普通型与短枝型苹果接穗对嫁接幼树根系构型的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0771

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以嫁接在‘冀砧2号’自根砧上的‘天红1号’（普通型红富士）、‘天红2号’（短枝型红富士）1年生盆栽苹果幼树为试材，以‘冀砧2号’/‘冀砧2号’为对照，研究不同生长类型品种接穗嫁接在‘冀砧2号’自根砧上的根系构型和内源激素含量差异。结果表明，‘天红1号’接穗植株新梢长度、地上部鲜质量、根系鲜质量和根冠比最高。‘天红1号’接穗植株根系活力显著高于‘天红2号’接穗植株和对照植株。‘天红1号’接穗植株根系体积、根尖数最大；对照植株的根系长度、表面积、根平均直径和根分叉数最大。‘天红1号’接穗植株叶片IAA含量，根系IAA、ZR和GA₃含量最高。‘天红1号’接穗植株根系MdPIN1a、MdAUX1、MdARF7和MdYUCCA10相对表达量高于对照和‘天红2号’接穗植株。综合研究结果，与短枝型红富士‘天红2号’相比，普通型红富士‘天红1号’嫁接在‘冀砧2号’自根砧上的树体长势旺，根系发达；不同生长类型接穗梢尖产生生长素的多少及向基运输的生理生化机制差异是造成同一自根砧根系构型差异的主要原因，ZR和GA₃参与了根系构型的建成。

关键词: 苹果, 砧穗组合, 自根砧, 根系构型, 生长素

Abstract:

One-year-old apple seedlings with different scion-rootstock combinations，marked as‘Tianhong 2’（spur type）/‘Jizhen 2’，‘Tianhong 1’（standard type）/‘Jizhen 2’and‘Jizhen 2’/‘Jizhen 2’were used as experimental materials. The differences of root architecture and endogenous hormone content were measured to explore the effect of scion-rootstock combinations on root characteristics. The results showed that the shoot length，fresh weight of the aboveground and root system，and root-shoot ratio of‘Tianhong 1’/‘Jizhen 2’were the highest. The root activity of‘Tianhong 1’scion plants was significantly higher than that of‘Tianhong 2’scion plants and control plants. The root volume and root tip number of‘Tianhong 1’scion plant were the largest. The root length，surface area，average root diameter and root bifurcation number of the control plants were the largest. The content of IAA in leaves and the content of IAA，ZR and GA₃ in roots of‘Tianhong 1’scion plants were the highest. The relative expression levels of MdPIN1a，MdAUX1，MdARF7 and MdYUCCA10 in roots of‘Tianhong 1’/‘Jizhen 2’were higher than those of‘Jizhen 2’/‘Jizhen 2’and‘Tianhong 2’/‘Jizhen 2’. In conclusion，standard type Red Fuji‘Tianhong 1’grafted on the self-rootstock of‘Jizhen 2’had more vigorous tree growth than that of the spur type Red Fuji‘Tianhong 2’. The differences in the amount of auxin produced by the shoot tips of different growth types and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of transport to the base are the main reasons for the differences in the root architecture of the same self-rooted rootstock. Moreover，ZR and GA₃ were involved in the formation process of apple root architecture.

Key words: apple, scion-rootstock combination, self-rooted rootstock, root architecture, auxin

朱杰, 李潞, 孙明飞, 高美娜, 梁博文, 徐继忠, 李中勇. 普通型与短枝型苹果接穗对嫁接幼树根系构型的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(10): 2183-2191.

ZHU Jie, LI Lu, SUN Mingfei, GAO Meina, LIANG Bowen, XU Jizhong, LI Zhongyong. Effects of Different Growth Type Scions on Root Architecture of Self-rooted Young Apple Trees[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(10): 2183-2191.

图/表 7

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基因名称Gene name	基因ID Gene ID	引物序列Primer sequence
Actin	LOC103453508	F：5′-GGATTTGCTGGTGATGATGCT-3′；R：5′-AGTTGCTCACTATGCCGTGCT-3′
PIN1a	LOC103455629	F：5′-CTCCGTCTCCACTCTGCCTAA-3′；R：5′-AGTCTTGCTCCTCGGTATTCG-3′
AUX1	LOC103437484	F：5′-ATGGACGACAGGGAGGAC-3′；R：5′-GGAGGAGGAAGAGTCCAC-3′
ARF7	LOC103450396	F：5′-TCGGCAGAGAAATGATGGGT-3′；R：5′-CCACCTGTTCGCTATGTCCT-3′
YUCCA10	LOC103432493	F：5′-GAAACAACTGACCCGTAT-3′；R：5′-CTAAGCAGAACCAGCAAA-3′

基因名称Gene name	基因ID Gene ID	引物序列Primer sequence
Actin	LOC103453508	F：5′-GGATTTGCTGGTGATGATGCT-3′；R：5′-AGTTGCTCACTATGCCGTGCT-3′
PIN1a	LOC103455629	F：5′-CTCCGTCTCCACTCTGCCTAA-3′；R：5′-AGTCTTGCTCCTCGGTATTCG-3′
AUX1	LOC103437484	F：5′-ATGGACGACAGGGAGGAC-3′；R：5′-GGAGGAGGAAGAGTCCAC-3′
ARF7	LOC103450396	F：5′-TCGGCAGAGAAATGATGGGT-3′；R：5′-CCACCTGTTCGCTATGTCCT-3′
YUCCA10	LOC103432493	F：5′-GAAACAACTGACCCGTAT-3′；R：5′-CTAAGCAGAACCAGCAAA-3′

接穗 Scion	新梢长度/cm Shoot length	地上部鲜质量/g Fresh weight of aboveground	根系鲜质量/g Fresh weight of root	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
天红2号（短枝型）Tianhong 2（Spur type）	53.20 ± 6.42 b	37.47 ± 0.29 c	19.97 ± 2.93 c	0.53 ± 0.08 b
天红1号（普通型）Tianhong 1（Standard type）	119.40 ± 8.65 a	123.97 ± 13.51 a	116.80 ± 13.61 a	0.96 ± 0.03 a
冀砧2号（对照）Jizhen 2（Control）	112.00 ± 2.12 a	89.20 ± 7.00 b	54.97 ± 8.25 b	0.62 ± 0.11 b

接穗 Scion	新梢长度/cm Shoot length	地上部鲜质量/g Fresh weight of aboveground	根系鲜质量/g Fresh weight of root	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
天红2号（短枝型）Tianhong 2（Spur type）	53.20 ± 6.42 b	37.47 ± 0.29 c	19.97 ± 2.93 c	0.53 ± 0.08 b
天红1号（普通型）Tianhong 1（Standard type）	119.40 ± 8.65 a	123.97 ± 13.51 a	116.80 ± 13.61 a	0.96 ± 0.03 a
冀砧2号（对照）Jizhen 2（Control）	112.00 ± 2.12 a	89.20 ± 7.00 b	54.97 ± 8.25 b	0.62 ± 0.11 b

接穗 Scion	长度/cm Length	表面积/cm² Surface area	体积/cm³ Volume	直径/mm Diameter	根尖数 Root tips number	分叉数 Bifurcation number	分形维数 Fractal dimension
天红2号（短枝型） Tianhong 2（Spur type）	786.93 ± 92.99 b	126.49 ± 16.42 b	2.78 ± 0.74 c	0.57 ± 0.03 b	1 707 ± 496 c	3 501 ± 562 b	1.67 ± 0.01 b
天红1号（普通型） Tianhong 1（Standard type）	2 405.67 ± 31.42 a	469.60 ± 3.48 a	13.49 ± 0.13 a	0.63 ± 0.03 a	5 998 ± 157 a	11 951 ± 661 a	1.78 ± 0.01 a
冀砧2号（对照） Jizhen 2（Control）	2 517.07 ± 85.91 a	479.44 ± 7.42 a	11.77 ± 0.53 b	0.67 ± 0.01 a	4 891 ± 148 b	13 050 ± 752 a	1.78 ± 0.01 a