不同砧木红江橙容器栽培生长和果实品质分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0256

园艺学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1547-1562.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0256

不同砧木红江橙容器栽培生长和果实品质分析

陈敏¹^,², 吴天利², 吕远达²^,³, 姜波², 闫化学³, 李娟¹^,^*(), 钟云²^,^*()

¹ 仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院，广州 510225
² 广东省农业科学院果树研究所，广州 510640
³ 农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室，广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室，广州 510640

收稿日期:2023-02-07 修回日期:2023-04-02 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-26
通讯作者:
^* （E-mail：13751774213@139.com，
^* （E-mail：13751774213@139.com，
基金资助:
广东省重点研发计划项目(2022B0202070002); 2021年广东省科技专项(210907114532092); 广东省柑橘杧果产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2022KJ108); 国家自然科学基金项目(32002016); 国家自然科学基金项目(32072535)

Analysis on Growth，Physiology and Fruit Quality of‘Hongjiang’Orange Grafted with Different Rootstocks Under Container Culture

CHEN Min¹^,², WU Tianli², Lü Yuanda²^,³, JIANG Bo², YAN Huaxue³, LI Juan¹^,^*(), ZHONG Yun²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture，Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，Guangzhou 510225，China
² Institute of Fruit Tree Research，Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guangzhou 510640，China
³ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research，Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Guangzhou 510640，China

Received:2023-02-07 Revised:2023-04-02 Published:2023-07-25 Online:2023-07-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从生长、生理和果实品质等多角度评价资阳香橙（Citrus junons Sieb. ex Tanaka）、卡里佐枳橙（C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata）、枳[P. trifoliata（L.）Raf.]和飞龙枳（P. trifoliata var. monstrosa）对红江橙的影响，为筛选网室容器栽培柑橘优良砧木提供依据。试验结果表明，资阳香橙砧的嫁接成活率、根系发育、单叶质量和单果质量均显著高于其他砧木的，嫁接口愈合完全，但果实品质略差；卡里佐枳橙砧的树势最强，枝皮率极低，初果期果实品质优，表现为果面光滑、沟纹少，果肉可溶性固形物、总糖显著高于其他砧木的，固酸比、总黄酮及氨基酸含量均显著高于资阳香橙砧的；飞龙枳和枳砧的嫁接成活率低，树势弱，嫁接口愈合不完全，根系发育缓慢。故容器栽培卡里佐枳橙砧与红江橙组合综合表现最佳。相关性分析表明，嫁接成活率、树势与嫁接口的生长素/脱落酸（IAA/ABA）、赤霉素/脱落酸（GA₃/ABA）、生长素/细胞分裂素（IAA/ZR）呈正相关；穗砧茎粗比与嫁接口处ZR、ABA及ZR/ABA呈显著负相关；树势与接穗枝皮率、叶片ABA水平、IAA/GA₃呈显著负相关，与叶片含水量、氮、钾、锌元素显著负相关，但与叶片ZR/ABA显著正相关；根系生长量与ZR、BR、ABA呈负相关，与IAA/ZR、IAA/GA₃呈正相关。以上结果说明，激素互作在不同砧穗组合的嫁接亲和性、树势和根系发育等方面发挥着重要作用。

关键词: 柑橘, 砧木, 容器栽培, 激素, 嫁接亲和性, 树势, 根系发育, 果实品质

Abstract:

This study evaluated the effects of four rootstocks，Ziyang Xiangcheng（Citrus junons Sieb. ex. Tanaka），Carrizo citrange（C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata），Trifoliate orange[P. trifoliata（L.）Raf.] and Flying Dragon（P. trifoliata var. monstrosa）on growth performance，physiology and fruit quality characteristics of‘Hongjiang’orange[C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] scion cultivar. Their correlation and difference were analyzed to provide a reference for screening excellent rootstock of citrus cultivated in the insect-proof net and container. The experimental results showed that the grafting survival rate，root development，single-leaf weight and single fruit weight of Ziyang Xiangcheng rootstock were significantly higher than other rootstocks. The grafting interface healed completely in Ziyang Xiangcheng rootstock；however，the fruit quality was inferior compared with other rootstocks.‘Hongjiang’orange plants grafted with Carrizo citrange rootstock had the strongest growth vigor，with extremely low bark（phloem）in the stem. Moreover，the fruit quality of Carrizo citrange rootstock was also excellent，with a smooth peel and fewer grooves. It has significantly more soluble solids and total sugars in the flesh than other rootstocks；in contrast，soluble solids/acidity ratio，total flavonoids and amino acid content were substantially higher than Ziyang Xiangcheng rootstock. Flying Dragon and Trifoliate orange rootstocks had lower graft survival rates，incomplete graft healing，slow root development，and weak growth vigour than more vigorous rootstocks. Therefore，the combination of‘Hongjiang’orange grafted on Carrizo citrange rootstock performed good horticultural performance under container culture. Pearson correlation analysis showed that graft survival and tree vigour were positively correlated with IAA/ABA，GA₃/ABA and IAA/ZR at the grafting union；scion to stock trunk diameter ratio was negatively correlated with ZR，ABA and ZR/ABA in grafting union. Tree vigour was significantly negatively correlated with proportions of scion bark，leaf ABA level，IAA/GA₃，and significantly negatively correlated with leaf water content，N，K and Zn，but significantly positively correlated with leaf ZR/ABA. Root growth was negatively correlated with ZR，BR and ABA，and positively correlated with IAA/ZR and IAA/GA₃. The above indicates that hormonal interactions play an important role in grafting compatibility，vigour potential and root development of different rootstock combinations.

Key words: citrus, rootstock, container culture, hormonal, graft compatibility, vigour potential, root growth, fruit quality

陈敏, 吴天利, 吕远达, 姜波, 闫化学, 李娟, 钟云. 不同砧木红江橙容器栽培生长和果实品质分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(7): 1547-1562.

CHEN Min, WU Tianli, Lü Yuanda, JIANG Bo, YAN Huaxue, LI Juan, ZHONG Yun. Analysis on Growth，Physiology and Fruit Quality of‘Hongjiang’Orange Grafted with Different Rootstocks Under Container Culture[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(7): 1547-1562.

图/表 15

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砧木 Rootstock	茎 Stem				根 Root
砧木 Rootstock	接穗枝皮率/% Proportions of scion bark		砧木枝皮率/% Proportions of stock bark	穗砧茎粗比 Scion to stock trunk diam ratio	根皮率/% Proportions of root bark	总长/m Length	干质量/g Dry weight	表面积/cm² Surface area	平均直径/mm Average diameter	体积/cm³ Volume
资阳香橙 Ziyang Xiangcheng	18.9 ± 1.6 b	14.1 ± 0.3 a		0.7 ± 0.1 a	23.7 ± 3.3 ab	754 ± 270 a	191 ± 43 a	17 546 ± 6 610 a	28 ± 8 a	329 ± 129 a
卡里佐枳橙 Carrizo citrange	14.3 ± 0.4 b	7.2 ± 0.1 b		0.7 ± 0.0 a	13.0 ± 1.6 b	356 ± 50 ab	99 ± 13 b	7 394 ± 1 027 ab	11 ± 1 b	126 ± 18 b
枳 Trifoliate orange	26.6 ± 2.1 a	13.6 ± 2.0 a		0.7 ± 0.0 a	30.9 ± 6.5 a	269 ± 46 b	40 ± 5 b	4 420 ± 615 b	7 ± 1 b	60 ± 6 b
飞龙枳 Flying Dragon	28.5 ± 2.5 a	11.7 ± 0.3 a		0.5 ± 0.1 b	25.7 ± 7.0 ab	303 ± 109 ab	48 ± 9 b	5 507 ± 2 045 b	7 ± 2 b	81 ± 31 b

砧木 Rootstock	茎 Stem				根 Root
砧木 Rootstock	接穗枝皮率/% Proportions of scion bark		砧木枝皮率/% Proportions of stock bark	穗砧茎粗比 Scion to stock trunk diam ratio	根皮率/% Proportions of root bark	总长/m Length	干质量/g Dry weight	表面积/cm² Surface area	平均直径/mm Average diameter	体积/cm³ Volume
资阳香橙 Ziyang Xiangcheng	18.9 ± 1.6 b	14.1 ± 0.3 a		0.7 ± 0.1 a	23.7 ± 3.3 ab	754 ± 270 a	191 ± 43 a	17 546 ± 6 610 a	28 ± 8 a	329 ± 129 a
卡里佐枳橙 Carrizo citrange	14.3 ± 0.4 b	7.2 ± 0.1 b		0.7 ± 0.0 a	13.0 ± 1.6 b	356 ± 50 ab	99 ± 13 b	7 394 ± 1 027 ab	11 ± 1 b	126 ± 18 b
枳 Trifoliate orange	26.6 ± 2.1 a	13.6 ± 2.0 a		0.7 ± 0.0 a	30.9 ± 6.5 a	269 ± 46 b	40 ± 5 b	4 420 ± 615 b	7 ± 1 b	60 ± 6 b
飞龙枳 Flying Dragon	28.5 ± 2.5 a	11.7 ± 0.3 a		0.5 ± 0.1 b	25.7 ± 7.0 ab	303 ± 109 ab	48 ± 9 b	5 507 ± 2 045 b	7 ± 2 b	81 ± 31 b

生长指标 Growth index	成活率 Grafting survival rate	接穗长 Shoot length	接穗茎粗 Stem diameter	接穗枝皮率 Proportions of scion bark	砧木枝皮率 Proportions of rootstock bark
接穗长Shoot length	0.893
接穗茎粗 Stem diameter	0.970^*	0.972^*
接穗枝皮率Proportions of scion bark	-0.883	-0.975^*	-0.940
砧木枝皮率Proportions of rootstock bark	-0.123	-0.520	-0.309	0.573
穗砧茎粗比Scion to stock trunk diam ratio	0.823	0.616	0.704	-0.727	-0.059

生长指标 Growth index	成活率 Grafting survival rate	接穗长 Shoot length	接穗茎粗 Stem diameter	接穗枝皮率 Proportions of scion bark	砧木枝皮率 Proportions of rootstock bark
接穗长Shoot length	0.893
接穗茎粗 Stem diameter	0.970^*	0.972^*
接穗枝皮率Proportions of scion bark	-0.883	-0.975^*	-0.940
砧木枝皮率Proportions of rootstock bark	-0.123	-0.520	-0.309	0.573
穗砧茎粗比Scion to stock trunk diam ratio	0.823	0.616	0.704	-0.727	-0.059

器官 Organ	激素 Hormone	成活率 Grafting survival rate	接穗长 Shoot length	接穗茎粗 Stem diameter	接穗枝皮率 Proportions of scion bark	砧木枝皮率 Proportions of rootstock bark	穗砧茎粗比 Scion to stock trunk diam ratio
叶片 Leaf	IAA	-0.863	-0.820	-0.831	0.916	0.402	-0.929
叶片 Leaf	GA₃	0.211	0.277	0.313	-0.059	0.174	-0.359
	ZR	0.752	0.855	0.792	-0.946	-0.667	0.773
	BR	-0.377	-0.390	-0.335	0.583	0.517	-0.741
	ABA	-0.905	-0.963^*	-0.975*	0.887	0.324	-0.529
嫁接口	IAA	0.799	0.923	0.909	-0.816	-0.371	0.344
Graft union	GA₃	0.855	0.928	0.939	-0.826	-0.292	0.422
	ZR	-0.835	-0.651	-0.728	0.761	0.112	-0.998^**
	BR	0.613	0.583	0.663	-0.402	0.165	0.090
	ABA	-0.942	-0.770	-0.858	0.831	0.089	-0.966^*
叶片	IAA/ABA	-0.755	-0.691	-0.699	0.826	0.386	-0.941
Leaf	GA₃/ABA	0.382	0.489	0.503	-0.284	-0.004	-0.206
	BR/ABA	-0.224	-0.137	-0.123	0.351	0.282	-0.706
	ZR/ABA	0.947	0.964^*	0.969^*	-0.986^*	-0.428	0.802
	IAA/GA₃	-0.838	-0.972^*	-9.440	0.897	0.465	-0.445
	IAA/ZR	-0.858	-0.725	-0.778	0.831	0.223	-0.984^*
嫁接口 Graft union	IAA/ABA	0.942	0.939	0.981^*	-0.866	-0.213	0.590
	GA₃/ABA	0.983^*	0.933	0.991^**	-0.889	-0.178	0.709
	BR/ABA	0.883	0.765	0.874	-0.656	0.123	0.506
	ZR/ABA	-0.836	-0.666	-0.736	0.778	0.145	-0.996^**
	IAA/GA₃	0.149	0.282	0.282	-0.064	0.050	-0.433
	IAA/ZR	0.997^**	0.924	0.985^*	-0.912	-0.191	0.801

不同砧木红江橙容器栽培生长和果实品质分析

Analysis on Growth，Physiology and Fruit Quality of‘Hongjiang’Orange Grafted with Different Rootstocks Under Container Culture

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激素 Hormone	干质量 Dry weight	根总长 Length	表面积 Surface area	平均直径Average diameter	根体积 Root volume	根皮率 Proportions of root bark
IAA	0.467	0.632	0.609	0.573	0.591	0.374
GA₃	-0.759	-0.858	-0.848	-0.821	-0.838	-0.071
ZR	-0.980^*	-0.910	-0.927	-0.938	-0.936	0.474
BR	-0.952^*	-0.928	-0.941	-0.931	-0.944	0.412
ABA	0.327	0.099	0.144	0.166	0.168	-0.959^*
IAA/ABA	0.222	0.436	0.400	0.367	0.376	0.689
GA₃/ABA	-0.914	-0.914	-0.924	-0.908	-0.924	0.342
BR/ABA	-0.873	-0.737	-0.765	-0.784	-0.782	0.698
ZR/ABA	-0.905	-0.791	-0.819	-0.824	-0.832	0.705
IAA/GA₃	0.889	0.970^*	0.959^*	0.950	0.952^*	0.085
IAA/ZR	0.917	0.983^*	0.973^*	0.971^*	0.968^*	0.060

砧木 Rootstock	N/%	P/%	K/%	Ca/%	Mg/%	B/（mg · kg^-1）	Zn/（mg · kg^-1）	Fe/（mg · kg^-1）
资阳香橙 ZiyangXiangcheng	2.02 ± 0.02 c	0.15 ± 0.00. c	1.71 ± 0.03 b	3.11 ± 0.04 b	0.38 ± 0.00 a	105.50 ± 1.30 a	24.80 ± 0.60 b	69.90 ± 1.50 b
卡里佐枳橙 Carrizo citrange	2.05 ± 0.04 c	0.20 ± 0.00 ab	1.47 ± 0.04 c	3.24 ± 0.07 ab	0.37 ± 0.00 a	98.80 ± 1.70 a	22.20 ± 0.20 c	94.50 ± 2.20 a
枳 Trifoliate orange	2.41 ± 0.04 b	0.17 ± 0.00 a	1.80 ± 0.07 ab	3.13 ± 0.06 b	0.30 ± 0.01 b	107.10 ± 1.10 a	28.80 ± 0.80 a	86.30 ± 5.40 a
飞龙枳 Flying Dragon	2.61 ± 0.01 a	0.16 ± 0.00 b	1.89 ± 0.05 a	3.37 ± 0.05 a	0.31 ± 0.01 b	123.40 ± 20.70 a	30.50 ± 0.80 a	94.80 ± 2.90 a
甜橙类适量范围^*Appropriate standard	2.50 ~ 3.00	0.13 ~ 0.18	1.00 ~ 1.60	2.80 ~ 4.20	0.20 ~ 0.26	40.0 ~ 80.0	13.0 ~ 20.0	60.0 ~ 130.0

生长指标 Growth index	接穗长 Shoot length	接穗茎粗 Stem diameter	单叶鲜质量 Fresh weight per leaf	单叶干质量 Dry weight per leaf	叶片含水量 Leaf water content
叶片含水量 Leaf water content	-0.984^*	-0.751	-0.850	-0.878	1
N	-0.986^*	-0.761	-0.842	-0.871	1.000^**
P	-0.250	0.217	-0.708	-0.691	0.387
K	-0.903	-0.994^**	-0.382	-0.433	0.811
Ca	-0.531	-0.212	-0.760	-0.748	0.618
Mg	0.925	0.676	0.816	0.845	-0.946
B	-0.893	-0.855	-0.576	-0.609	0.854
Zn	-0.983^*	-0.928	-0.612	-0.656	0.936
Fe	-0.377	0.143	-0.898	-0.870	0.536

砧木 Rootstock	果面光滑度 Peel smoothness	沟纹 Flute	单果质量/g Fruit weight	横径/ mm Transverse diameter	纵径/mm Vertical diameter	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果皮厚/mm Peel thickness
资阳香橙 Ziyang Xiangcheng	光滑，少部分粗糙 Smooth，less rough	中 Mideum	169.3 ± 6.1 a	69.4 ± 1.1 a	65.3 ± 0.9 a	0.94 ± 0.01 a	2.61 ± 0.12 a
卡里佐枳橙 Carrizo citrange	光滑 Smooth	少Few	131.3 ± 7.5 b	63.9 ± 1.0 b	61.1 ± 0.9 b	0.96 ± 0.01 a	2.58 ± 0.16 a
枳 Trifoliate orange	多粗糙 More rough	中 Mideum	116.4 ± 8.0 b	62.3 ± 1.4 b	60.1 ± 1.4 b	0.96 ± 0.01 a	2.61 ± 0.12 a
飞龙枳 Flying Dragon	多粗糙 More rough	中 Mideum	125.7 ± 11.4 b	63.0 ± 1.6 b	59.9 ± 1.4 b	0.95 ± 0.01 a	2.71 ± 0.15 a

砧木 Rootstock	可溶性固形物/ ^◦Brix Soluble solids	总糖/ （mg · g^-1） Total sugar	可滴定酸/ （mg · g^-1）Titratable acidity	固酸比 Soluble solids/acidity ratio	维生素C/（μg · g^-1） Vitamin C	总酚/（μg · g^-1） Total phenol	总黄酮/ （μg · g^-1） Total flavonoid	氨基酸/ （μmol · g^-1）Amino acid
资阳香橙 Ziyang Xiangcheng	12.5 ± 0.1 b	68.1 ± 2.5 b	8.3 ± 1.0 a	14.0 ± 0.7 b	320.4 ± 20.7 a	393.5 ± 15.5 a	87.4 ± 5.7 b	11.0 ± 0.5 b
卡里佐枳橙 Carrizo citrange	14.8 ± 0.1 a	88.5 ± 7.1 a	7.8 ± 0.5 a	20.4 ± 0.5 a	304.6 ± 14.7 a	435.3 ± 22.6 a	105.3 ± 0.8 a	19.8 ± 1.5 a
枳 Trifoliate orange	12.1 ± 0.6 b	63.8 ± 7.3 b	6.6 ± 0.3 a	19.0 ± 1.0 a	249.5 ± 31.4 a	393.4 ± 23.4 a	94.8 ± 3.5 ab	19.1 ± 1.3 a
飞龙枳 Flying Dragon	12.4 ± 0.3 b	63.8 ± 3.3 b	6.3 ± 0.6 a	19.0 ± 1.0 a	262.9 ± 29.1 a	392.7 ± 9.1 a	86.7 ± 3.1 b	20.4 ± 1.7 a

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不同砧木红江橙容器栽培生长和果实品质分析

Analysis on Growth，Physiology and Fruit Quality of‘Hongjiang’Orange Grafted with Different Rootstocks Under Container Culture

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