山金柑四倍体资源的发掘与鉴定

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0927

园艺学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 27-35.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0927

山金柑四倍体资源的发掘与鉴定

蒋靖东¹, 韦壮敏², 王楠¹, 朱晨桥¹, 叶俊丽¹, 谢宗周¹^,^*(), 邓秀新¹, 柴利军¹^,^*()

¹华中农业大学园艺林学学院，果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室，武汉 430070
²广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所，南宁530001

收稿日期:2022-04-27 修回日期:2022-08-03 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-01-18
通讯作者: *（E-mail：chailijun@mail.hzau.edu.cn，xiezz@webmail.hzau.edu.cn）
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200200);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B0202070002);国家自然科学基金项目(32122075);国家自然科学基金项目(32072523);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-27)

Exploitation and Identification of Tetraploid Resources of Hongkong Kumquat（Fortunella hindsii）

JIANG Jingdong¹, WEI Zhuangmin², WANG Nan¹, ZHU Chenqiao¹, YE Junli¹, XIE Zongzhou¹^,^*(), DENG Xiuxin¹, CHAI Lijun¹^,^*()

¹National Key for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops，College of Horticulture and Forestry Science，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China
²Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute，Nanning 530001，China

Received:2022-04-27 Revised:2022-08-03 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-01-18
Contact: *（E-mail：chailijun@mail.hzau.edu.cn，xiezz@webmail.hzau.edu.cn）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在山金柑自然群体中通过流式细胞术发掘到1株四倍体植株，对其叶片、花朵、花粉、果实、种子等性状进行鉴定，并利用该材料自交创制新的四倍体材料。鉴定结果表明：四倍体相对于二倍体，叶片更宽、更厚、叶形指数变小，叶片气孔密度变小、气孔器更大；四倍体的花直径、整花长度、花瓣长度、花丝长度、雌蕊长度、花粉粒均极显著大于二倍体，花粉外壁纹饰密度极显著小于二倍体；四倍体的果形指数变大，果皮厚度增大，色泽指数无显著差异；四倍体种子横径与二倍体无显著差异，纵径极显著大于二倍体；其种子胚类型为多胚。四倍体山金柑自交后代均为四倍体，可作为柑橘育种和基础研究的资源。

关键词: 柑橘, 流式细胞术, 多倍体创制, 鉴定

Abstract:

A tetraploid plant was discovered in the native population of Hongkong kumquat （Fortunella hindsii）by flow cytometry. The leaf，flower，pollen，fruit，seed，and other characters of this tetraploid Hongkong kumquat were identified with the diploid Hongkong kumquat as control，and new tetraploid material was created by self-pollination of this tetraploid Hongkong kumquat. The results showed that compared with diploid Hongkong kumquat，the leaves of tetraploid are wider and thicker，leaf shape index becomes smaller，the stomatal density of the leaves becomes smaller and the stomatal apparatus is larger. The flowering diameter，whole flower length，petal length，filament length，pistil length，and pollen grain size of tetraploid are significantly larger than diploid，and the flower outer wall decoration density is significantly less than diploid，the fruit shape index of the tetraploid is larger，the peel thickness increases and the color index is not significantly different，the transverse diameter of tetraploid seeds is significantly different from diploid，the longitudinal diameter is significantly larger than diploid，and itsseed embryo type is polyembryonic. The progenies of tetraploid Hongkong kumquat are tetraploid. All the inbred progenies of tetraploid Hongkong kumquat are tetraploid. In this study，tetraploid Hongkong kumquat was discovered for the first time，its morphological indexes were identified. A new tetraploid was established in utilizing this material，which provided valuable materials for future citrus breeding and basic research.

Key words: citrus, flow cytometry, polyploidy creation, identification

中图分类号:

S666

蒋靖东, 韦壮敏, 王楠, 朱晨桥, 叶俊丽, 谢宗周, 邓秀新, 柴利军. 山金柑四倍体资源的发掘与鉴定[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(1): 27-35.

JIANG Jingdong, WEI Zhuangmin, WANG Nan, ZHU Chenqiao, YE Junli, XIE Zongzhou, DENG Xiuxin, CHAI Lijun. Exploitation and Identification of Tetraploid Resources of Hongkong Kumquat（Fortunella hindsii）[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 27-35.

图/表 8

图1 山金柑二倍体（2x）和四倍体（4x）植株及其倍性检测结果

Fig. 1 Results of ploidy analysis and plant of tetraploid（4x）and diploid（2x）Hongkong kumquat

图2 山金柑四倍体（4x）与二倍体（2x）的叶片及叶片气孔表型

Fig. 2 Phenotypes of leaves and leaf stomata of tetraploid（4x）and diploid（2x）Hongkong kumquat

表1 山金柑四倍体（4x）与二倍体（2x）的叶片形态指标比较

Table 1 Comparison of leaf morphological indexes of tetraploid（4x）and diploid（2x）Hongkong kumquat

材料 Material	长度/mm Length	宽度/mm Width	叶形指数 Leaf index	单叶质量/g Leaf weight	厚度/mm Thickness	面积/mm² Leaf area
2x	59.36 ± 4.14	20.33 ± 2.18	2.93 ± 0.21	0.24 ± 0.05	0.42 ± 0.05	796.12 ± 169.76
4x	63.27 ± 4.14	26.38 ± 1.96^**	2.40 ± 0.14^**	0.35 ± 0.04^**	0.58 ± 0.07^**	1091.81 ± 131.25^**
材料 Material	气孔Leaf stomata
材料 Material	数量 Number	长度/mm Length	宽度/mm Width
2x	72.20 ± 1.60	20.66 ± 0.60	19.12 ± 0.41
4x	23.40 ± 2.58^**	30.68 ± 0.57^**	27.05 ± 0.82^**

图3 山金柑四倍体（4x）与二倍体（2x）的花朵及花粉粒表型

Fig. 3 Phenotypes of flowers and pollen grains of tetraploid（4x）and diploid（2x）Hongkong kumquat

表2 山金柑四倍体（4x）与二倍体（2x）的花形态指标比较

Table 2 Comparison of flower morphological indexes of tetraploid（4x）and diploid（2x） Hongkong kumquat

材料 Material	开花直径/mm Diameter	整花长度/mm Flower length	花瓣厚度/mm Petal thichness	花瓣长度/mm Petal length	雌蕊长度/mm Pistil length	花丝长度/mm Filament length
2x	3.50 ± 0.43	6.48 ± 0.25	0.26 ± 0.03	5.74 ± 0.41	2.19 ± 0.24	2.92 ± 0.28
4x	5.04 ± 0.26^**	9.04 ± 0.72^**	0.72 ± 0.12^**	7.13 ± 0.55^**	2.84 ± 0.13^**	3.74 ± 0.14^**
材料 Material	花粉粒 Pollen grain
材料 Material	极轴长/μm Pollen polar axis length		赤道轴长/μm Pollen equatorial axis length		花粉外壁纹饰数量 Number of pollen exine ornamentation
2x	20.76 ± 0.47		19.46 ± 0.69		34.30 ± 2.83
4x	28.09 ± 0.45^**		25.44 ± 0.66^**		23.60 ± 2.24^**

图4 山金柑四倍体（4x）与二倍体（2x）的果实（A）和四倍体的多胚种子（B）

Fig. 4 Fruits of tetraploid（4x）and diploid（2x）Hongkong kumquat（A）and polyembryonic seeds of the tetraploid（4x）Hongkong kumquat（B）

表3 山金柑四倍体（4x）与二倍体（2x）的果实与种子形态指标比较

Table 3 Comparison of fruit and seed morphological indexes of tetraploid（4x）and diploid（2x）Hongkong kumquat

材料 Material	果实横径/mm Horizontal diameter of fruit	果实纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter of fruit	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果皮厚度/mm Peel thickness	色泽指数 Color index	种子横径/mm Horizontal diameter of seed	种子纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter of seed
2x	9.79 ± 1.29	10.95 ± 1.00	1.23 ± 0.10	0.55 ± 0.05	13.31 ± 1.30	5.00 ± 0.35	6.10 ± 0.50
4x	7.98 ± 0.55^**	12.00 ± 1.66^*	1.51 ± 0.14^**	0.67 ± 0.12^**	13.25 ± 1.30^*	4.66 ± 0.33^*	7.73 ± 0.43^**

图5 山金柑四倍体自交及其子代倍性鉴定 A：自交花柱荧光图像；B：自交子代；C：自交子代倍性鉴定。

Fig. 5 Results of ploidy analysis of self-progeny tetraploid Hongkong kumquat A：Fluorescence images of pollen tubes after self pollinations；B：Self-progeny；C：Ploidy analysis of self-progeny.

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山金柑四倍体资源的发掘与鉴定

Exploitation and Identification of Tetraploid Resources of Hongkong Kumquat（Fortunella hindsii）

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山金柑四倍体资源的发掘与鉴定

Exploitation and Identification of Tetraploid Resources of Hongkong Kumquat（Fortunella hindsii）

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