温室番茄东西向栽培条件下矮化密植对其生长和产量的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用田间试验研究不同密度下东西向栽培对温室番茄生长、产量、品质的影响,以期为设施蔬菜轻简、优质、高效生产提供技术支持。试验采用适合温室机械化作业的东西向起垄种植番茄,设密度和不同位置2个因素,主因素为普通稀植（3.3万株 · hm^-2,留4穗果）和矮化密植（6.6万株 · hm^-2,留3穗果）,副因素为4个不同位置的种植畦处理。结果表明,温室内环境条件在不同位置上存在明显差异,北畦土壤温度较南畦高0.3 ~ 1.3 ℃,但光照强度较南畦降低39.7% ~ 49.0%;不同位置土壤水分和EC值的变幅较小。矮化密植处理南畦幼苗茎粗较北畦显著增加。番茄产量南畦高于北畦,增产12.8% ~ 30.1%,密植处理显著高于稀植处理,增产27.7%。与稀植相比,密植没有降低果实品质。在时间上,密植处理早期（6月9—20日）番茄产量比稀植处理增产37%,早期产量增产贡献率达到73%,显著提高了番茄生产的经济效益。综上,温室番茄东西向栽培条件下,采用密植有利于合理利用环境条件,提高早期产量实现增产增收。

关键词: 番茄, 设施栽培, 东西向栽培, 矮化密植, 产量

Abstract:

The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different planting densities on the growth,yield and quality of greenhouse tomato under east-west cultivation in order to provide technical support for the light,simple,high-quality and efficient production of protected vegetables. In this experiment,tomato was planted in east-west ridging suitable for greenhouse mechanized operations. Two factors,density and different locations,were set. The main factors were common sparse planting（33 000 plants · hm^-2 with four ears of fruit）and dwarf close planting（66 000 plants · hm^-2 with three ears of fruit）,and the secondary factor was planting bed treatments in four different locations. The results showed that there were significant differences in environmental conditions of greenhouse at different locations. The soil temperature in the north bed was 0.3-1.3 ℃ higher than that in the south bed,but the light intensity was 39.7%-49.0% lower than that in the south bed. The variation of soil moisture and EC values at the same position was small. The stem diameter in the south bed treated with close planting was significantly higher than that in the north bed at seedling stage. The yield of tomato in the south bed was higher than that in the north bed,increasing by 12.8%-30.1%,and the yield of the close planting treatment was significantly higher than that in the sparse planting treatment,increasing by 27.7%. Compared with sparse planting,close planting did not decrease fruit quality. In terms of harvest time,the fruit yield in the early stage of close planting（from June 9th to June 20th）was increased by 37% compared with that of sparse planting,and the contribution rate of yield increase in the early stage reached 73%,which significantly improved the economic benefit of tomato production. In summary,under the condition of greenhouse tomato cultivation in the east-west direction,the adoption of close planting is conducive to the rational use of environmental conditions,improve the early yield and realize the increase in yield and income.

Key words: tomato, greenhouse cultivation, east-west cultivation, dwarf close planting, yield

中图分类号:

S641.2

崔东禹, 李长青, 孙焱鑫, 王激清, 邹国元, 杨俊刚. 温室番茄东西向栽培条件下矮化密植对其生长和产量的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(4): 875-884.

CUI Dongyu, LI Changqing, SUN Yanxin, WANG Jiqing, ZOU Guoyuan, YANG Jungang. Effects of Dwarf Close Planting on Growth and Yield of Tomato Under East-West Cultivation in Greenhouse[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(4): 875-884.

图/表 7

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种植方式 Planting way	位置 Position	畦 Border	维生素C/（mg · kg^-1） Vitamin C	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio	番茄红素/ （mg · kg^-1） Lycopene
矮化密植 Dwarf close planting（DCP）	南South	1	107.0 ± 1.11 a	3.16 ± 0.04 a	0.40 ± 0.04 a	7.90 a	22.6 ± 0.30 a
		2	98.6 ± 1.12 ab	2.71 ± 0.30 a	0.45 ± 0.02 a	6.02 a	25.0 ± 0.23 a
	北North	2	84.5 ± 1.02 b	3.22 ± 0.22 a	0.45 ± 0.05 a	7.15 a	24.6 ± 0.33 a
		1	81.3 ± 0.54 b	2.75 ± 0.35 a	0.46 ± 0.06 a	5.97 a	22.9 ± 0.17 a
	平均Mean		92.9 A	2.96 A	0.44 A	6.76 A	23.8 A
普通稀植 Common sparse planting（CSP）	南South	1	97.6 ± 1.23 a	3.05 ± 0.45 a	0.37 ± 0.02 a	8.24 a	25.7 ± 0.38 a
		2	83.9 ± 0.70 a	2.91 ± 0.28 a	0.38 ± 0.04 a	7.65 a	26.2 ± 0.32 a
	北North	2	92.9 ± 1.22 a	2.70 ± 0.08 a	0.40 ± 0.02 a	6.75 a	27.8 ± 0.25 a
		1	87.9 ± 0.44 a	2.88 ± 0.27 a	0.41 ± 0.02 a	7.02 a	23.1 ± 0.15 a
	平均Mean		90.6 A	2.88 A	0.49 A	7.41 A	25.7 A

种植方式 Planting way	位置 Position	畦 Border	维生素C/（mg · kg^-1） Vitamin C	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio	番茄红素/ （mg · kg^-1） Lycopene
矮化密植 Dwarf close planting（DCP）	南South	1	107.0 ± 1.11 a	3.16 ± 0.04 a	0.40 ± 0.04 a	7.90 a	22.6 ± 0.30 a
		2	98.6 ± 1.12 ab	2.71 ± 0.30 a	0.45 ± 0.02 a	6.02 a	25.0 ± 0.23 a
	北North	2	84.5 ± 1.02 b	3.22 ± 0.22 a	0.45 ± 0.05 a	7.15 a	24.6 ± 0.33 a
		1	81.3 ± 0.54 b	2.75 ± 0.35 a	0.46 ± 0.06 a	5.97 a	22.9 ± 0.17 a
	平均Mean		92.9 A	2.96 A	0.44 A	6.76 A	23.8 A
普通稀植 Common sparse planting（CSP）	南South	1	97.6 ± 1.23 a	3.05 ± 0.45 a	0.37 ± 0.02 a	8.24 a	25.7 ± 0.38 a
		2	83.9 ± 0.70 a	2.91 ± 0.28 a	0.38 ± 0.04 a	7.65 a	26.2 ± 0.32 a
	北North	2	92.9 ± 1.22 a	2.70 ± 0.08 a	0.40 ± 0.02 a	6.75 a	27.8 ± 0.25 a
		1	87.9 ± 0.44 a	2.88 ± 0.27 a	0.41 ± 0.02 a	7.02 a	23.1 ± 0.15 a
	平均Mean		90.6 A	2.88 A	0.49 A	7.41 A	25.7 A

种植方式 Planting way	位置 Position	畦 Border	叶绿素含量/（SPAD） Chlorophyll content	净光合速率/（µmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Net photosynthetic rate	蒸腾速率/ （mmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Transpiration rate
矮化密植 Dwarf close planting（DCP）	南South	1	44.4 ± 1.35 a	12.4 ± 3.14 a	1.27 ± 0.44 a
	南South	2	47.9 ± 0.44 a	12.1 ± 5.77 a	1.26 ± 0.25 a
	北North	2	45.6 ± 3.13 a	12.4 ± 1.71 a	1.24 ± 0.73 a
	北North	1	45.9 ± 1.45 a	12.8 ± 9.33 a	1.73 ± 0.40 a
平均Mean			45.9 A	12.4 A	1.38 A
普通稀植 Common sparse planting（CSP）	南South	1	50.1 ± 2.66 a	11.8 ± 1.06 a	0.71 ± 0.18 a
	南South	2	50.0 ± 0.68 a	12.0 ± 3.04 a	0.52 ± 0.06 a
	北North	2	47.3 ± 3.30 a	11.8 ± 4.28 a	0.63 ± 0.24 a
	北North	1	49.2 ± 1.21 a	11.8 ± 9.66 a	0.68 ± 0.20 a
平均Mean			49.2 A	11.8 A	0.64 B

种植方式 Planting way	位置 Position	畦 Border	叶绿素含量/（SPAD） Chlorophyll content	净光合速率/（µmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Net photosynthetic rate	蒸腾速率/ （mmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Transpiration rate
矮化密植 Dwarf close planting（DCP）	南South	1	44.4 ± 1.35 a	12.4 ± 3.14 a	1.27 ± 0.44 a
	南South	2	47.9 ± 0.44 a	12.1 ± 5.77 a	1.26 ± 0.25 a
	北North	2	45.6 ± 3.13 a	12.4 ± 1.71 a	1.24 ± 0.73 a
	北North	1	45.9 ± 1.45 a	12.8 ± 9.33 a	1.73 ± 0.40 a
平均Mean			45.9 A	12.4 A	1.38 A
普通稀植 Common sparse planting（CSP）	南South	1	50.1 ± 2.66 a	11.8 ± 1.06 a	0.71 ± 0.18 a
	南South	2	50.0 ± 0.68 a	12.0 ± 3.04 a	0.52 ± 0.06 a
	北North	2	47.3 ± 3.30 a	11.8 ± 4.28 a	0.63 ± 0.24 a
	北North	1	49.2 ± 1.21 a	11.8 ± 9.66 a	0.68 ± 0.20 a
平均Mean			49.2 A	11.8 A	0.64 B