设施栽培模式下‘冬枣’光合效率限制因子研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1139

园艺学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 647-656.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1139

设施栽培模式下‘冬枣’光合效率限制因子研究

李玉婷¹, 任利慧¹, 王媛², 周爱英³, 杨维⁴, 黄建¹^,^*()

¹西北农林科技大学林学院，国家林业与草原局黄土高原林木培育重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
²西北农林科技大学生命科学学院，陕西杨凌 712100
³陕西省大荔县红枣发展中心，陕西大荔 715100
⁴陕西省大荔县林业技术推广站，陕西大荔 715100

收稿日期:2022-08-22 修回日期:2022-10-28 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-03
通讯作者: *（E-mail：huangj@nwsuaf.edu.cn）
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001605);西北农林科技大学仲英青年学者基金项目

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’Under Protected Cultivation

LI Yuting¹, REN Lihui¹, WANG Yuan², ZHOU Aiying³, YANG Wei⁴, HUANG Jian¹^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture in Loess Plateau，College of Forestry，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
²College of Life Sciences，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
³Jujube Research Center of Dali，Dali，Shaanxi 715100，China
⁴Forestry Technology Extension Station of Dali，Dali，Shaanxi 715100，China

Received:2022-08-22 Revised:2022-10-28 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-03
Contact: *（E-mail：huangj@nwsuaf.edu.cn）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在温室、避雨棚和露地3种栽培模式下，对‘冬枣’植株的光合规律进行比较研究。结果表明：温室、避雨棚较露地，降低了光合有效辐射（PAR）和饱和水汽压差（Vpd）。露地和温室栽培模式下‘冬枣’净光合速率（P_n）日变化为双峰型曲线，温室内‘冬枣’午后峰值显著高于上午峰值，避雨棚栽培模式下‘冬枣’净光合速率（P_n）日变化为上午高，下午低，逐步下降趋势。3种栽培模式净光合速率（P_n）日均值无显著差异，但避雨棚和温室栽培‘冬枣’光饱和点（LSP）显著高于露地。通用线性模型分析表明，P_n与Vpd、环境温度（T）、PAR、相对湿度（RH）等环境因子呈显著相关关系，其中温室栽培下P_n与T和Vpd呈正相关，而在避雨棚和露地中呈负相关。各栽培模式下光合效率限制因子不相同，‘冬枣’露地“光合午休”是由气孔限制引起，而避雨棚和温室“光合午休”则是由气孔和非气孔两种限制因素共同作用导致的；露地栽培模式植株气孔限制值（L_s）高于避雨棚和温室栽培，避雨棚和温室栽培非气孔限制值（P_n/G_s）高于露地。设施栽培模式显著改变环境因子以及植株的净光合速率（P_n）日变化规律，合理调控温度、湿度等环境因子降低设施内部非气孔限制是提高设施栽培冬枣光合效率的有效途径，避雨棚模式下，下午棚内应当及时通风降温；温室栽培模式下，上午进行通风补光，以提升‘冬枣’植株的光合能力。

关键词: 枣, 设施栽培, 净光合速率, 气孔限制, 光饱和点

Abstract:

Protected cultivation provides an operative way to advance‘Dongzao’jujube mature season and avoid fruit crack when raining，leading to high economic benefits. However，environmental control in facility is critical for ensuring tree growth and fruit production of‘Dongzao’jujube under protected cultivation. The dynamics and ability of photosynthesis could reflect the environmental amenity for plants. In order to explore the photosynthetic characteristics of‘Dongzao’jujube and the main associated constraints under protected cultivation，the photosynthetic characteristics under three kinds of cultivation models，i.e.，open filed，rain shelter and greenhouse，were measured and compared at full-bloom stage. The results showed that environmental conditions in protected cultivation were largely changed compared with those in open field，especially for photosynthetically active radiation（PAR）and vapor pressure deficiency（Vpd）. The diurnal change trend of net photosynthetic rate（P_n）at afternoon was higher than that at morning in greenhouse，but the diurnal change trend of P_n under shelter decreased gradually. There was no significant difference in mean P_n among three cultivation models. The light saturated point（LSP）among shelter and greenhouse were significantly higher than that of open field. The P_n was significantly correlated with several factors，such as environmental temperature（T），PAR，relative humidity（RH）and Vpd. In particular，P_nwas positively correlated with T and Vpd in greenhouse while negatively in open field and shelter. ‘Dongzao’jujube under three cultivation models showed the midday depression of photosynthesis were uncovered，which was mainly caused by stomatal limitation under open field，while under shelter and greenhouse，stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation were both caused the midday depression of photosynthesis. In brief，environmental conditions in protected cultivation were largely changed，and the diurnal change trend of P_n under protected cultivation were alternated correspondingly. According to these results，the photosynthesis ability of‘Dongzao’can be improved by optimizing temperature and humidity under protected cultivation.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba, protected cultivation, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance limitation, light saturation point

中图分类号:

S665.1

李玉婷, 任利慧, 王媛, 周爱英, 杨维, 黄建. 设施栽培模式下‘冬枣’光合效率限制因子研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(3): 647-656.

LI Yuting, REN Lihui, WANG Yuan, ZHOU Aiying, YANG Wei, HUANG Jian. Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’Under Protected Cultivation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(3): 647-656.

图/表 5

图1 不同栽培模式下光合有效辐射（PAR）、饱和水汽压差（Vpd）、环境温度（T）和空气相对湿度（RH）的日变化

Fig. 1 Diurnal changes of photosynthetically active radiation（PAR），vapor pressure deficit（Vpd），atmospheric temperature（T）and air relative humidity（RH）

图2 ‘冬枣’净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和水分利用效率（WUE）的日变化显著性检验采用单因素方差分析（Tukey检验，0.05水平），不同小写字母表示同一时间不同栽培模式间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 2 Diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate（Pn），intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr）and water use efficiency（WUE） One-way ANNOVA，Tukey test at 0.05 level. Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences among different type of cultivation at the same time at 0.05 level.

图3 不同栽培模式下‘冬枣’的光响应曲线

Fig. 3 Light response curve of‘Dongzao’jujube under different type of cultivation

表1 不同栽培模式下‘冬枣’净光合速率对环境因子和光合有效辐射的响应

Table 1 Correlations between photosynthetic parameters and environmental factors of‘Dongzao’jujube under different type of cultivation

栽培类型 Cultivation type	饱和水汽压差Vapor pressure deficit（Vpd）	温度Atmospheric temperature（T）	相对湿度Air relative humidity（RH）	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation（PAR）
露地Open field	-0.358^**	-0.087	0.284^**	0.374^**
避雨棚Rain shelter	-0.583^**	-0.364^**	0.405^**	0.330^**
温室Greenhouse	0.472^**	0.340^**	0.199^**	0.742^**

图4 ‘冬枣’叶片气孔限制值（Ls）和非气孔限制值（Pn/Gs）日变化

Fig. 4 Simultaneous diurnal variations of stomatal limitation index（Ls）and non-stomatal limitation index（Pn/Gs）of‘Dongzao’jujube

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设施栽培模式下‘冬枣’光合效率限制因子研究

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’Under Protected Cultivation

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设施栽培模式下‘冬枣’光合效率限制因子研究

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’Under Protected Cultivation

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