番茄灰霉病生防菌株TL1的分离、鉴定及其生防能力分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0924

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了筛选对番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）具有拮抗作用的菌株，通过平板对峙法从西藏高原土壤中分离筛选到一株具有较好拮抗作用的菌株TL1。形态学观察、生理生化分析以及分子生物学鉴定结果表明，该菌株为马氏类芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus maysiensis），并具有固氮和溶磷作用。TL1在平板上能显著抑制灰霉病菌菌丝生长，抑菌率为74.32%，且该菌产生的挥发性物质呈现显著抑菌活性。进一步平板抑菌试验表明，TL1菌株对褐斑病菌等6种病原真菌均具有显著抑菌活性，其中对烟草赤星病菌（Alternaria alternata）的抑制率最高（73.48%），对黄瓜褐斑病菌（Corynespora cassiicola）的抑制率最低（57.37%）。TL1菌株能够在番茄果实上定殖并抑制由灰霉病菌引起的腐烂，且可以显著提高番茄种子的萌发率以及促进番茄幼苗生长。

关键词: 番茄, 灰霉病, 类芽孢杆菌, 生物防治, 机制, 抑菌

Abstract:

In order to screen the antagonistic strain against Botrytis cinerea，a TL1 strain with good antagonistic effect was isolated from the soil of Tibet Plateau by plate confrontation method. The results of morphological observation，physiological and biochemical analysis and molecular biological identification showed that TL1 strain was Paenibacillus maysiensis，which could fix nitrogen and dissolving phosphorus. In addition，TL1 strain could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea on the plate，and the inhibition rate was 74.32%. It was further found that the volatile substances produced by TL1 strain showed significant inhibition activity. Plate inhibition test showed that TL1 strain had significant inhibition activity against six pathogenic fungi，such as brown spot. Among them，the inhibition rate of Alternaria alternata was the highest（73.48%），and the inhibition rate of Corynespora cassiicola was the lowest （57.37%）. Physiological experiments showed that TL1 strain could colonize tomato fruit and inhibit the decay caused by gray mold，and TL1 strain could significantly improve seed germination rate and promote the growth of tomato seedlings.

Key words: tomato, Botrytis cinerea, Paenibacillus, biocontrol, mechanism, inhibition

中图分类号:

S641.2

史洪丽, 李腊, 郭翠梅, 余婷婷, 简伟, 杨星勇. 番茄灰霉病生防菌株TL1的分离、鉴定及其生防能力分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(1): 79-90.

SHI Hongli, LI La, GUO Cuimei, YU Tingting, JIAN Wei, YANG Xingyong. Isolation，Identification and Analysis of Biocontrol Ability of Biocontrol Strain TL1 Against Tomato Botrytis cinerea[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 79-90.

图/表 9

图1 生防菌株TL1对灰霉病菌菌丝生长的影响 a：对照菌落；b：对照菌丝；c：菌株TL1对灰霉病菌的抑制；d：接种TL1后的灰霉病菌菌丝。

Fig. 1 Effect of TL1 strain on mycelial growth of B. cinerea a：Control colony；b：Control hyphae；c：Inhibition of TL1 strain on B. cinerea；d：Mycelia after inoculation with TL1 strain.

图2 菌株TL1的形态特征 a：TL1菌落形态；b：SEM形态；c：革兰氏染色。

Fig. 2 Morphological characteristics of TL1 strain a：Colony morphology of TL1 strain；b：SEM form；c：Gram staining.

表1 菌株TL1生理生化分析

Table 1 Physiological and biochemical analysis of TL1 strain

指标 Index	特征 Characteristic	指标 Index	特征 Characteristic
接触酶实验 Contact enzyme test	+	葡萄糖 Glucose	-
甲基红（M-R）实验 Methyl red（M-R）experiment	+	麦芽糖 Maltose	+
糖类发酵实验 Saccharide fermentation experiment	-	半乳糖 Galactose	+
淀粉水解 Starch hydrolysis	-	甘露糖 Mannose	+
产纤维素酶实验 Cellulase production experiment	+	棉籽糖 Cottonseed sugar	-
硫化氢实验 Hydrogen sulfide experiment	+	D-核糖 D-ribose	-
固氮实验 Nitrogen fixation experiment	+	L-苏氨酸 L-threonine	+
溶磷实验 Soluble phosphorus experiment	+	L-天冬氨酸 L-aspartic acid	-
解钾实验 Potassium dissolving experiment	-	谷氨酸 Glutamate	+
产铁载体实验 Experiment of producing iron carrier	-	丝氨酸 Serine	+
明胶液化 Gelatin liquefaction	+	肌酸 Creatine	-
产蛋白酶 Protease production	+	L-天冬酰胺 L-asparagine	-

图3 菌株TL1的16S rDNA序列的系统发育树分支处数值代表该节点的bootstrap值；括号内数值表示NCBI序列号。

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequence of TL1 strain Numbers on the branch represents bootstrap value. Numbers in parentheses are NCBI accession numbers.

图4 生防马氏类芽孢杆菌TL1的挥发性物对灰霉病菌的抑制作用

Fig. 4 Inhibitory effect of volatile compounds of biocontrol Paenibacillus maysiensis TL1 on Botrytis cinerea

表2 生防菌马氏类芽孢杆菌TL1对不同病原真菌的影响

Table 2 Effects of TL1 strain on different pathogenic fungi

病原真菌Pathogenic fungi	抑制率/% Inhibition	病原真菌Pathogenic fungi	抑制率/% Inhibition
黄瓜褐斑病菌Corynespora cassiicola	57.37 ± 0.96 ef	花生黑斑病菌Cercospora personatum	63.17 ± 1.35 c
烟草赤星病菌Alternaria alternata	73.48 ± 1.28 a	油菜黑斑病菌Alternaria brassicae	61.97 ± 1.48 cd
花生褐斑病菌Cercospora arachidicola	58.64 ± 1.41 e	恶苗病菌Fusarium moniliforme	68.14 ± 2.01 b

图5 生防菌马氏类芽孢杆菌TL1减轻番茄果实接种灰霉病菌后的症状

Fig. 5 Biocontrol bacterium Paenibacillus maysiensis TL1 alleviated the symptoms of tomato fruits inoculated with Botrytis cinerea

表3 生防菌马氏类芽孢杆菌TL1对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

Table 3 Effect of TL1 strain on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	出芽时间/d Germination time	根长/cm Root length	芽长/cm Sending length	根芽比 Root length/Sending length	发芽率/% Germination rate
对照Control	8.67 ± 1.24 a	3	4.25 ± 0.43 a	3.30 ± 0.23 a	1.29 ± 0.13 a	75.34 ± 1.92 a
TL1	12.73 ± 0.68 b	3	6.45 ± 0.38 b	3.80 ± 0.31 a	1.69 ± 0.27 b	93.15 ± 2.16 b

图6 生防菌马氏类芽孢杆菌TL1对番茄果实的定殖作用

Fig. 6 Colonization effect of TL1 strain on tomato fruit

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