17 b	32.20 ± 0.20 a	37.00 ± 0.26 a	716.30 ± 5.86 a	784.30 ± 7.26 a	97.20 ± 1.12 b	115.40 ± 1.24 b

处理 Treatment	雾度/% Haze	拉伸强度/MPa Tensile strength		断裂伸长率/% Elongation at break		直角撕裂强度/（kN · m^-1） Right angle tear resistance
处理 Treatment	雾度/% Haze	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal
对照 Control	15.90 ± 0.16 b	30.70 ± 0.14 b	33.50 ± 0.21 c	644.20 ± 5.28 c	703.60 ± 6.41 c	93.80 ± 1.08 c	110.40 ± 1.35 c
GTR650	16.80 ± 0.12 a	31.80 ± 0.18 a	35.80 ± 0.24 b	687.00 ± 3.88 b	723.40 ± 4.63 b	103.20 ± 1.36 a	118.60 ± 1.71 a
VTR660	16.20 ± 0.17 b	32.20 ± 0.20 a	37.00 ± 0.26 a	716.30 ± 5.86 a	784.30 ± 7.26 a	97.20 ± 1.12 b	115.40 ± 1.24 b

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/mm Stem diameter	节间长度/cm Internode length	叶片数 Leaf number
对照Control	101.00 ± 1.78 a	11.07 ± 0.82 c	3.20 ± 0.05 b	97.71 ± 1.20 c
GTR650	101.67 ± 1.24 a	11.60 ± 0.63 b	3.43 ± 0.04 a	104.06 ± 1.31 b
VTR660	101.33 ± 1.53 a	11.77 ± 0.47 a	3.33 ± 0.07 ab	110.00 ± 1.42 a