TDZ、CPPU和GA3对‘阳光玫瑰'葡萄果实品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘阳光玫瑰'葡萄为试验材料，研究赤霉酸（GA₃）、氯吡脲（CPPU）、噻苯隆（TDZ）不同施药方式、处理时期、处理浓度以及搭配组合对果实品质的影响，以期筛选出适合‘阳光玫瑰'无核化栽培使用的组合配方。结果表明：在花开24 h内使用2 mg · L^-1 TDZ + 1 mg · L^-1CPPU + 15 mg · L^-1 GA₃浸蘸花穗，并且在果实膨大初期使用4 mg · L^-1 TDZ + 25 mg · L^-1GA₃浸蘸果穗处理效果最好，单穗质量、单粒质量分别为779.24 g、9.84 g，与清水对照相比分别增加了35.14%、22.24%;果粒长度为27.69 cm、宽度为24.75 cm、无核率为96%，与对照相比分别增加了8.97%、16.53%、118.18%;总酸含量为3.98 g · kg^-1，与对照相比减少了7.44%，维生素C含量为7.98 μg · g^-1，比对照增加了48.60%，可溶性糖含量为16.28%，比对照增加了21.95%。该处理无核率高，果粒较大，口感较好，能显著改善果实品质，为‘阳光玫瑰'葡萄最适宜的植物生长调节剂组合。

关键词: 葡萄, 噻苯隆, 赤霉酸, 氯吡脲, 无核, 品质

Abstract:

The‘Shine Muscat'grapes were used as the experimental material. Combined treatments of gibberellic acid（GA₃），forchlorfenuron（CPPU），tiabenon（TDZ）were used to study their effects on fruit quality under different application methods，treatment periods，concentrations and combinations. The results from this were then used to screen for the best combination of growth regulators，and provide scientific basis for its cultivation of denuclearization. Results showed that：dipping 2 mg · L^-1 TDZ + 1 mg · L^-1 CPPU + 15 mg · L^-1 GA₃ into flower spikes within 24 h of blooming，dipping 4 mg · L^-1 TDZ + 25 mg · L^-1 GA₃ in the early stage of fruit expansion had the best effect. The cluster mass and single fruit weight were 779.24 g and 9.84 g，respectively，which were increased by 35.14% and 22.24% compared with the water control group. The longth of the fruit was 27.69 cm，the width of fruit grain was 24.75 cm，and the seedless rate was 96%，which increased by 8.97%、16.53% and 118.18% compared with the control. The total acid content was 3.98 g · kg^-1，decreased by 7.44% compared with the control group，vitamin C content was 7.98 μg · g^-1，increased by 48.60% compared with the control group，soluble sugar content was 16.28%，increased by 21.95% compared with the control group. This treatment had larger fruit size and better taste，and could significantly improve the fruit quality of‘Shine Muscat'. It is the most suitable combination of planting and conditioning for‘Shine Muscat'grape.

Key words: grape, tiabenon, gibberellic acid, forchlorfenuron, seedless, quality

张飞雪, 张书红, 马延东, 陈峰, 宋贤杰, 刘锐杰. TDZ、CPPU和GA₃对‘阳光玫瑰'葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(12): 2633-2640.

ZHANG Feixue, ZHANG Shuhong, MA Yandong, CHEN Feng, SONG Xianjie, LIU Ruijie. Effects of TDZ，CPPU and GA₃ on Fruit Quality of‘Shine Muscat'Grape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(12): 2633-2640.

图/表 6

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施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	花开24 h内/（mg · L^-1） Within 24 hours after bloom			膨大初期/（mg · L^-1） Initial stage of intumescence			果穗Ear			果粒Fruit grain
施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	长/cm Length	宽/cm Wide	质量/g Weight	长/cm Length	宽/cm Wide	质量/g Weight
浸蘸Dipping	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	20.60 ab	10.46 a	704.02 ab	27.18 a	23.53 a	9.05 ab
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	21.14 ab	10.60 a	762.40 a	27.71 a	24.52 a	9.63 a
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	23.90 a	10.06 a	771.34 a	26.33 ab	24.75 a	9.42 a
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	21.28 ab	10.86 a	779.24 a	27.69 a	24.75 a	9.84 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	20.44 b	8.50 b	576.61 b	25.41 b	21.24 b	8.05 b
微喷Microjet	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	22.46 a	10.32 a	747.51 a	27.09 a	23.42 a	10.05 a
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	21.24 a	9.78 a	695.76 a	26.54 a	21.94 bc	8.91 ab
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	21.10 a	9.90 a	668.88 a	26.36 a	21.80 bc	8.39 b
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	20.80 a	10.50 a	649.16 a	26.24 a	20.83 c	8.66 b
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	21.10 a	9.70 a	572.76 a	26.09 a	22.10 b	8.58 b

施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	花开24 h内/（mg · L^-1） Within 24 hours after bloom			膨大初期/（mg · L^-1） Initial stage of intumescence			果穗Ear			果粒Fruit grain
施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	长/cm Length	宽/cm Wide	质量/g Weight	长/cm Length	宽/cm Wide	质量/g Weight
浸蘸Dipping	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	20.60 ab	10.46 a	704.02 ab	27.18 a	23.53 a	9.05 ab
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	21.14 ab	10.60 a	762.40 a	27.71 a	24.52 a	9.63 a
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	23.90 a	10.06 a	771.34 a	26.33 ab	24.75 a	9.42 a
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	21.28 ab	10.86 a	779.24 a	27.69 a	24.75 a	9.84 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	20.44 b	8.50 b	576.61 b	25.41 b	21.24 b	8.05 b
微喷Microjet	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	22.46 a	10.32 a	747.51 a	27.09 a	23.42 a	10.05 a
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	21.24 a	9.78 a	695.76 a	26.54 a	21.94 bc	8.91 ab
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	21.10 a	9.90 a	668.88 a	26.36 a	21.80 bc	8.39 b
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	20.80 a	10.50 a	649.16 a	26.24 a	20.83 c	8.66 b
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	21.10 a	9.70 a	572.76 a	26.09 a	22.10 b	8.58 b

施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	花开24 h内/（mg · L^-1） Within 24 hours after bloom			膨大初期/（mg · L^-1） Initial stage of intumescence			果形指数 Fruit shape index	无核率/% Seedless rate
施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	果形指数 Fruit shape index	无核率/% Seedless rate
浸蘸Dipping	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	1.16 ab	82 b
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	1.13 ab	84 b
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	1.06 c	92 ab
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	1.12 bc	96 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.20 a	44 c
微喷Microjet	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	1.16 b	82 a
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	1.21 ab	88 a
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	1.21 ab	90 a
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	1.26 a	94 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.18 ab	48 b

施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	花开24 h内/（mg · L^-1） Within 24 hours after bloom			膨大初期/（mg · L^-1） Initial stage of intumescence			果形指数 Fruit shape index	无核率/% Seedless rate
施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	果形指数 Fruit shape index	无核率/% Seedless rate
浸蘸Dipping	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	1.16 ab	82 b
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	1.13 ab	84 b
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	1.06 c	92 ab
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	1.12 bc	96 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.20 a	44 c
微喷Microjet	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	1.16 b	82 a
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	1.21 ab	88 a
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	1.21 ab	90 a
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	1.26 a	94 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.18 ab	48 b

施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	花开24 h内/（mg · L^-1） Within 24 hours after bloom			膨大初期/（mg · L^-1） Initial stage of intumescence			总酸/（g · kg^-1） Total acid	维生素C/（μg · g^-1） Vitamin C	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar
施药方式 Method of application	代号 Code	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	TDZ	CPPU	GA₃	总酸/（g · kg^-1） Total acid	维生素C/（μg · g^-1） Vitamin C	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar
浸蘸Dipping	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	3.79 c	6.94 a	14.21 ab
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	4.31 b	7.66 c	15.18 ab
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	4.13 c	7.95 bc	12.56 c
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	3.98 a	7.98 b	16.28 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.30 b	5.37 c	13.35 b
微喷Microjet	Y1	0	3	15	0	4	25	4.31 c	8.48 ab	14.53 bc
	Y2	3	0	15	4	0	25	4.71 a	5.51 ab	15.02 ab
	Y3	2	1	15	0	4	25	4.30 ab	5.94 a	10.25 c
	Y4	2	1	15	4	0	25	4.88 bc	6.97 a	16.54 a
	H₂O	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.56 a	5.44 b	12.89 c

TDZ、CPPU和GA₃对‘阳光玫瑰'葡萄果实品质的影响

Effects of TDZ，CPPU and GA₃ on Fruit Quality of‘Shine Muscat'Grape

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指标名称 Indicator name	浸蘸Dipping		微喷Microjet
指标名称 Indicator name	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3
果穗长度Length of ear	0.390	0.914	0.946	-0.279	0.162
果穗宽度Width of ear	0.968	-0.211	0.476	0.749	-0.024
果穗质量Quality of ear	0.980	0.187	0.868	0.185	-0.362
果粒质量Single fruit weight	0.988	0.020	0.953	0.013	0.293
果粒长度Longth of fruit grain	0.871	-0.451	0.980	-0.037	-0.069
果粒宽度Width of fruit grain	0.975	0.212	0.785	-0.575	0.215
无核率Nucleation free rate	0.980	0.138	0.285	0.628	-0.707
总酸Total acid	-0.385	0.308	-0.501	0.755	0.344
维生素C Vitamin C	0.971	0.230	0.868	0.304	-0.076
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	0.542	-0.755	0.196	0.808	0.506
特征值Eigenvalue	7.082	1.900	5.848	2.716	1.175
贡献率/% Cumulative	70.825	18.999	54.835	27.163	11.752
累计贡献率/% Total cumulative	70.825	89.824	54.835	81.999	93.751

施药方式 Method of application	果穗Ear			果粒 Fruit grain			无核率/% Seedless rate	总酸/（g · kg^-1） Total acid	维生素C/（μg · g^-1） Vitamin C	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	最优 Best
施药方式 Method of application	长/cm Length	宽/cm Width	质量/g Weight	长/cm Length	宽/cm Width	质量/g Weight	无核率/% Seedless rate	总酸/（g · kg^-1） Total acid	维生素C/（μg · g^-1） Vitamin C	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	最优 Best
Y1（微喷Microjet）	22.46	10.32	747.51	27.09	23.42	10.05	82	4.31	8.48	14.53
Y4（浸蘸Dipping）	21.28	10.86	779.24	27.69	24.75	9.84	96	3.98	7.98	16.28	√

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