不同苹果矮化砧穗组合的抗旱性比较研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0671

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以4年生苹果矮化砧穗组合（‘宫藤富士’/G935、‘宫藤富士’/M9-T337和‘宫藤富士’/SH6）为试验材料,研究了3种组合叶片形态结构的差异,并结合各组合在干旱胁迫8 d期间及复水7 d后的光合作用与生理生化指标的变化,利用隶属函数法综合评价其抗旱性。结果显示,‘宫藤富士’/SH6的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度及气孔密度均显著低于‘宫藤富士’/G935和‘宫藤富士’/M9-T337;干旱胁迫期间,与另外两个砧穗组合相比,‘宫藤富士’/SH6具有更高的水分利用效率（WUE）、渗透调节物质积累量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和叶片ABA含量,而丙二醛（MDA）含量最低;就光合参数而言,‘宫藤富士’/SH6的净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）和气孔导度（G_s）在干旱胁迫期间均显著低于‘宫藤富士’/G935和‘宫藤富士’/M9-T337。隶属函数分析结果表明,‘宫藤富士’/SH6抗旱性最优,其次为‘宫藤富士’/G935,而‘宫藤富士’/M9-T337抗旱性最差。综上,‘宫藤富士’/SH6是抗旱性优良的苹果矮化砧穗组合。

关键词: 苹果, 矮化, 砧穗组合, 抗旱性, 隶属函数

Abstract:

To evaluate the effect of apple dwarfing rootstocks on the scion growth and drought resistance,we used four-year-old apple trees with different scion-rootstock combinations（‘Fuji’/G935,‘Fuji’/M9-T337 and‘Fuji’/SH6）. Morphology analysis of these three apple trees showed that‘Fuji’scion grown on SH6 exhibited significantly reduced leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness and stomatal density compared with the‘Fuji’grafted on G935 and M9-T337. Furthermore,three kinds of apple trees were exposed to drought stress treatment for determining their drought tolerance and recovery feature after re-watering. The analysis of drought-related physiology parameters indicated that compared with the other two grafted combinations,the‘Fuji’/SH6 combination displayed enhanced water use efficiency（WUE）,osmoregulation substance content,superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity and ABA content,and the reduced malondialdehyde（MDA）content,net photosynthetic rate（P_n）,transpiration rate（T_r）and stomatal conductance（G_s）under drought stress. The results of membership function analysis showed that‘Fuji’/SH6 had the optimal drought resistance,followed by‘Fuji’/G935,and‘Fuji’/M9-T337 had the worst drought resistance. Overall,‘Fuji’/SH6 grafted combination showed excellent drought resistance.

Key words: apple, dwarfing, rootstock and scion, drought resistance, membership function

中图分类号:

S661.1

冯琛, 黄学旺, 李兴亮, 周佳, 李天红. 不同苹果矮化砧穗组合的抗旱性比较研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 945-957.

FENG Chen, HUANG Xuewang, LI Xingliang, ZHOU Jia, LI Tianhong. Comparative Study on Drought Resistance of Different Apple Dwarfing Rootstock and Scion Combinations[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(5): 945-957.

图/表 10

图1 苹果矮化砧穗组合叶片下表皮气孔（A）和叶片纵切石蜡切片（B）显微结构差异气孔数单位面积为0.15 mm2。同行数字后不同小写字母表示3种砧穗组合在P < 0.05水平下差异显著。

Fig. 1 Differences in leaf lower epidermis（A）and longitudinal structure of leaves（B）of dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple Number of stomata were counted on 0.15 mm2 leaf area. Different small letters in the same row indicate the significant difference among different dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple at the level of P < 0.05.

图2 干旱胁迫及复水后3种矮化砧穗组合土壤水势的变化同一处理时间不同小写字母表示3种砧穗组合在P < 0.05水平差异显著,下同。

Fig. 2 Changes of soil water potential in three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress and rehydration Different small letters at the same treatment time indicate the significant difference among different dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple at the level of P < 0.05. The same below.

图3 干旱胁迫及复水后苹果3种矮化砧穗组合光合参数的变化

Fig. 3 Changes of photosynthetic parameter in three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress and rehydration

图4 干旱胁迫及复水后苹果3种矮化砧穗组合水分利用效率

Fig. 4 Changes of water use efficiency in three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress and rehydration

图5 干旱胁迫及复水后苹果3种矮化砧穗组合叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量的变化

Fig. 5 Changes of chlorophyll content and carotenoids content in three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress and rehydration

图6 干旱胁迫及复水后苹果3种矮化砧穗组合渗透调节物质含量的变化

Fig. 6 Changes of osmotic adjustment content in three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress and rehydration

图7 干旱胁迫及复水后苹果3种矮化砧穗组合抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的变化

Fig. 7 Changes of antioxidant enzymes activity and MDA content in three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress and rehydration

图8 干旱胁迫及复水后苹果3种矮化砧穗组合叶片ABA含量的变化

Fig. 8 Changes of leaves abscisic acid content in three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress and rehydration

表1 苹果3种矮化砧穗组合抗旱性隶属函数值

Table 1 Membership function value of drought resistance of different dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple

指标 Index	隶属函数值/ Membership function value
指标 Index	‘宫藤富士’Fuji/G935	‘宫藤富士’Fuji/M9-T337	‘宫藤富士’Fuji/SH6
净光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	1.000	0.901	0.000
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	0.000	0.143	1.000
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	1.000	0.000	0.552
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	0.000	0.111	1.000
水分利用效率 Water use efficiency	1.000	0.351	0.000
叶绿素Chlorophyl	1.000	0.403	0.000
类胡萝卜素Carotenoid	1.000	0.501	0.000
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	1.000	0.000	0.868
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein	0.000	0.800	1.000
游离脯氨酸Proline	0.000	0.114	1.000
丙二醛Malondialdehyde	1.000	0.000	0.215
超氧化物歧化酶Superoxide dismutase	0.000	0.361	1.000
过氧化物酶Peroxidase	1.000	0.000	0.652
过氧化氢酶Catalase	0.000	1.000	0.590
超氧阴离子自由基Oxygen free radical	0.000	0.496	1.000
过氧化氢Hydrogen peroxide	0.000	0.501	1.000
脱落酸Abscisic acid	0.000	0.334	1.000
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness	0.655	1.000	0.000
上表皮厚度 Upper epidermis thickness	0.487	1.000	0.000
栅栏组织厚度 Palisade tissue thickness	0.687	1.000	0.000
海绵组织厚度 Sponge tissue thickness	0.891	1.000	0.000
平均得分 Average score	0.510	0.477	0.518
排序 Rank	2	3	1

图9 干旱胁迫8 d苹果3种砧穗组合的表型

Fig. 9 Phenotypic of three dwarfing rootstock and scion combinations of apple under drought stress for 8 d

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