光照时数及强度对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄产量形成的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0669

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为试材，记录试验果园葡萄夏果生长季光照强度与时数，并分析其与气象部门提供的日照时数的差异，测定叶片不同物候期的光饱和点、光补偿点，分析光照时数和强度对净光合速率和产量的影响。结果表明，气象站观测以直射光为主记录的日照时数明显低于果园记录的光照时数，并且未完全包含葡萄可利用光照强度的日照时数。不同物候期的‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄叶片光补偿点范围为22.43 ~ 49.77 μmol · m^-2· s^-1，叶片光饱和点范围为1 108.07 ~ 1 303.01 μmol · m^-2· s^-1。葡萄产量与光补偿点以上的光照时数的关系更为密切，在光补偿点以上的光照时数1 524.1 h（2018年）和1 579.8 h（2019年）下，产量分别为13 701.9 和17 774.9 kg · hm^-2，且平均可溶性固形物大于17 Brix°。建议在葡萄生产和品质评价中，在掌握品种叶片光饱和点和光补偿点的基础上，综合考虑葡萄生长发育周期中光照时数和光照强度的影响。

关键词: 葡萄, 光照时数, 光照强度, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the relationship between duration or intensity of sunlight and the yield of grape harvest. The light durations and intensities recorded in the summer fruit growing season with those provided by meteorological department were analyzed. Light saturation point and light compensation point of leaves of‘Shine-Muscat’grape during different phonological stages，and the effects of light duration and intensity on net photosynthetic rate and yield of summer fruit of‘Shine-Muscat’grape were analyzed. The results showed that the total light duration recorded by the meteorological station based on direct sunlight was significantly lower than that recorded in the vineyard and did not fully include the light duration corresponding to the light intensity that is available for grape production. Light intensity significantly affected the net photosynthetic rate of‘Shine-Muscat’grape leaves. The light compensation point and light saturation point of leaves of‘Shine-Muscat’grape varied in different developmental stages. The light compensation point of leaves ranged from 22.43 to 49.77 μmol · m^-2· s^-1，and the light saturation point of leaves ranged from 1 108.07 to 1 303.01 μmol · m^-2· s^-1. The formation of grape yield is more closely related to the sunshine hours above the light intensity at the light compensation point，and under the light hours above the light compensation point of 1 524.1 h（2018）and 1 579.8 h（2019），the yield of grapes was 13 701.9 and 17 774.9 kg · hm^-2 respectively，and the average soluble solids was more than 17 Brix°. Therefore，suggested that in grape production and quality evaluation，the effects of light hours and light intensity in grape growth and development cycle should be comprehensively considered based on the light saturation point and light compensation point of variety leaves.

Key words: grape, light hours, light intensity, yield

曹雄军, 韩佳宇, 成果, 王博, 马广仁, 林玲, 谭宗琨, 黄秋秘, 陈潇, 陈孚仪, 时晓芳, 盘丰平, 白先进. 光照时数及强度对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄产量形成的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(8): 1739-1746.

CAO Xiongjun, HAN Jiayu, CHENG Guo, WANG Bo, MA Guangren, LIN Ling, TAN Zongkun, HUANG Qiumi, CHEN Xiao, CHEN Fuyi, SHI Xiaofang, PAN Fengping, BAI Xianjin. Effects of Light Duration and Intensity on Yield Formation of‘Shine- Muscat’Grape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(8): 1739-1746.

图/表 6

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生长发育阶段 Developmental stage	日期/ (M-D) Date
生长发育阶段 Developmental stage	2018	2019
修剪Pruning	02-21	01-17
催芽Forced germination	02-22	01-25
萌芽Budbreak	03-05	02-03
花序分离期^* Inflorescence separation stage	03-20	02-14
初花期Early flowering stage	04-07	03-27
盛花期Full flowering period	04-10	03-30
末花期Final flowering stage	04-13	04-02
果实膨大期Expanding period	04-14	04-03
成熟期Maturity	05-25	05-18
采收期Harvest period	07-21	07-10

生长发育阶段 Developmental stage	日期/ (M-D) Date
生长发育阶段 Developmental stage	2018	2019
修剪Pruning	02-21	01-17
催芽Forced germination	02-22	01-25
萌芽Budbreak	03-05	02-03
花序分离期^* Inflorescence separation stage	03-20	02-14
初花期Early flowering stage	04-07	03-27
盛花期Full flowering period	04-10	03-30
末花期Final flowering stage	04-13	04-02
果实膨大期Expanding period	04-14	04-03
成熟期Maturity	05-25	05-18
采收期Harvest period	07-21	07-10

物候期 Phenological stage	光饱和点/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） Light saturation point	光补偿点/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） Light compensation point
花序分离期Inflorescence separation stage	1 205.78 ± 89.39 ab	49.77 ± 8.87 a
盛花期Full flowering period	1 303.01 ± 47.36 a	33.78 ± 2.91 b
果实膨大期Expanding period	1 210.75 ± 94.99 ab	22.43 ± 4.35 b
成熟期Maturity	1 108.07 ± 81.90 b	34.61 ± 8.86 b

物候期 Phenological stage	光饱和点/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） Light saturation point	光补偿点/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） Light compensation point
花序分离期Inflorescence separation stage	1 205.78 ± 89.39 ab	49.77 ± 8.87 a
盛花期Full flowering period	1 303.01 ± 47.36 a	33.78 ± 2.91 b
果实膨大期Expanding period	1 210.75 ± 94.99 ab	22.43 ± 4.35 b
成熟期Maturity	1 108.07 ± 81.90 b	34.61 ± 8.86 b

物候期 Phenological stage	最大净光合速率/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） Maximum net photosynthetic rate	不同光照强度下的净光合速率/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） Net photosynthetic rate under different light intensity
物候期 Phenological stage	最大净光合速率/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） Maximum net photosynthetic rate	300	552	800	1 000	1 400
花序分离期 Inflorescence separation stage	17.75 ± 1.71 a	8.95 ± 0.71 bc （50.42%）	13.91 ± 1.14 ab （78.37%）	16.46 ± 1.44 a （92.73%）	17.43 ± 1.60 a （98.20%）	17.47 ± 1.79 a （98.42%）
盛花期 Full flowering period	19.29 ± 0.88 a	10.21 ± 0.12 ab （52.93%）	15.16 ± 0.36 a （78.59%）	17.73 ± 0.64 a （91.91%）	18.79 ± 0.78 a （97.41%）	19.24 ± 0.89 a （99.74%）
果实膨大期 Expanding period	18.48 ± 0.62 a	10.62 ± 0.28 a （57.47%）	15.22 ± 0.66 a （82.36%）	17.44 ± 0.80 a （94.37%）	18.23 ± 0.76 a （98.65%）	18.20 ± 0.42 a （98.48%）
成熟期Maturity	14.17 ± 2.32 b	8.35 ± 1.36 c （58.93%）	11.96 ± 1.84 b （84.40%）	13.58 ± 2.11 b （95.84%）	14.08 ± 2.24 b （99.36%）	13.79 ± 2.38 b （97.32%）