新鱼腥草素钠对柑橘指状青霉的抑菌作用

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0982

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过离体和活体试验测试新鱼腥草素钠（SNH）对柑橘绿霉病的病原菌指状青霉（Penicillium digitatum）的抑菌效果，最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度分别为1和2 mmol · L^-1；随SNH浓度升高，指状青霉孢子萌发率显著下降，相对电导率显著上升；透射电镜结果表明，1 mmol · L^-1 SNH处理可破坏指状青霉细胞结构，导致细胞质成分溶解，线粒体结构消失，发生质壁分离。同时，1 mmol · L^-1 SNH可抑制多种柑橘真菌病害的生长，具有广谱抑菌性。采用5、10 mmol · L^-1 SNH + 指状青霉孢子混合液人工接种夏橙果实，其病斑直径显著小于对照。这些结果表明，SNH可显著抑制指状青霉的生长，具有成为柑橘绿霉病防控药剂的前景。

关键词: 柑橘, 采后, 绿霉病, 生物防治, 新鱼腥草素钠, 指状青霉, 抑菌机制

Abstract:

In order to explore the antifungal mechanisms of Sodium New Houttuyfonate（SNH）against Penicillium digitatum，in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of SNH were 1 and 2 mmol · L^-1 respectively；with the increase of SNH concentration，the spore germination rate of P. digitatum decreased significantly and the relative conductivity increased significantly. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that 1 mmol · L^-1 treatment could destroy the cell structure of P. digitatum，resulting in the dissolution of cytoplasmic components，the disappearance of mitochondrial structure and the separation of plasma wall. At the same time，1 mmol · L^-1 SNH can inhibit the growth of a variety of citrus fungal diseases，showing broad-spectrum antifungal activity. When the fruits were artificially inoculated with 5 and 10 mmol · L^-1 SNH + Penicillium digitatum spore mixture，the lesion diameter of summer orange was significantly smaller than that of the control group. The above results showed that SNH could significantly inhibit the growth of P. digitatum，and had the prospect of control citrus green mold.

Key words: citrus, postharvest, green mold, biological control, Sodium New Houttuyfonate, Penicillium digitatum, antifungal mechanism

中图分类号:

S666

杜玉玲, 杨凡, 赵娟, 刘书琪, 龙超安. 新鱼腥草素钠对柑橘指状青霉的抑菌作用[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(1): 145-152.

DU Yuling, YANG Fan, ZHAO Juan, LIU Shuqi, LONG Chaoan. Antifungal Mechanisms of Sodium New Houttuyfonate Against Penicillium digitatum[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 145-152.

图/表 7

图1 SNH处理对指状青霉菌落直径的影响不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。下同。

Fig. 1 Effect of SNH treatment on colony diameter of Penicillium digitatum Different lowercase letters represent significant difference at 0.05 level. The same below.

图2 SNH处理对指状青霉孢子萌发的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of SNH treatment on spore germination of Penicillium digitatum

图3 SNH对指状青霉细胞膜通透性的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of SNH on cell membrane permeability of Penicillium digitatum

图4 指状青霉菌株菌丝形态的透射电镜图 B和E的箭头指示细胞质，C指示线粒体。

Fig. 4 Transmission electron microscopy of mycelial morphology of Penicillium digitatum Arrows in B and E indicate cytoplasm，and in C indicates mitochondria.

表1 SNH对多种柑橘真菌病害的抑制作用

Table 1 Inhibitory effect of SNH on a variety of Citrus fungal diseases

真菌 Fungus	抑制率/% Inhibition rate
指状青霉Penicillium digitatum（P44）	89.49 ± 6.94
扩展青霉Penicillium expansum（PTY-1）	100.00 ± 0.00
扩展青霉Penicillium expansum（L）	100.00 ± 0.00
酸腐病原菌 Geotrichum citri-aurantii（AY-1）	52.63 ± 3.21
意大利青霉Penicillium italicum（B3）	100.00 ± 0.00
意大利青霉Penicillium italicum（P6）	82.05 ± 20.58
炭疽病病原菌 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	23.80 ± 15.55
产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum（B5）	100.00 ± 0.00
产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum（Q）	10.48 ± 1.55

图5 SNH对柑橘果实绿霉病病斑直径的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of SNH on lesion diameter of green mold in citrus fruit

图6 SNH对夏橙果实绿霉病的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of SNH on green mold of summer orange fruit

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