百合花色研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0532

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

类黄酮和类胡萝卜素是百合花色的主要呈色物质,这两类物质的种类、含量以及在花被片上不同区域的分布形成了丰富且类型多样的百合花色。总结近年百合花色研究工作取得的进展,重点对花色类型、花青素苷和类胡萝卜素的合成、转运以及呈色分子调控机制研究进行了归纳,并对百合花色的研究方向提出了展望,以期为后续百合花色形成机制研究提供参考。

关键词: 百合, 花色, 花青素苷, 类胡萝卜素, 生物合成与转运, 调控

Abstract:

Flower color,mainly formed by anthocyanins and carotenoids,is a vital ornamental characteristics of lily. The differences of the types and contents of anthocyanins and carotenoids and their distribution in different areas in petals result in colorful lily varieties. In this paper,the recent advances of lily color researches were systemically summarized,focusing on the types of lily color,the syntheses and transportations of anthocyanins and carotenoids as well as the molecular regulation mechanisms of coloration. The exploration fields and trends were conceived with the aim to provide references for the mechanism of lily color following researches.

Key words: Lilium, flower color, anthocyanin, carotenoid, biosynthesis and transport, regulation

中图分类号:

S682.2

毕蒙蒙, 曹雨薇, 宋蒙, 唐玉超, 何国仁, 杨悦, 杨盼盼, 徐雷锋, 明军. 百合花色研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(10): 2073-2086.

BI Mengmeng, CAO Yuwei, SONG Meng, TANG Yuchao, HE Guoren, YANG Yue, YANG Panpan, XU Leifeng, MING Jun. Advances in Flower Color Research of Lilium[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2073-2086.

图/表 5

图1 百合花色8个色系代表品种 a:白色系;b:黄色系;c:粉色系;d:橙色系;e:橙红色系;f:玫红色系;g:红色系;h:暗红色系。

Fig. 1 Eight representative varieties of flower color in lilies a:White group;b:Yellow group;c:Pink group;d:Orange group;e:Orange-red group;f:Rose-red group;g:Red group;h:Dark-red group.

图2 百合着色类型 a ~ c:单色;d ~ f:双色;g ~ i:突起状斑点;j ~ l:溅泼状斑点;m ~ o:刷状斑点;p ~ r:斑线。

Fig. 2 Coloring types in lilies a-c:Single colour;d-f:Bicolour;g-i:Raised spots;j-l:Splatters spots;m-o:Blushmarks spots;p-r:Linear spots.

图3 百合花青素苷合成调控模式图 PAL:苯丙氨酸解氨酶;C4H:肉桂酸4-羟化酶;4CL:4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶;CHS:查尔酮合成酶;CHI:4-羟查尔酮异构酶;F3H:黄烷酮3-羟化酶;F3’H:类黄酮3’-羟化酶;DFR:二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶;ANS:花青素苷合酶;GT:葡糖基转移酶;RT:鼠李糖基转移酶;GST:谷胱甘肽S-转移酶;TF:转录因子。

Fig. 3 Models for biosynthesis,regulaion of anthocyaninsin in lilies PAL:Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase;C4H:Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase;4CL:4-coumarate:CoA ligase;CHS:Chalcone synthase;CHI:Chalcone isomerase;F3H:Flavonoid 3-hydroxylase;F3’H:Flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase;DFR:Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase;ANS:Anthocyanidin synthase;GT:Glycosyl transferases;RT:Rhamnosyl transferase;GST:Glutathione S-transferase;TF:Transcription factor.

图4 百合类胡萝卜素合成与调控模式图红色字体显示百合中已鉴定出的酶。PSY:八氢番茄红素合成酶;PDS:八氢番茄红素脱氢酶;Z-ISO:ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶;ZDS:ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶;CRTISO:类胡萝卜素异构酶;LCYE:番茄红素ξ-环化酶;LCYB:番茄红素β-环化酶;HYB:β-环羟化酶;HYE:ξ-环羟化酶;ZEP:玉米黄质环氧化酶;VDE:紫黄质脱环氧化酶;NSY:新黄质合成酶;CCS:辣椒红素-辣椒玉红素合成酶;TF:转录因子。

Fig. 4 Models for carotenoids biosynthesis,regulation of lilies Biosynthesis enzymes isolated from lilies are written in red letters. PSY:Phytoene synthase;PDS:Phytoene desaturase;Z-ISO:ζ-carotene isomerase;ZDS:ζ-carotene desaturase;CRTISO:Carotenoid isomerase;LCYE:Lycopene ξ-cyclase;LCYB:Lycopene β-cyclase;HYB:β-ring hydroxylase;HYE:ξ-ring hydroxylase;ZEP:Zeaxanthin epoxidase;VDE:Violaxanthin deepoxidase;NSY:Neoxanthin synthase;CCS:Capsanthin-capsorubin synthase;TF:Transcription factor.

图5 百合花青素苷转运调控模式图红框显示百合中已揭示的转运机制。GST:谷胱甘肽S-转移酶;GSH:谷胱甘肽;MATE:液泡膜上多药和多毒化合物家族排出运载体;AVIs:花色素苷泡状内涵体;PVC:前液泡组成体;PSV:蛋白质储存泡。

Fig. 5 Models for transport mechanisms of anthocyaninsin in lilies Transport mechanisms revealed in lilies are displayed in red box. GST:Glutathione S-transferase;GSH:Glutathione;MATE:Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion;AVIs:Anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions;PVC:Prevacuolar compartments;PSV:Protein storage vacuoles.

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