草莓果实香气物质生物合成研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0697

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草莓（Fragaria × ananassa）的香气是构成其品质的重要因素之一。草莓香气成分复杂，主要由酯类、醛类、酮类、醇类、萜烯类、呋喃酮和含硫化合物等物质组成，其中呋喃酮、丁酸甲酯、己酸乙酯、γ-癸内酯、芳樟醇和橙花醇为重要芳香化合物，决定其独特的香味。主要对草莓香气物质的组成、香味特点、生物合成途径及其合成关键基因的研究进展进行综述，总结了影响草莓香气品质的主要因素，并基于研究现状对未来草莓香气物质研究趋势进行展望。

关键词: 草莓, 果实, 品质, 香气, 挥发性物质

Abstract:

Strawberry aroma is one of the important factors contributing to their quality. Strawberry aroma is composed of complex combinations of volatile，such as esters，aldehydes，ketones，alcohols，terpenoids，furanone and sulfur-containing compounds. Among them，furanone，methyl butyrate，ethyl caproate，γ-decalactone，and linalool and nerolidol represent the most important aroma compounds of strawberry. This review aims to describe the recent advances in understanding aroma biosynthesis in strawberry fruit，including the aroma composition，biosynthetic pathways，key regulatory genes，as well as the major factors affecting the aroma quality. Finally，an outlook on the future research trends of strawberry aroma is provided.

Key words: strawberry, fruit, quality, aroma, volatile

刘金莹, 孔令喜, 王威浩, 秦国政, 王豫颖. 草莓果实香气物质生物合成研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(9): 1959-1970.

LIU Jinying, KONG Lingxi, WANG Weihao, QIN Guozheng, WANG Yuying. Advances in Aroma Compounds Biosynthesis of Strawberry Fruit[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(9): 1959-1970.

图/表 1

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合成途径 Synthetic pathway	基因 Gene	编码蛋白 Protein	香气物质 Aroma compound	参考文献 Reference
脂肪酸途径、氨基酸途径 Fatty acid pathway and amino acid pathway	FaSAAT	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	Aharoni et al.,2000
	FaAAT2	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	Cumplido-Laso et al.,2012
	VAAT	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	Beekwilder et al.,2004
	FcAAT	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	González et al.,2009
脂肪酸途径 Fatty acid pathway	FaLOX5	脂氧合酶 Lipoxygenase	酯类 Esters	Lu et al.,2021
	FaLOX9	脂氧合酶 Lipoxygenase	酯类 Esters	Lu et al.,2020
	FaFAD1	脂肪酸去饱和酶 Fatty acid desaturase	酯类 Esters	Sánchez-Sevilla et al.,2014
	FaFAH1	P450蛋白家族酶 Cytochrome p450 hydroxylase	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	Sánchez-Sevilla et al.,2014
	FaMYB9	转录因子 Transcription factor	C₆挥发性化合物 C₆ volatiles	Lu et al.,2020
	FaMYB11	转录因子 Transcription factor	酯类 Esters	Lu et al.,2021
	FveERF	转录因子 Transcription factor	酯类Esters	Li et al.,2020
氨基酸途径 Amino acid pathway	FaCAD1	肉桂醇脱氢酶 Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase	丁香酚 Eugenol	Medina-Puche et al.,2015
	FaEGS	丁香酚合成酶 Eugenol synthase	丁香酚 Eugenol	Aragüez et al.,2013
	FaMYB10	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Medina-Puche et al.,2015
	FaEOBⅡ	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Medina-Puche et al.,2015
	FaMYB63	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Wang et al.,2022b
	FaDOF2	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Molina-Hidalgo et al.,2017
	FaRIF	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Martín-Pizarro et al.,2021
萜烯途径 Terpenoid pathway	FaNES1	橙花醇合成酶 Nerolidol synthase	芳樟醇和橙花醇 Linalool and nerolidol	Aharoni et al.,2004
	FvPINS	蒎烯合成酶 Pinene synthase	芳樟醇和橙花醇 Linalool and nerolidol	Aharoni et al.,2004
	FaRIF	转录因子 Transcription factor	芳樟醇和橙花醇 Linalool and nerolidol	Martín-Pizarro et al.,2021
碳水化合物途径 Carbohydrate pathway	FaQR	醌氧化还原酶 Quinone oxidoreductase	呋喃酮 Furanone	Raab et al.,2006
	FaOMT	氧甲基转移酶 O-methyltransferase	呋喃酮 Furanone	Wein et al.,2002
	FaMYB98	转录因子 Transcription factor	呋喃酮 Furanone	Zhang et al.,2018
	FaERF#9	转录因子 Transcription factor	呋喃酮 Furanone	Zhang et al.,2018
	UGT71K3	葡萄糖基转移酶 Glucosyltransferase	呋喃酮 Furanone 呋喃酮-葡萄糖苷HDMF-glucoside	Song et al.,2016
	UGT85K16	葡萄糖基转移酶 Glucosyltransferase	呋喃酮 Furanone 呋喃酮-葡萄糖苷HDMF-glucoside	Yamada et al.,2018

合成途径 Synthetic pathway	基因 Gene	编码蛋白 Protein	香气物质 Aroma compound	参考文献 Reference
脂肪酸途径、氨基酸途径 Fatty acid pathway and amino acid pathway	FaSAAT	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	Aharoni et al.,2000
	FaAAT2	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	Cumplido-Laso et al.,2012
	VAAT	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	Beekwilder et al.,2004
	FcAAT	醇酰基转移酶 Alcohol acyl transferase	酯类 Esters	González et al.,2009
脂肪酸途径 Fatty acid pathway	FaLOX5	脂氧合酶 Lipoxygenase	酯类 Esters	Lu et al.,2021
	FaLOX9	脂氧合酶 Lipoxygenase	酯类 Esters	Lu et al.,2020
	FaFAD1	脂肪酸去饱和酶 Fatty acid desaturase	酯类 Esters	Sánchez-Sevilla et al.,2014
	FaFAH1	P450蛋白家族酶 Cytochrome p450 hydroxylase	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	Sánchez-Sevilla et al.,2014
	FaMYB9	转录因子 Transcription factor	C₆挥发性化合物 C₆ volatiles	Lu et al.,2020
	FaMYB11	转录因子 Transcription factor	酯类 Esters	Lu et al.,2021
	FveERF	转录因子 Transcription factor	酯类Esters	Li et al.,2020
氨基酸途径 Amino acid pathway	FaCAD1	肉桂醇脱氢酶 Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase	丁香酚 Eugenol	Medina-Puche et al.,2015
	FaEGS	丁香酚合成酶 Eugenol synthase	丁香酚 Eugenol	Aragüez et al.,2013
	FaMYB10	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Medina-Puche et al.,2015
	FaEOBⅡ	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Medina-Puche et al.,2015
	FaMYB63	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Wang et al.,2022b
	FaDOF2	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Molina-Hidalgo et al.,2017
	FaRIF	转录因子 Transcription factor	丁香酚 Eugenol	Martín-Pizarro et al.,2021
萜烯途径 Terpenoid pathway	FaNES1	橙花醇合成酶 Nerolidol synthase	芳樟醇和橙花醇 Linalool and nerolidol	Aharoni et al.,2004
	FvPINS	蒎烯合成酶 Pinene synthase	芳樟醇和橙花醇 Linalool and nerolidol	Aharoni et al.,2004
	FaRIF	转录因子 Transcription factor	芳樟醇和橙花醇 Linalool and nerolidol	Martín-Pizarro et al.,2021
碳水化合物途径 Carbohydrate pathway	FaQR	醌氧化还原酶 Quinone oxidoreductase	呋喃酮 Furanone	Raab et al.,2006
	FaOMT	氧甲基转移酶 O-methyltransferase	呋喃酮 Furanone	Wein et al.,2002
	FaMYB98	转录因子 Transcription factor	呋喃酮 Furanone	Zhang et al.,2018
	FaERF#9	转录因子 Transcription factor	呋喃酮 Furanone	Zhang et al.,2018
	UGT71K3	葡萄糖基转移酶 Glucosyltransferase	呋喃酮 Furanone 呋喃酮-葡萄糖苷HDMF-glucoside	Song et al.,2016
	UGT85K16	葡萄糖基转移酶 Glucosyltransferase	呋喃酮 Furanone 呋喃酮-葡萄糖苷HDMF-glucoside	Yamada et al.,2018