植物生长延缓剂延迟黄花菜花期及对代谢产物的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对黄花菜喷施矮壮素（500、1 000和2 500 mg · L^-1）、烯效唑（50、100和500 mg · L^-1）和多效唑（50、100和500 mg · L^-1），探讨其对黄花菜花期延迟及生长发育和代谢产物的影响。结果表明，3种植物生长延缓剂处理均对黄花菜农艺性状、经济性状等有显著影响。其中，烯效唑显著增加了花蕾质量，多效唑处理使开花时间比对照延迟16 d。在代谢产物分析中发现，淀粉和蔗糖代谢、半乳糖代谢和氨酰基tRNA生物合成在植物生长延缓剂对花期影响中起着重要作用。植物生长延缓剂主要通过增加黄花菜氨基酸含量和降低糖含量来调节黄花菜生长发育。黄河流域黄花菜生产中推迟其开花的最佳处理为500 mg · L^-1的多效唑。

关键词: 黄花菜, 植物生长延缓剂, 开花时间, 代谢产物, 农艺性状, 经济性状, 生长发育

Abstract:

The effects of chlorocholine chloride（500，1 000，2 500 mg · L^-1)，uniconazole（50，100，500 mg · L^-1）and paclobutrazol（50，100，500 mg · L^-1）on flowering delay，growth，development and metabolites of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni were investigated. The results showed that the three plant growth retardants had significant effects on the agronomic and economic traits of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. Uniconazole significantly increased the quality of flower buds，and paclobutrazol treatment delayed the flowering time by 16 days compared with the control. The analysis of metabolites showed that starch and sucrose metabolism，galactose metabolism and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis played an important role in the effect of plant growth retardants on flowering. Plant growth retardants mainly regulate the growth and development of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni by increasing the content of amino acids and reducing the content of sugar. The optimal treatment for delaying the flowering time of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in the Yellow River Basin was 500 mg · L^-1 paclobutrazol.

Key words: Hemerocallis citrina, plant growth retardant, flowering time, metabolite, agronomic trait, economic trait, growth and development

孟璐, 马涛, 岳新丽, 王慧, 李小玉, 王力. 植物生长延缓剂延迟黄花菜花期及对代谢产物的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(4): 997-1006.

MENG Lu, MA Tao, YUE Xinli, WANG Hui, LI Xiaoyu, WANG Li. Effects of Plant Growth Retardants on the Flowering Period of Hemerocallis citrina and Its Metabolites[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 997-1006.

图/表 9

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植物生长延缓剂 Plant growth retardant	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration	株高/cm Plant height	薹高/cm Bolt height	株幅/cm Plant width	最长叶长/cm Longest leaf length	最长叶宽/cm Maximum leaf width
矮壮素 CCC	500	59.8 ab	103.8 a	72.8 ab	75.2 ab	2.0 a
	1 000	61.3 a	99.0 ab	70.0 abc	69.8 b	2.0 a
	2 500	54.5 bcd	92.8 b	69.2 abc	73.0 b	1.7 a
烯效唑 S3307	50	51.3 cd	83.0 c	66.0 bcd	75.8 ab	1.9 a
	100	56.2 abc	76.8 cd	66.8 bcd	72.3 b	1.9 a
	500	49.2 d	65.8 f	60.2 d	73.7 b	2.0 a
多效唑 PP333	50	56.0 abc	82.2 c	74.2 a	81.8 a	2.0 a
	100	52.2 cd	73.0 de	66.0 bcd	76.7 ab	1.8 a
	500	53.3 cd	67.8 ef	65.0 cd	82.2 a	2.0 a
水Water（对照Control）		61.9 a	95.2 b	72.4 ab	72.2 b	1.7 a

植物生长延缓剂 Plant growth retardant	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration	株高/cm Plant height	薹高/cm Bolt height	株幅/cm Plant width	最长叶长/cm Longest leaf length	最长叶宽/cm Maximum leaf width
矮壮素 CCC	500	59.8 ab	103.8 a	72.8 ab	75.2 ab	2.0 a
	1 000	61.3 a	99.0 ab	70.0 abc	69.8 b	2.0 a
	2 500	54.5 bcd	92.8 b	69.2 abc	73.0 b	1.7 a
烯效唑 S3307	50	51.3 cd	83.0 c	66.0 bcd	75.8 ab	1.9 a
	100	56.2 abc	76.8 cd	66.8 bcd	72.3 b	1.9 a
	500	49.2 d	65.8 f	60.2 d	73.7 b	2.0 a
多效唑 PP333	50	56.0 abc	82.2 c	74.2 a	81.8 a	2.0 a
	100	52.2 cd	73.0 de	66.0 bcd	76.7 ab	1.8 a
	500	53.3 cd	67.8 ef	65.0 cd	82.2 a	2.0 a
水Water（对照Control）		61.9 a	95.2 b	72.4 ab	72.2 b	1.7 a

植物生长延缓剂 Plant growth retardant	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration	蕾粗/mm Bud coarseness	单蕾质量/g Single bud weight	蕾数 Bud number	有茎蕾长/cm Bud length with stem	无茎蕾长/cm Bud length without stem
矮壮素 CCC	500	9.3 f	3.6 fg	23.8 a	13.0 bc	8.6 d
	1 000	10.3 e	3.7 ef	22.7 a	13.2 bc	9.0 cd
	2 500	10.4 e	4.2 de	21.5 a	13.4 bc	9.3 bc
烯效唑 S3307	50	11.4 cd	4.5 cd	25.0 a	12.8 bcd	9.3 bc
	100	12.0 bc	5.3 b	22.7 a	12.8 bcd	9.6 b
	500	13.2 a	6.6 a	19.8 a	14.1 a	11.0 a
多效唑 PP333	50	10.4 e	4.1 de	21.8 a	12.6 cde	9.2 bc
	100	10.7 de	4.2 de	22.8 a	12.2 e	9.0 cd
	500	12.1 bc	5.0 bc	25.8 a	11.2 f	8.9 cd
水Water（对照Control）		9.3 f	3.2 g	22.9 a	12.2 de	8.0 e

植物生长延缓剂 Plant growth retardant	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration	蕾粗/mm Bud coarseness	单蕾质量/g Single bud weight	蕾数 Bud number	有茎蕾长/cm Bud length with stem	无茎蕾长/cm Bud length without stem
矮壮素 CCC	500	9.3 f	3.6 fg	23.8 a	13.0 bc	8.6 d
	1 000	10.3 e	3.7 ef	22.7 a	13.2 bc	9.0 cd
	2 500	10.4 e	4.2 de	21.5 a	13.4 bc	9.3 bc
烯效唑 S3307	50	11.4 cd	4.5 cd	25.0 a	12.8 bcd	9.3 bc
	100	12.0 bc	5.3 b	22.7 a	12.8 bcd	9.6 b
	500	13.2 a	6.6 a	19.8 a	14.1 a	11.0 a
多效唑 PP333	50	10.4 e	4.1 de	21.8 a	12.6 cde	9.2 bc
	100	10.7 de	4.2 de	22.8 a	12.2 e	9.0 cd
	500	12.1 bc	5.0 bc	25.8 a	11.2 f	8.9 cd
水Water（对照Control）		9.3 f	3.2 g	22.9 a	12.2 de	8.0 e

植物生长延缓剂 Plant growth retardant	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration	初花期推迟时间/d 5% flowering time	盛花期推迟时间/d 50% flowering time	末花期推迟时间/d 95% flowering time
矮壮素 CCC	500	3.7 e	0.3 fg	0.7 g
	1 000	5.3 d	1.7 f	2.0 f
	2 500	7.0 c	3.3 e	2.7 f
烯效唑 S3307	50	2.0 f	5.0 d	4.3 e
	100	8.7 c	6.0 cd	7.3 c
	500	14.0 b	8.7 b	9.3 b
多效唑 PP333	50	8.7 c	7.0 c	6.0 d
	100	13.0 b	9.0 b	9.0 b
	500	16.0 a	12.0 a	11.3 a
水Water（对照Control）		0 g	0 g	0 g