不同蛋白发酵物对连作土壤微生物环境和平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0066

园艺学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 395-406.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0066

不同蛋白发酵物对连作土壤微生物环境和平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响

潘凤兵¹, 陈冉¹, 姜伟涛¹, 王海燕¹, 吕毅², 沈向¹, 陈学森¹, 尹承苗¹^,^*(), 毛志泉¹^,^*()

¹山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
²威海市农业科学院,山东威海 264200

收稿日期:2021-02-14 修回日期:2021-05-13 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 尹承苗,毛志泉 E-mail:yinchengmiao@163.com;mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32072510);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-27);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MC131);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ008);泰山学者项目(ts20190923);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJF020);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)

Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

PAN Fengbing¹, CHEN Ran¹, JIANG Weitao¹, WANG Haiyan¹, LÜ Yi², SHEN Xiang¹, CHEN Xuesen¹, YIN Chengmiao¹^,^*(), MAO Zhiquan¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China
²Weihai Acedemy of Agricultural Sciences,Weihai,Shandong 264200,China

Received:2021-02-14 Revised:2021-05-13 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-02-28
Contact: YIN Chengmiao,MAO Zhiquan E-mail:yinchengmiao@163.com;mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同物料蛋白发酵物防控苹果连作障碍的可行性,以盆栽平邑甜茶为试材,设连作土（对照）、灭菌土（高标对照）和分别在连作土中添加蚯蚓发酵物、大豆粕发酵物、杂鱼发酵物等5个处理,测定土壤微生物总量、有害真菌数量、土壤酶活性、土壤酚酸类物质含量、平邑甜茶生物量和植株根系相关指标。结果表明添加3种不同蛋白发酵物均能有效提高连作土壤细菌数量,降低真菌数量,改变了连作土壤中的真菌群落结构,其中添加蚯蚓发酵物降低有害真菌效果最好,尖孢镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌、腐皮镰孢菌和串珠镰孢菌分别比连作土（对照）降低了59.2%、52.0%、64.9%和67.1%。3种发酵物也不同程度地提高了连作土壤中的土壤酶活性,降低了土壤酚酸类物质含量。蚯蚓发酵物处理的平邑甜茶幼苗生物量明显高于连作土（对照）,植株干质量比对照提高了90.22%。发酵物也促进了植株根系的生长、根抗氧化酶活性和呼吸速率的提高,效果最为显著的蚯蚓发酵物,根系的总根长、表面积、根体积和根尖数分别比连作土（对照）提高了147.21%、225.87%、299.85%和291.03%,SOD、POD、CAT和根系呼吸速率分别比连作土（对照）提高了46.90%、133.94%、197.69%和113.23%。综上,不同物料蛋白的发酵物均能通过调节微生物群落结构、改善连作土壤环境、促进植株生长等途径不同程度地缓解苹果连作障碍对幼树造成的危害,综合各项指标来看,蚯蚓发酵的效果最为显著。

关键词: 苹果, 连作障碍, 蛋白质, 发酵, 土壤生物环境

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the feasibility of different material protein fermentation products to alleviate apple replant disease. A pot experiment was conducted using Malus hupehensis seedlings as the test material,and five treatments（replanted orchard soil（control）,sterilized replanted orchard soil,earthworm fermentation product,soybean meal fermentation product,waste fish fermentation product）were set up. The total amount of soil microorganisms,the number of harmful fungi,soil enzyme activities,the content of soil phenolic acids,the biomass of Malus hupehensis seedlings and the related indexes of plant roots were determined. The results showed that protein fermentation products of three different materials could effectively increase the number of bacteria,reduce the number of fungi and changed the fungal community structure in replanted soil. Among them,earthworm fermentation product had the best effect on reducing harmful fungi,Fusarium oxysporum,F. proliferatum,F. solani and F. moniliforme decreased by 59.2%,52.0%,64.9% and 67.1%,respectively,compared with replanted orchard soil（control）. Three different fermentation products also increased soil enzyme activity and decreased the content of phenolic acids in replanted soil. The plant biomass of earthworm fermentation product treatment was significantly higher than that of replanted orchard soil（control）treatment,and the plant dry weight increased by 90.22%. The fermentation products also promoted the growth of plant roots,the root antioxidant enzymes and the root respiration rate. Among them,earthworm fermentation product had the most significant effect. The total fine root length,total fine root surface area,root volume and root tip number of earthworm fermentation product were increased by 147.21%,225.87%,299.85% and 291.03% compared with replanted orchard soil（control）,respectively. SOD,POD,CAT and the root respiration rate were increased by 46.90%,133.94%,197.69% and 113.23% compared with replanted orchard soil（control）,respectively. In summary,the fermentation products of different protein materials can alleviate the damage of replant disease to young apple trees in varying degrees by adjusting the microbial community structure,improving the replanted soil environment,and promoting plant growth. Comprehensive consideration of various indicators,the effect of earthworm fermentation products is the most significant.

Key words: apple, replant disease, protein, fermentation, soil biological environment

中图分类号:

S661.1

潘凤兵, 陈冉, 姜伟涛, 王海燕, 吕毅, 沈向, 陈学森, 尹承苗, 毛志泉. 不同蛋白发酵物对连作土壤微生物环境和平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(2): 395-406.

PAN Fengbing, CHEN Ran, JIANG Weitao, WANG Haiyan, LÜ Yi, SHEN Xiang, CHEN Xuesen, YIN Chengmiao, MAO Zhiquan. Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(2): 395-406.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	基因拷贝数Gene copies
处理 Treatment	尖孢镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸copies · g^-1） Fusarium oxysporum	层出镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. proliferatum	腐皮镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸ copies · g^-1） F. solani	串珠镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. moniliforme
连作土（对照）Control	9.33 ± 0.50 a	6.69 ± 0.38 a	11.39 ± 0.68 a	11.81 ± 0.71 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	3.04 ± 0.24 c	1.98 ± 0.26 d	2.86 ± 0.38 c	2.69 ± 0.17 c
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	3.81 ± 0.25 c	3.21 ± 0.31 c	4.00 ± 0.15 c	3.89 ± 0.31 c
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	7.16 ± 0.18 b	4.57 ± 0.28 b	7.76 ± 0.35 b	6.79 ± 0.27 b
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	6.58 ± 0.24 b	4.10 ± 0.09 b	6.59 ± 0.24 b	7.47 ± 0.33 b

处理 Treatment	基因拷贝数Gene copies
处理 Treatment	尖孢镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸copies · g^-1） Fusarium oxysporum	层出镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. proliferatum	腐皮镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸ copies · g^-1） F. solani	串珠镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. moniliforme
连作土（对照）Control	9.33 ± 0.50 a	6.69 ± 0.38 a	11.39 ± 0.68 a	11.81 ± 0.71 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	3.04 ± 0.24 c	1.98 ± 0.26 d	2.86 ± 0.38 c	2.69 ± 0.17 c
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	3.81 ± 0.25 c	3.21 ± 0.31 c	4.00 ± 0.15 c	3.89 ± 0.31 c
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	7.16 ± 0.18 b	4.57 ± 0.28 b	7.76 ± 0.35 b	6.79 ± 0.27 b
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	6.58 ± 0.24 b	4.10 ± 0.09 b	6.59 ± 0.24 b	7.47 ± 0.33 b

处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao指数 Chao index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
连作土（对照）Control	563.55 ± 14.76 a	563.54 ± 14.65 a	0.04 ± 0.002 b	4.05 ± 0.06 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	428.15 ± 25.97 b	434.14 ± 28.88 b	0.21 ± 0.079 a	2.66 ± 0.31 b
蚯蚓发酵物Earthworm fermentation products	570.63 ± 8.95 a	579.66 ± 8.98 a	0.04 ± 0.001 b	4.17 ± 0.03 a
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	530.05 ± 6.92 a	534.59 ± 7.87 a	0.04 ± 0.003 b	4.10 ± 0.04 a
杂鱼发酵物Waste fish fermentation products	463.91 ± 13.21 b	460.43 ± 13.69 b	0.13 ± 0.014 ab	3.61 ± 0.16 b

处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao指数 Chao index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
连作土（对照）Control	563.55 ± 14.76 a	563.54 ± 14.65 a	0.04 ± 0.002 b	4.05 ± 0.06 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	428.15 ± 25.97 b	434.14 ± 28.88 b	0.21 ± 0.079 a	2.66 ± 0.31 b
蚯蚓发酵物Earthworm fermentation products	570.63 ± 8.95 a	579.66 ± 8.98 a	0.04 ± 0.001 b	4.17 ± 0.03 a
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	530.05 ± 6.92 a	534.59 ± 7.87 a	0.04 ± 0.003 b	4.10 ± 0.04 a
杂鱼发酵物Waste fish fermentation products	463.91 ± 13.21 b	460.43 ± 13.69 b	0.13 ± 0.014 ab	3.61 ± 0.16 b

处理 Treatment	酚酸类物质含量/（mg · kg^-1 dry soil） Phenolic compounds
处理 Treatment	根皮苷 Phlorizin	根皮素Phloretin	阿魏酸 Ferulic Acid	苯甲酸Benzoic acid
连作土（对照）Control	3.47 ± 0.06 a	2.21 ± 0.10 a	2.16 ± 0.25 a	3.77 ± 0.02 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	1.64 ± 0.06 d	0.43 ± 0.02 c	1.68 ± 0.08 b	0.54 ± 0.01 d
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	1.37 ± 0.08 e	0.48 ± 0.03 c	1.07 ± 0.20 c	0.85 ± 0.03 cd
大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	2.23 ± 0.03 c	0.75 ± 0.08 b	0.93 ± 0.15 c	1.16 ± 0.04 c
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	2.54 ± 0.02 b	0.57 ± 0.07 c	1.35 ± 0.27 bc	1.60 ± 0.23 b

不同蛋白发酵物对连作土壤微生物环境和平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

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时间 Time	处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	地径/cm Ground diameter	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
2019	连作土（对照）Control	37.47 ± 2.58 c	5.39 ± 0.18 d	21.43 ± 1.25 c	10.22 ± 0.87 c
	灭菌土Sterile soil	65.53 ± 7.57 a	8.85 ± 0.41 a	75.50 ± 4.90 a	32.99 ± 2.40 a
	蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	51.37 ± 0.95 b	7.13 ± 0.24 b	45.40 ± 3.12 b	19.44 ± 2.22 b
	大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	42.43 ± 7.16 bc	6.88 ± 0.27 bc	32.53 ± 3.82 c	14.62 ± 2.23 bc
	杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	41.37 ± 3.25 c	6.18 ± 0.14 cd	27.10 ± 3.21 c	10.85 ± 0.98 c
2020	连作土（对照）Control	50.10 ± 1.37 d	6.37 ± 0.12 d	46.90 ± 1.69 c	20.54 ± 1.08 cd
	灭菌土Sterile soil	89.57 ± 0.54 a	10.07 ± 0.05 a	102.81 ± 5.79 a	43.19 ± 3.41 a
	蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	82.50 ± 1.80 b	9.11 ± 0.24 b	78.47 ± 1.64 b	33.00 ± 0.52 b
	大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	71.20 ± 2.27 c	8.23 ± 0.28 c	74.43 ± 2.76 b	28.08 ± 0.79 bc
	杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	67.67 ± 2.07 c	7.76 ± 0.11 c	68.39 ± 2.25 b	25.68 ± 0.29 c

处理 Treatment	总根长/cm Total fine root length	表面积/cm² Total fine root surface area	根体积/cm³ Total fine root volume	根尖数 Fine root tip number
连作土（对照）Control	1 227.13 ± 27.58 d	323.59 ± 29.38 d	6.47 ± 0.85 d	2 901.30 ± 336.16 d
灭菌土 Sterile soil	3 928.21 ± 159.49 a	1 377.04 ± 133.17 a	34.12 ± 3.08 a	16 175.67 ± 2 118.52 a
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	3 033.54 ± 476.96 b	1 054.47 ± 46.23 b	25.87 ± 2.10 b	11 345.00 ± 1 144.84 b
大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	2 157.90 ± 138.20 c	518.18 ± 19.39 d	13.45 ± 1.56 c	7 038.67 ± 1 038.84 c
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	2 292.67 ± 77.50 bc	821.10 ± 21.54 c	25.67 ± 1.21 b	8 114.33 ± 799.70 bc

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不同蛋白发酵物对连作土壤微生物环境和平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

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PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 44

相关文章 15

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