果树

• Calcium Protects Grape Leaves Against Cadmium Stress by Root Treatment
• ZHANG Xin-rong;YANG Hong-qiang;SUI Jing;QIAO Hai-tao;JIANG Qian-qian;RAN Kun;YOU Shu-zhen;and ZHANG Long
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1405-1410.
• Abstract ( 2318 ) HTML ( 1459 ) PDF (399KB) ( 1459 ) 　　　

• Protecting effects of CaCl₂ on the leaves of grape against cadmium stress were studied by root treatment using cutting seedling of Kyoho grape. The results showed that CdCl₂ could induce significantly accumulation of MDA and H₂O₂ and increase electrolytic leakage of PM (plasma membrane), also markedly inhibited the respiratory rate, CAT activity, H⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities in PM. The application of 0.5 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂ inhibited significantly the increases of MDA and H₂O₂ content and electrolytic leakage of PM caused by CdCl₂ treatment, and decreased the inhibition of CAT activity, respiratory rate and the activity of H⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase in PM under CdCl₂ treatment. These indicated that 0.5 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂ can alleviate the stress caused by CdCl2 in grape leaves.
  

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• Comparative Studies on Canopy Structure Characteristics , Yield and Fruit Quality in Horizontal Trellis System and Delayed-open Central Leader System of 'Hosui' Pear Tree
• WU Tao;ZHANG Shao-ling;WU Jun;XIAO Jia-xin;WU Hua-qing;LIU Ji-xiang;ZHANG Hua;and WU Gui-fa
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1411-1418.
• Abstract ( 2379 ) HTML ( 1374 ) PDF (1628KB) ( 1374 ) 　　　

• The canopy structure characteristics, yield, and quality differences were comparatively investigated between the horizontal trellis system (HTS) and the delayed-open central leader system (DLS) of 'Hosui' pear tree with WinsCanopy2005a for Hemispherical Image Analysis. The results showed that mean leaf angle，canopy openness，direct PPFDs, indirect PPFDs and total PPFDs under tree were significantly or very significantly higher in HTS than that in DLS, but the leaf area indexes were significantly lower in HTS than in DLS. Single fruit weight, total contents of soluble solid and sugar, and sugar-acid ratio of HTS were higher by 23.59%, 9.7%, 11.25% and 29.08%, respectively. Whereas, fruit yield per tree, titratable acidity and stone cell contents were lower by 17.80%, 13.45%, and 30.43%, respectively, in comparison to DLS. Consistency of fruit quality in different positions of HDS was better than that of DLS, which was mainly ascribed to the relatively large canopy openness, higher PPFD and strong bearing branch, while its lower yield could be explained by its smaller shoot total volume and leaf area index. The significant correlations were found between the canopy characteristics parameters and yield as well as main quality indexes, for example, canopy openness were very significantly positively related to the total soluble sugars ( r = 0.9820**), but correlated negatively with titratable acidity ( r = - 0.9485**). It is suggested that the application of WinsCanopy2005a may be a new method for the research on tranining systems of pear tree.
  

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• Differences and Changes of Aroma Components During Fruit Maturation of Two Early Apple Cultivars
• WANG Hai-bo;CHEN Xue-sen;ZHANG Chun-yu;LIU Chong-qi;WU Chuan-jin;TIAN Chang-ping;and WANG Chao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1419-1424.
• Abstract ( 2334 ) HTML ( 1839 ) PDF (326KB) ( 1839 ) 　　　
• The aroma components during fruit maturation of two early apple cultivars (‘Taishan Zaoxia’ and ‘Liaofu’) were analyzed by static headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that eight character impact components (CICs) were identified in Taishan Zaoxia, including butyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate, hexyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, propyl butanoate, butyl 2-methylbutanoate and ethyl hexanoate. Meanwhile, six CICs were found in Liaofu and they were hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, hexyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and ethyl hexanoate. The quantitatively significant components were esters in Taishan Zaoxia and alcohols in Liaofu during fruit maturation, respectively. It showed difference in ester types between two cultivars that the major ester components were acetate esters in Taishan Zaoxia and butanoate esters in Liaofu. It was also observed that the contents of esters and alcohols in two cultivars increased significantly during fruit maturation. The total content of esters in Taishan Zaoxia at 45 days after full bloom (DAFB) was obviously higher than the contents of its other components and the esters in Liaofu, which implied the starting of ester synthesis in Taishan Zaoxia was earlier. However, the stage of alcohol synthesis largely in Liaofu was from 45 to 60 DAFB, earlier than the stage from 60 to 75 DAFB in Taishan Zaoxia, which indicated the difference between apple cultivars.
  
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• The Relationship Between Chilling Injury and NADK Activity in Postharvest Banana Fruits
• LIU Cai-xia;GU Cai-qin;and ZHU Dong-xue
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1425-1430.
• Abstract ( 2285 ) HTML ( 1751 ) PDF (496KB) ( 1751 ) 　　　

• Changes of activity of NAD kinase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) , chilling injury and relative conductivity, MDA content of postharvest banana fruits storage at 22℃ and 6℃ were studied. The results showed that the fruits at 6 ℃ for three days occured visible chilling injury and became more serious for 11 days. The activity of NAD kinase at 6℃ was higher than that at 22℃ during storage. Higher relative conductivity, MDA content and PPO activity were observed at 6℃ than those at 22℃ and reached peak on the 11th day. However, the PAL activity at 6℃ was lower than that at 22℃ during storage. Pretreatment with CaCl2 could enhance the activity of NAD kinase and increase chilling injury of banana fruits at 6℃, but pretreatment with Vp had reverse effect. The results suggested that the chilling injury of postharvest banana fruits was highly related to the change of NADK activity.
  
  

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• Cloning and Characterization of a β-1, 4-endoglucanase Gene from Burrowing Nematode Radopholus similes
• XIAO Luo;CHEN Guo-hua;DAI Liang-ying;LV Chun-hua;YANG Yu-hong;and XIE Bing-yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1431-1440.
• Abstract ( 2180 ) HTML ( 1459 ) PDF (2036KB) ( 1459 ) 　　　

• Proteinaceous secretions from the oesophageal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes have crucial roles in nematode parasitism of plants, of which cellulases are among the best characterized. The full length cDNA sequence of a novel β-1, 4-endoglucanase gene from Radopholus similis was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE, named RS-eng-1 (GenBank: EU414839). It consisted of 1 630 bp in length, with a 1 404 bp ORF encoding a 467 amino acid protein. The putative protein, with the-oretical molecular weight 48.22 kD and pI 6.04, was classified as a member of glycosyl hydrolase family 5. Sequence analysis showed that it had a 22 amino acid signal sequence at N terminal and a bacterial type cellulose-binding domain Ⅱ at C terminal. Southern blot analysis showed that there were multiple copies of RS-eng-1 within Radopholus similis genome. In situ hybridization showed RS-eng-1 was expressed in Radopholus similis' esophageal gland cells. Genomic analysis demon-strated that Rs-eng-1 contained six introns demarcated by 5'-GT...AG-3' in the slpice sites and phylogenic analysis suggested that RS-eng-1 had a strong homology to β-1, 4-endoglucanase genes from Bacillus subtilis and Erwina carotovora, which may be indicative of an ancient horizontal gene transfer.
  

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蔬菜

• Inheritance of Parthenocarpy in Gynoecious Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)
• YAN Li-ying;LOU Li-na;LOU Qun-feng;and CHEN Jin-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1441-1446.
• Abstract ( 3416 ) HTML ( 1806 ) PDF (201KB) ( 1806 ) 　　　

• Using the model of the major gene plus polygene of quantitative traits, a joint analysis of multi-generations from crossing a highly parthenocarpic gynoecious lines‘6401’with two non-parthenocarpic inbred lines‘6429’and‘6426’was carried out to investigate the inheritance of the parthenocarpy in cucumber. Results showed that the inheritance of parthenocarpy in gynoecious cucumbers with different genetic backgrounds was fitted into the same genetic model. Inheritance of parthenocarpy is expressed as incompletely recessive, fit the E-1-1 model, and controlled by two additive-dominant-epistatic major genes and additive-dominant polygenes. Dominant effect of the first major gene and dominant × dominant interaction between the two major genes as well as polygene effects were higher in those two cross combinations. The heritabilities of B₁、B₂、F₂ from cross ‘6401×6429’were 51.36%, 72.31% and 76.78% , respectively, while the heritabilities of B₁、B₂、F₂ from ‘6401×6426’were 20.50%, 75.39% and 74.58% respectively. These results indicated that breeding of gynoecious cucumber with highly parthenocarpy should choose parents that both are highly parthenocarpy.
  

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• Simple Sequence Repeat（SSR）as Anchor Markers in Constructing a Molecular Genetic Map of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis)
• YU Ren-bo;YU Shuan-cang;QI Jia-ni;ZHANG Feng-lan;YU Yang-jun;ZHAO Xiu-yun;and ZHANG De-shuang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1447-1454.
• Abstract ( 2318 ) HTML ( 1897 ) PDF (745KB) ( 1897 ) 　　　
• In this paper, a DH population including 100 lines was used to construct a detailed genetic map to establish the identity of linkage groups corresponding to reference map of Brassica A genome. A set of SSR and STS markers provided anchors to previously published linkage maps for B. rapa and B. napus, and was used to designate linkage groups. Out of 230 SSR markers and 8 STS markers, 67 markers showed polymorphism between 2 parents and were analyzed in DH population. In addition, 448 previously mapped molecular markers，including 263 AFLP markers, 150 RAPD markers, 17 SSR markers, 3 SCAR markers, 14 isozyme markers and a morphological marker were integrated to a genetic map. This map contains 497 loci, and covered 1 086.7 cM with an average distance 2.19 cM. In this map, 36 markers previously published in reference map, including 34 SSR markers and 2 STS markers, were distributed in 10 linkage groups. Accordingly, these linkage groups were named following the A1~A10 of reference map, and were assigned to corresponding chromosomes.
  
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• Analysis of Tuber Characters Impact on Potato Tuber Bruises
• ZHANG Jian-hua;JIN Li-ping;XIE Kai-yun;PANG Wan-fu;BIAN Chun-song;DUAN Shao-guang;and QU Dong-yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1455-1460.
• Abstract ( 1869 ) HTML ( 1506 ) PDF (283KB) ( 1506 ) 　　　
• The tuber bruises can be alleviated by breeding new cultivar, improved agronomy and enhanced germplasm based on understanding the key factors affecting bruises. In this research, the cultivars (clones) with prominent difference in bruises, Desiree, Russet Burbank, Chunshu No.4, 9637-83 and TD38-2 were chosen as experimental materials. Data were taken for skinning(SK), internal bruise(IB), and browning(BR), as well as for 17 tuber indexes. Correlation analysis was made, and then partial least-squares regression(PLSR) regression model was established after PLSR analysis. Based on the model, tuber indexes measured had similar impact on both skin bruise and internal damage, but not for discoloration. However, Ca²⁺, Tyr and Chloregenic acid had remarkable effects on all bruise variables, positively or negatively. It was shown that this model in the research had more advantages, such as stronger integrity, reasonable conclusion, easily explainable regressive parameter, so that it can be uesd in scientific reaearch and production reliably.
  
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• Screening and Evaluation of Eggplant Rootstock for Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita
• XU Xiao-ming;XU Kun;YU Qin;and ZHANG Xiao-yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1461-1466.
• Abstract ( 2270 ) HTML ( 1335 ) PDF (406KB) ( 1335 ) 　　　
• In order to define the screening method and the resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, the relative growth indexes and relevant resistant indexes of 11 eggplant rootstock seedlings which were planted in pots and inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita were measured in the experiment, and the clustering analysis and subordinate function analysis with different indexes were conducted. The results showed that the different relative growth indexes of different organs, different resistant indexes of eggplant rootstock seedlings and their coefficient variances resulted from the infection of Meloidogyne incognita were different. The result of clustering analysis with gall index which coefficient variance was higher was quite same to that with four resistant indexes, but there was a little difference with that of clustering analysis with five relative growth indexes and relative root fresh weight. According to comprehensive screening and evaluation, the eggplant rootstocks in the experiment could be clustered 4 groups, i.e. high resistance, endurance, moderate susceptibility and high susceptibility. The sequence of resistance (or tolerance) from strong to weak successively was: Solanum torvum, Tuotuosijia, Shengtuosi, Solanum surattense, Beinongqiezhen, Solanum daidaro, Solanum sisybriiflium, Solanum integriflium, Taibyo VF, Solanum muricatum,Qiongyeqie.
  
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• Isolation of WRKY Genes in the Incompatible Interaction Between Meloidogyne incognita and Capsicum annuum
• LI Shu-min;MAO Zhen-chuan;LI Lei;FENG Dong-xin;YANG Yu-hong;and XIE Bing-yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1467-1472.
• Abstract ( 2109 ) HTML ( 1482 ) PDF (611KB) ( 1482 ) 　　　

• Pepper cultivar HDA149 (Capsicum annuum L.) is resistant to Meloidogyne incognita, which is controlled by a single dominant gene Me3. To determine the type of WRKY genes and their expression characteristics during the incompatible interaction between HDA149 and Meloidogyne incognita, homology-based cloning and RT-PCR approaches were used in this study. Four new hot pepper WRKY genes were isolated from HDA149 after challenging inoculation with J2 root-knot nematode and the complete cDNAs of six WRKY genes i.e. WRKY-a, WRKY-b, WRKY-c, CaWRKY1, WRKY1 and CaWRKY2 were amplified. It was shown that the expression of WRKY-a and CaWRKY2 was induced by root-knot nematode. The CaWRKY1 gene expressed differently in various tissues of the plant, e.g. it expressed in roots and leaves but not in stems. Cluster analysis indicated WRKY-a, WRKY-c and CaWRKY2 proteins were clustered into the groupⅠ of WRKY protein, WRKY-b and CaWRKY1 proteins were classified as subgroup Ⅱc, whereas WRKY1 protein in subgroup Ⅱa. WRKY genes regulate HDA149 resistance to root knot nematode together.
  
  

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• Pollen Germination Characteristic and Stigma Receptivity of Pugionium cornutum
• HUANG Xiu-mei;HAO Li-zhen;HU Ning-bao;ZHAO Qing-yan;ZHANG Jin-wen;WANG Liu-ying;and TIAN Zhi-lai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1473-1478.
• Abstract ( 2050 ) HTML ( 1586 ) PDF (593KB) ( 1586 ) 　　　
• Pollen germination characteristic of Pugionium cornutum (L.)Gaerner was evaluated by germination method on culture medium, its stigma receptivity was estimated by the hand cross-pollination and benzidine-H₂O₂ method. The results showed the optimal pollen germination of P.cornutum was on the culture medium added 20% sucrose and 0.001% boric acid. The effective temperature of pollen germination was from 15 ℃ to 38 ℃ and the optimal temperature was 25 ℃. The pollen germination rate was very higher from the biggest bud stage to 16 h after blooming, and the pollen viability was disappeared 48 h after blooming. The suitable condition of storing pollen was low temperature（4 ℃）, and storing period was 7 d. The stigma of P.cornutum had receptivity from 48 h before blooming to 96 h after blooming，the strong receptivity in 24—72 h after blooming.
  
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• The Response of Zizania latifolia to Lead Stress in Different Cultural Media
• HUANG Kai-feng;JIANG Jie-zeng;YANG Kai;BIAN Xiao-dong;WANG Dong-lin;and CAO Bei-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1479-1483.
• Abstract ( 1925 ) HTML ( 1458 ) PDF (295KB) ( 1458 ) 　　　
• To study the response of Zizania latifolia to Pb2+ stress in different cultural medium, a single-harvested cultivar Jiangshu and a double-harvested cultivar Fenghongzao of Zizania latifolia were cultured in reed sediment substrate and soil with different Pb²⁺ concentrations. The changes of some morphological, physiological and biochemical indexes of the Zizania plant and the Pb²⁺ residues in Zizania galls were investigated. The results showed that contents of soluble protein, protective enzyme activities, area and chlorophyll content of functional leaves and net photosynthetic rate ascended under low concentration of Pb²⁺ treatment and descended along with the increase of Pb²⁺ concentrations, while the content of proline ascended all along. Contents of soluble protein and proline were lower but the functional leaf area was higher observably in leaves of plants grown in reed sediment substrate than those in soil in the same concentration of Pb²⁺ stress. The Pb²⁺ residues in Zizania galls were lower than in products of other vegetable. Reed sediment substrate treatments reduced the Pb2+ residues in Zizania galls significantly, comparing with soil treatments. It is implied that the Zizania galls were more secure when cultured in reed sediment substrate.
  
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观赏植物

• Histochemistry Study on Callus of Leaf and Reproduction Block Mass of Aerial Root in Anthurium andraeanum
• ChEN ChAO;WANG Gui-lan;and DI Zhi-yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1484-1490.
• Abstract ( 2092 ) HTML ( 1778 ) PDF (1228KB) ( 1778 ) 　　　

• Four kinds of callus from leaf and reproduction block mass(RBM) of aerial root in Anthurium andraeanum 'Arizona' were studied by slicing up and histochemistry coloration.The results showed that the saccharide was mainly grain-like in the callus and RBM.Protein was mainly in or around the nuclei. Saccharide was obviously surrounding the nuclei. In kelly callus from the outer layer of cells to the inner layer of cells saccharide and protein decreased as a visible grads, and in dark green callus the grads was unconspicuous. The saccharidein in the golden callus was very little without a grads. The saccharide distributed disperedly in the brown callus. There was a unconspicuous protein grads from the outer layer of cells to the inner layer of cells in the gold callus. However, there wasn't protein grads in the brown callus. There was also a visible grads of saccharide and protein when the RBM occurred，in the expending period of RBM there was not the grad. In the diffeneration stage of RBM the saccharide surrounded the dense small cell groups and the primary vascular tissue.The protein mainly concentrated in the nuclei of the cell groups. There were special cells in all classes of callus and RBM. The content and the grads of the saccharide was the important immanent condition for the diffenertiation of callus and RBM. The content of the protein and the integrality of the nuclei was very important for the diffenertiation of callus and RBM.
  

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• Protoplast Isolation and Plant Regeneration from Somatic Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures in Rosa multiflora
• CHEN Ying;LIANG Jian-li;CHEN Xiao-li;GUO Yan-chao;TIAN Chuan-wei;and ZHAO Liang-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1491-1496.
• Abstract ( 2340 ) HTML ( 1417 ) PDF (365KB) ( 1417 ) 　　　
• Protoplasts were successfully isolated from somatic embryogenic cell suspension induced by pseudobulbils, shoots regeneration were achieved. Enzyme sort and concentration, treatment time and the culture time of cell suspensions had influence on protoplasts isolation. Enzyme solution contained 2.0% cellulase, 0.5% macerozyme, 5.0 mmol·L^-1 MES, 0.5 mol·L^-1mannitol, 0.5% CaCl2·2H2O. Optimum enzyme treatment time was 10 hours and cell suspensions subcultured for 3 days were adopted. The yield and viability were 26.67×10⁶ g-1 and 92.21%. Protoplasts were cultured on shallow liquid layers, where inositol was better than sucrose for promoting cells division and growth. Calli induced and proliferation medium was 1/2MS + 2, 4-D1.0 mg·L^-1 + EBR0.2 mg·L^-1 + 10 g·L-1 Ficoll + 500 mg·L-1 glutamine + 20 mg·L-1 glycine + 20 mg·L-1 aspartic acid. Differentiation medium was 1/2MS + 10 mg·L^-1 TDZ + 500 mg·L^-1 glutamine + 20mg·L^-1 glycine + 20 mg·L^-1 aspartic acid. Shoots regenerated on 1/2MS medium.
  
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• Dormancy Causes of the Seeds of Four Species of Wild Apogons iris in China
• LU Tan-tan;ZHANG Jin-zheng;SUN Guo-feng;LI Xiao-dong;JIANG Chuang-dao;and YU Xue-bin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1497-1504.
• Abstract ( 2716 ) HTML ( 1922 ) PDF (559KB) ( 1922 ) 　　　
• The seeds of Iris ensata, Iris setosa, Iris chrysographes and Iris bulleyana, the four species of Apogon iris are all dormant. The failure in germination of the seeds were studied by embryos in vitro culture, endosperm scarification treatments, seed coat removal and measuring the force need to pierce the structure in the micropylar end with Instron 5848 MicroTester. The results indicated that embryo was not responsible for dormancy and seed coat had something to do with it, while the mechanical resistance acted on embryo which came from endosperm at the micropylar end was the most important limiting factor to germination. We presumed that the endosperm of the four species of iris seeds may contain the germination inhibitors, which affected the stocking percentage significantly.
  
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• Seed Dormancy Characteristics of Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn
• HE Zhi;TANG Yu-dan;SHI Lei;and YAO Juan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1505-1510.
• Abstract ( 2502 ) HTML ( 1848 ) PDF (619KB) ( 1848 ) 　　　
• Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn , an endangered plant endemic to China ,is listed in China Rare and Endangered plant list. We studied morphology characters of seeds by scanning electron microscope and paraffin slice, measured seeds absorbing water, detected biotic of methanol extract of pericarp and endosperm, analysied the effect of sulphuric acid, GA₃ and cold stratification treatment on breaking seed dormancy. The result showed: a) The hard pericarp is the main reason for Kolkwitzia amabilis' mechanical dormancy. b) Germination inhibitor exist in endosperm may the cause of physiology dormancy, stratification or GA3 treatment can break the seed dormancy effectively. c) The best way to break seed dormancy is that treat the seed by sulphuric acid for fifteen minutes, then soaking in 400 mg·L-1 GA₃ solution; or stratificating in 4 ℃ about 30 days.

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研究简报

• Genetic Diversity of Longan in Guangxi Assessed by AFLP Markers
• PENG Hong-xiang;LI Dong-bo;ZHU Jian-hua;LI Jiang-zhou;CAO Hui-qing;and PAN Li-mei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1511-1516.
• Abstract ( 1686 ) HTML ( 1316 ) PDF (294KB) ( 1316 ) 　　　

• To determine the genetic diversity of longan（Dimocarpus longan Lour.） varieties in Guangxi, we employed 10 pairs of AFLP primer combinations on 38 varieties and 2 subspecific varieties〔Dimocarpus confinis (How et Ho) H. S. Do〕 in Guangxi, and 10 varieties in other regions and countries. A total of 570 major AFLP bands were observed, and among them 485 bands (85.1%) were polymorphism. All of the cultivars could be divided with the markers used in this study. Genetic similarities among all taxa ranged from 0.39 (between the two subspecies) to 0.98. Phenetic trees based on genetic similarities (UPGMA, N-J) were similar to known taxonomic relationships. The results showed that the genetic diversity of longan is very high in Guangxi.
  

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• Regeneration of Autotetraploid Broccoli in Vitro Culture and Identification of the Ploidy
• ZHANG Li-li;ZHANG Shu-ning;ZHANG Hong-mei;and HOU Xi-lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1517-1520.
• Abstract ( 1714 ) HTML ( 1390 ) PDF (411KB) ( 1390 ) 　　　
• The frequency of shoot regeneration in autotetraploid broccoli was studied. Cotyledons with petiole as explants were cultured on MS media with different combinations of growth regulator. The effects of growth regulator combinations on induction of shoots were evaluated. The optimal media for inducting shoots were MS media containing 0.8% agar and 3% sucrose supplemented with 3.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA, 0.05 mg·L^-1 NAA. The shoot induction percentage was 63.3%. Then each shoot was transplanted on the MS medium containing 0.04 mg·L^-1 NAA and 4.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA proliferating about 6 times. The use of 0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA in the rooting medium increased the number of healthy roots per rooted plant (root ratio was 100%). In this study, we established high-efficient shoot regeneration system of autotetraploid broccoli and analyzed the ploidy stability of regenerates using flow cytometry. The result showed that the tetraploid relative DNA content was about two times of control. The identified result of flow cytometry according to the chromosome analysis implied the regeneration plantlets keep the original ploidy.
  
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• Gansu Nematode Trophic Group Structure in the Rhizosphere of Flowers
• LIU Qi-zhi;WANG Jian-kui;WEN Chao-Hui;BIAN Yong;and YUN Hui-Ling
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1521-1526.
• Abstract ( 2269 ) HTML ( 1551 ) PDF (279KB) ( 1551 ) 　　　
• During 2006-2007, nematode surveys from the regions of Jiuquan, Dingxi to Tianshui of Gansu province in the rhizosphere of 56 species of flowers, such as tropaeolum, gladiolus, maidenhair, marigold, calliopsis, dahlia, were carried out in 9 flower bases of seed propagation, demonstration and production. The 111076 nematode individuls were classified into 43 genera and 4 trophic groups. Among them, 32 genera of nematodes belong to beneficial un-plant parasitic (bacterivorous, fungivorous, omnivorous/predatory) nematodes and 11 genera of nematodes belong to baneful phytophagous nematodes which accounted for 1/4 of nematode collectivity, especially the nematodes in the genus of Tylenchus and Filenchus, involved 51 (91%) and 42 (75%) species of flowers, repectively. The data provided in this study was expected to help nematode potential risk analysis and to help trade negotiation and determination if there are some dissension caused by nematodes.
  
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• Molecular Cloning and Expression of Sesquiterpenoid Synthase Gene in Hedychium coronarium Koenig
• LI Rui-hong;FAN Yan-ping;YU Rang-cai;LU Wang-jin;and ZHUANG Chu-xiong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1527-1532.
• Abstract ( 2187 ) HTML ( 1909 ) PDF (1344KB) ( 1909 ) 　　　
• A TPS gene named as Hc-Sesqui was isolated from H.coronarium leaf. The complete sequence of the cDNA gene was 1 932 bp, with an ORF encoding 551 amino acids. The amino acids sequence shared highly homology to other sesquiterpenoid synthase, containing conserved boxes of: TPS DDXXD. The phylogenetic analysis after Clustal.X alignment suggested that the Hc-Sesqui belonged to Tps-a. Northern blot revealed that the Hc-Sesqui gene was expressed in leaf, stem and sepal.
  
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新技术与方法

• A Modified Method of Amplifying the 5′-end cDNA Sequence
• XIA Rui;LU Wang-jin;and LI Jian-guo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1533-1538.
• Abstract ( 2140 ) HTML ( 2514 ) PDF (769KB) ( 2514 ) 　　　

• In order to obtain the full-length sequence of genes more efficiently, a modified method of amplifying the 5′ cDNA sequence, named as modified TDT tailing amplified method, was designed in this experiment. Many strategies are used in this method including TdT tailing, anchored PCR, nested PCR, touchdown PCR. Compared with a regular method using a kit (5′-Full RACE Core Set, TaKaRa), the modified method has many advantages, such as simple principle, easy operability, high amplified specificity, and reliable results. Moreover, it costs less money and time. Therefore, it is worth popularizing in ordinary laboratories.
  

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综述

• Progress on Physiological Effect of NO on Delaying Maturation and Senescence of Horticultural Products
• Zhu Li-qin;Zhu Shu-hua;Zhou Jie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1539-1544.
• Abstract ( 2085 ) HTML ( 2130 ) PDF (217KB) ( 2130 ) 　　　

• The effects of NO on the maturation and senescence of horticultural products were reviewed from the four aspects including the effects of NO on product quality, ethylene production, respiration and cold disorders. The physiological foundation and application prospects of NO on delaying maturation and senescence of horticultural products were also discussed.
  

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动态与信息

• International Potato and Tomato Genome Sequencing Projects and Their Current Status in China
• HE Jun;ZHANG Zhong-hua;LI Ying;DU Yong-chen;and HUANG San-wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1545-1549.
• Abstract ( 2342 ) HTML ( 2366 ) PDF (247KB) ( 2366 ) 　　　
• Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato ( Solanum tuberosum) are important crops of the botanical family Solanaceae. They are being sequenced by two international genome sequencing projects respectively, the international Solanaceae Genome Project (SOL) and the Potato Genome The international Solanaceae Genome Project(SOL) aims to obtain the sequence of complete 220 Mb euchromatin portion of tomato genome, expecting that portion containing the majority of genes, while PGSC aims at generating a draft sequence of the 840 Mb of potato genome. China participates both of the tomato and potato genome projects taking responsibility of Chromosome III, XI of tomato and Chromosome X, XI of potato. Based on the discovery of highly degree of similarity of tomato and potato genomes, comparative sequencing plays an important role when we work on the chromosome XI of tomato and potato simultaneously.
  
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新品种

• A New Walnut Cultivar ‘Yuan Lin’
• HOU Li-qun;WANG Jun-yi;ZHAO Deng-chao;WANG Kaifang;CUI Shu-ying;and GAO Shang-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1550-1550.
• Abstract ( 3535 ) HTML ( 1213 ) PDF (124KB) ( 1213 ) 　　　
• ‘Yuan lin’ is a new walnut cultivar derived from the cross ‘Yuanfeng’בChandler’. The average fruit weight is 16.84. The kernel rate is 55.42%, the total total fat content is 63.6%, and total protein content is 18.25%. The early-maturing cultivar has high yield and strong fruiting ability. It can avoid the damage of late frost.
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• A New Red Pear Cultivar ‘Hongsucui’
• WEI Wen-dong;TIAN Peng;and SU Yan-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1551-1551.
• Abstract ( 2076 ) HTML ( 1076 ) PDF (423KB) ( 1076 ) 　　　
• ‘Hongsucui’ is a new pear cultivar which derived from the cross‘Huobali’ בKosui’. Fruits mature in the middle of September in Zhengzhou. The fruit is red skin, large size, weighing around 260 g.The flesh is fine,juicy and crisp with little stone cell. The soluble solids content is 13.5-14.5%,the total sugar content is 8.48% , the titratable acid content is 0.39% and the vitamin C content is 0.07 mg·g^-1 . It bears early, has high and stable yield, resistance to adverse condition,diseases and pests
  
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• A New Early-ripening Table Grape Cultivar ‘Jingcui’
• FAN Pei-ge;YANG Mei-rong;WANG Li-jun;LI Sheng-chen;WU Ben-hong;LI Lian-sheng;and LI Shao-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1552-1552.
• Abstract ( 1948 ) HTML ( 1511 ) PDF (228KB) ( 1511 ) 　　　
• ‘Jingcui’is an early- ripening table cultivar derived from ‘Jingxiu’× ‘Xiangfei’. Berries mature during the end of July in Beijing. The fruit cluster is conical and medium-dense, weighing 447.4 g on average with uniformly sized berries. The average mass of a single berry is 7.0 g. The berry is elliptic and yellow-green and difficult to detach from pedicel. The flesh is firm and slightly juicy with 16.0 %-18.2 % soluble solid content and 0.34 % titratable acid content. It has high yield and resistance to diseases.
  
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• A New Bud Mutation Plum Cultivar ‘Longyuan Taoli’
• MU Yun-hui;ZHEN Can-fu;ZHOU Ye;and LIU Tong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1553-1553.
• Abstract ( 1995 ) HTML ( 1289 ) PDF (94KB) ( 1289 ) 　　　
• ‘Longyuan Taoli’is a new plum cultivar which selected by the bud mutation of branch of 'Longyuan Mili'. It has characteristics of cold-resistance, high yield, late ripening, high quality and good store-ability. The shape of fruit looks like a peach. The average single fruit mass is 48.5 g, and the biggest one is 62.0 g. The flesh is orange, tough, free-stone and medium juicy. The flavor is sweet-acid with soluble solid content of 12.6%.It ripens on September 5th in Harbin.
  
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• Tetraploid and High-quality Kiwifruit Cultivar 'Wuzhi 3'
• HUANG Hong-wen;JIANG Zheng-wang;ZHONG Cai-hong;ZHANG Zhong-hui;WANG Sheng-mei;and HUANG Ren-huang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1554-1554.
• Abstract ( 2117 ) HTML ( 1364 ) PDF (94KB) ( 1364 ) 　　　

• The tetraploid cultivar ‘Wuzhi 3’was selected from natural population of Actinidia chinensis at high altitude in Jiangxi province, and its super characteristics shown as: High vitamin C content of 2.75-3.00 mg·g^-1 fresh weight, and with soluble solid concentration of 15.2%, total sugar 11.2%, and flesh firmness of 17.7 kg·cm^-2. The quality and flavor are highly accepted, and with high and stable yield up to 33 t·hm^-2 and the vines are resistant to various stresses.
  

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• A New Big fruit Actinidia eriantha Benth Cultivar ‘White’
• XIE Ming;WU Yan-jun;JIANG Gui-Hua;ZHANG Qing-Chao;ZHANG Hui-qing;PENG Shang-jing;and Liu Kang-Meng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1555-1555.
• Abstract ( 2487 ) HTML ( 1692 ) PDF (425KB) ( 1692 ) 　　　
• ‘White’ is a new cultivar which was selected from wild Actinidia eriantha Benth. in Zhejiang. Its average fruit mass is 82－94 g which equal to 2-4 times of the wild fruit. The biggest one can reach 132.2g . The soluble solids concentration is 14.7%, total sugar is 9.00%, total acid is 1.24%, vitamin C is 6.28 mg·g^-1.
  
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• A New Chinese Cabbage Hybrid ‘Xinlǜ 70’
• WU Dong-tang;WANG Xiu-ying;LI Gai-zhen;ZHAO Jun-liang;and ZHAO Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1556-1556.
• Abstract ( 2087 ) HTML ( 1028 ) PDF (72KB) ( 1028 ) 　　　
• 'Xinlǜ 70' is a new mid-early-maturing hybrid. It was deriveed by crossing two exellent self-incompatibility lines. The fertility cycle of this variety is 70 d. It is vertical cylinder-type and loose in the central leaves but a little bit overlap in outer ones. It is resistant to virus, downy mildew and black rot diseases. It has also good commodity character and suitability. It tastes nice and is suitable to sow in autumn in Chinese cabbage zones of China.
  
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• A New Small Cucumber Cultivar for Pickling ‘Dongnong 805’
• QIN Zhi-wei;ZHOU Xiu-yan;ZHANG Yan-ju;and WANG Xin-guo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1557-1557.
• Abstract ( 1769 ) HTML ( 1111 ) PDF (74KB) ( 1111 ) 　　　
• ‘Dongnong 805’ is a small size of cucumber which is hybrid suitable for pickling. It grows vigorously and stresses on a female line. The first female flower is growing on the forth and fifth node and the fruits are produced mainly on the stem. It takes 10 days from flowering to first harvesting. The fruit is 8-9 cm in length and 2.0-2.5 cm in diameter with a few white prickles. The mass of a single fruit is 35-40 g. The content of Vitamin C is 0.13 mg·g^-1and the soluble solids are 5.23 mg·g^-1. The yield is 74-76 t·hm^-2. It also be resistant to angular leaf spot, fusarium wilt, downy, and powdery mildew.
  
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• A New Special Capsicum Hybrid for Chilli Sauce‘Rela 2’
• CAO Zhen-mu;LIU Wei-xia;DANG Xuan-min;and LIAO Yi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2008, 35(10): 1558-1558.
• Abstract ( 1928 ) HTML ( 1148 ) PDF (74KB) ( 1148 ) 　　　
• ‘Rela 2’is a new special pepper cultivar for chilli sauce. It belong to Capsicum Chinense Jacquin. It takes about 142 days from sowing to harvest. The plant span is 130 cm×90 cm. Normally there are 1-3 fruits on each node of the branch, and 4-6 fruits in few of nodes. Maximum amount of fruit set is about 130 per plant. The yield is about 45 000 kg·hm^-2. The pungency degree index is 174212 SHU.
  
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