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2011, Vol.38, No.10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Fruit Trees

  • Carbon Catabolic Characteristics About the Soil Dominant Bacteria from ‘Hanfu’Apple Orchard with Herbage-mulching Management
  • LIU Ling-zhi;Lü De-guo;QIN Si-jun;MA Huai-yu;DU Guo-dong;and LIU Guo-cheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1837-1846.
  • Abstract ( 1744 ) HTML ( 1436 ) PDF (321KB) ( 1436 )    
  • In order to explore the effects of land management on the carbon catabolic characteristics of soil microorganisms,the carbon catabolic characters and community structure of soil bacteria in different periods about‘Hanfu’apple orchard with the herbage-mulching management was investigated in this study. The results showed that the amount and ability for soil bacteria to use carbon sources in June and July were significantly higher than that in April,May,August and September. Compared to clean tillage treatment,the herbage-mulching treatment decreased 1 strain of dominant bacteria in April,increased 1 strain in September,and showed no differences from May to August. In general,dominan tbacterial strains isolated from the herbage-mulching treatment obviously enhanced the ability to utilize carbohydrates(such as sucrose,glucose and starch),ethonhol inols(such as sorbitol and inositol),and amino acids(such as aspartic acid and leucine) in the different periods except for April. The analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that 53.8% of the dominant bacteria belonged to Bacillus,which existed in most of the tested soils. Alcaligenes,Pseudomonas and Firmicutes would also become the dominant genera in different tested soils because of the influences of different seasons and different management measures. Compared to the soil sampled in April,May,August and September,in the soil sampled in June and July two dominant genera including Alcaligenes and Firmicutes were increased;And compared to the clean tillage,the herbage-mulching treatment increased Firmicutes and some uncultured soil bacteria in July.
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  • Changes in Albedo Microstructures and Macroelement Content in Peels of Peel Pitting‘Navel’Oranges
  • MA Xiao-huan;PENG Liang-zhi;CHUN Chang-pin;LING Li-li;CAO Li;JIANG Cai-lun;XIE Fa;ZHANG Wen-wen;GU Zu-liang;and TANG Huan-qing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1857-1864.
  • Abstract ( 2023 ) HTML ( 1627 ) PDF (520KB) ( 1627 )    
  • Fruits and leaves of Newhall navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck‘Newhall’)and Cara Cara navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck‘Cara Cara’)on trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.] rootstocks from both normal and peel pitting orchards were used to study comparatively the fruit peel thickness,peel albedo microstructures,leaf and peel macroelement(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S)content in relation to peel pitting at different stages after full bloom. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between fruit peel thickness and fruit peel pitting occurrence. Peel thickness decreased from 80 d to 140 d after full bloom,and peel pitting was related to the rate of decrease in peel thickness. Crevices or small pores began appearing in peel albedo of both Newhall and Cara Cara fruits from peel-pitting orchards 80 d after full bloom and expanded to sizes visible to the naked eyes in peel cross-sections 140 d after full bloom,and peel pitting symptom could be seen on fruit surface in this stage. Torn or shrunk cells were found in side of the crevices and pores. Ca content was significantly lower in peels of pitting fruits than in those of normal fruits 80,140 and 217 days after full bloom while the content of N,P,K,Mg and S did not show significant differences. Ca content in leaves of fruit pitting trees was also significantly lower in comparison with normal trees,but S content was significantly higher in leaves from orchards with pitting fruits. Leaf N,P,K and Mg content had no obvious difference between orchards of normal and pitting fruits. It was suggested that Ca deficiency was related to fruit peel pitting.
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  • Changes on Fruit Quality Components and Antioxidant Capacity in Fruit of Greenhouse Delayed Harvest Satsuma Mandarin
  • SUN Jun;CHEN Jun-wei;SHI Xue-gen;PANG Qian;XU Hong-xia;ZHANG Lin;XU Jian-guo;and XIE Ming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1865-1872.
  • Abstract ( 1385 ) HTML ( 1098 ) PDF (245KB) ( 1098 )    
  • Changes of ratios of various parts of fruit weight to the whole fruit,peel thickness,contents of total soluble solids,sugars,titratable acid,carotenoids and flavonoids,and antioxidant capacity in developing satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu ‘Miyagawa Wase’)fruit were measured under greenhouse delayed harvest condition. The results showed the ratios of peel and segment epidermis to the whole fruit were at relatively low levels during periods of delayed cultivation;While the ratios of juice sacs to the whole fruit were at relatively high levels. The contents of sucrose,total sugar,total soluble solids,carotenoids and flavonoids increased with the delay of harvest time. The antioxidant capacity of juice sacs was higher in delayed harvest fruits than that in normal harvest fruits. However,in the later periods of delayed harvest(especially in February of next year),the ratios of segment epidermis and peel to the whole fruit turned to increase with the delay of harvest time,the ratio of juice sacs converted to decrease accordingly,peel became thicker and thicker. The contents of glucose and fructose began to decline rapidly. The contents of carotenoids and flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity also slightly decreased in the late of delayed harvest. These results suggested delayed harvest was an effective measure for improvement fruit quality of satsuma mandarin,but not later than the middle of January harvest,too late may reduce fruit quality.
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  • Comparative Analysis of Expression Changes of Ethylene Response Factor 6(ERF6)in Fingered Citron and Trifoliate Orange Under Cold Stress
  • CAO Yi-bin;SHI Rui;CHEN Wen-rong;and GUO Wei-dong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1873-1882.
  • Abstract ( 1756 ) HTML ( 1653 ) PDF (505KB) ( 1653 )    
  • Using the cDNA from the leaves of fingered citron‘Qingpi’as the template,the full cDNA of ERF(ethylene response factor)gene(1 160 bp)was cloned by reverse transcription polymerse chain reaction(RT-PCR)and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). The gene was named CmsERF6,containing an open reading frame(999 bp)and encoding a protein of 333 amino acids. The expression of ERF6 was determined by real-time quantitative PCR in the leaves of fingered citron‘Qingpi’and trifoliate orange. The results showed that ERF6 was expressed in both fingered citron‘Qingpi’and trifoliate orange,but the trend of expression was apparent difference. Especially in the trifoliate orange,the expression of ERF6 was increased by about 4 000 times than the control group. The same trend was found in changes of relative electric conductivity and gene expression of ERF6,which indicated that ERF6 may be involved in cold stress response pathway and may play an important role in cold tolerance.
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  • Cloning,Subcellular Localization and Spatiotemporal Expression of a VvGAI Gene from Grapevine‘Fujiminori’
  • YANG Guang;CAO Xue;FANG Jing-gui;SONG Chang-nian;WANG Chen;and WANG Xi-cheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1883-1892.
  • Abstract ( 1557 ) HTML ( 3152 ) PDF (427KB) ( 3152 )    
  • Full length cDNA sequence of potential GA response factor gene(VvGAI)was cloned from grapevine ‘Fujiminori’(Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca)using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). The sequence has been deposited in GenBank database with the accession number of HQ834311. Sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of this gene is 2 295 bp,containing a complete open reading frame that encodes 590 amino acids. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that this potential VvGAI shared relatively high identity with the orthologs from Populus trichocarpa(68.56%),Arabidopsis thaliana(62.79%),Oryza sativa Indica Group(54.16%). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that VvGAI was expressed ubiquitously in vegetative and reproductive organs,such as shoot,leaf,flower and fruit. However,it was expressed the highest in shoot,which suggested that VvGAI could be a gene related to the rapid growth and division. Its expression in the developing fruits from treated inflorescence with GA solution was lower than that of thecontrol,about which the highest expression level was shown in young fruits. Subcellular localization assays showed that the VvGAI protein appeared in the nucleus.
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  • Studies on Cloning and Real-time Expression of Endo-1,4-β-glucanase Gene in Persimmon Fruit
  • SONG Kang-hua;RAO Jing-ping;CHANG Xiao-xiao;and ZHU Qing-gang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1893-1900.
  • Abstract ( 1547 ) HTML ( 1679 ) PDF (565KB) ( 1679 )    
  • A full length of endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene was isolated from mature persimmon(Diospyros kaki L.‘Fuping Jianshi’)fruit by RT-PCR and RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends)method,and its mRNA expression level of different treatments(GA3,ABA,1-MCP at room temperature)on persimmon fruits were further investigated by the Real-time fluorescence qPCR. The results showed that the obtained EG gene,named DKEG1(GenBank accession number:HQ222561),was 2 011 bp in length,and encoded 545 amino acid,with CBD residue in the deduced EG protein. Real-time fluorescence qPCR(RT-qPCR)showed that the expression of DKEG1 in control fruits increased to maximum at 3 d after harvest,then decreased rapidly and rised to a second expression peak at 12 d after harvest;While in GA3 treatment,it was suppressed obviously through the whole ripening and softening progress. Though its expression level increased at 6 d after harvest,generally it’s still lower than that of control. The DKEG1 was abundantly expressed in ABA treatment from 6 to 18 days after harvest with an expression peak at 9 d after harvest,but it didn’t show an expression peak at 3 d after harvest as the control. The expression peak of DKEG1 in 1-MCP treatment was delayed 9 days than the control,and its expression were significantly inhibited at earlier stage but increased at later stage. Therefore,the expression of DKEG1 in persimmon fruits is concluded to be regulated by ethylene and the ethylene signal transduction,and then participates in the ripening and softening progress.
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Vegetables

  • New Alien Additon Lines Resistance to Black Rot Generated by Somatic Hybridization Between Cauliflower and Black Mustard
  • WANG Gui-xiang;YAN Hong;ZENG Xing-ying;SHENG Xiao-guang;TANG Yu;HAN Shuo;ZONG Mei;LU Kun;and LIU Fan;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1901-1910.
  • Abstract ( 1685 ) HTML ( 1313 ) PDF (550KB) ( 1313 )    
  • In this study,the asymmetrical somatic hybrids of cauliflower and Brassica nigra and their selfed or backcrossed progenies were analysed using morphological,cytological and molecular methods. Fifty advanced selfing or backcrossing descendants were obtained. Besides 30 lines with an intermediate morphology to that of the parents,there were 20 lines with a nuclear DNA content below 2.24 pg · cell-1 and chromosomes number less than 28 displaying the cauliflower-like morphology. Combining with successive black rot resistance assay,a set of alien additon lines were obtained,in which 12 lines with high resistance,17 lines being resistant,those accounted for 14% of the total materials tested. Three plants(PFCN29 BC3-3-5,PFCN16-1 S2BC3-107 and PFCN14-1 S1BC4-123)displayed a more cauliflower-like morphology and high resistance to Xcc strain CH15 were confirmed to have a total set of cauliflower chromosomes added with 2,7 and 8 B. nigra-derived chromosomes respectively by genomic in situ hybridization(GISH).
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  • Isolation and Expression Analysis of CsRDRs in Root-knot of Cucumis sativus
  • ZHANG Jing-mei;MAO Zhen-chuan;LIU Feng;CHEN Guo-hua;YANG Yu-hong;FENG Dong-xin;and XIE Bing-yan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1911-1920.
  • Abstract ( 1413 ) HTML ( 1500 ) PDF (560KB) ( 1500 )    
  • To indentify the RDR genes and their expression characteristics involved in the root-knot development of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),RT-PCR and qPCR approaches were used in this study. Five CsRDR genes were isolated from root-knot of cucumber via RT-PCR,including CsRDR1a,CsRDR1b,CsRDR1c,CsRDR2 and CsRDR6(GenBank No. HQ738485–HQ738489). qPCR analysis showed that the expression of five CsRDR genes were increased at different levels in different stages upon Meloidogyne incognita infection. CsRDR1a,CsRDR1b,CsRDR2 and CsRDR6 displayed a significant increase in expression at the early stage(6 hours after M. incognita infection),while the expression of CsRDR1c was enhanced at 36 hours after the inoculation. The results revealed that CsRDR genes were related to the root-knot development of Cucumis sativus,which laid a foundation for the prevention of root-knot nematode through molecular breeding technology.
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  • Mapping of QTLs for Drought Tolerance During Seedling Stage Using Introgression Line Populations in Tomato
  • LIU Lei;SONG Yan;and LI Jun-ming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1921-1928.
  • Abstract ( 1790 ) HTML ( 1806 ) PDF (316KB) ( 1806 )    
  • In this paper,two introgression line(IL)populations respectively derived from the wild species Solanum lycopersicoides LA2951 and S. pennellii LA0716 were used to map the possible loci for drought tolerance during the seedling stage. The results showed that 3 QTLs(qDT-l-3,qDT-l-6 and qDT-l-12)located on chromosome 3,6 and 12 were identified from S. lycopersicoides LA2951 introgression line population and 11 QTLs(qDT-p-1,qDT-p-2a,qDT-p-2b,qDT-p-3,qDT-p-4,qDT-p-5,qDT-p-8,qDT-p-9,qDT-p-10a,qDT-p-10b and qDT-p-12)located on chromosome 1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10 and 12 from S. pennellii LA0716 population. Based on the high density tomato linkage map,QTL located on chromosome 12 might be co-localized from the above two IL populations and QTL qDT-p-9 might be co-localized with a previously identified QTL conferring drought tolerance during seed germination from S. pimpinellifolium LA0722 on chromosome 9.
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  • ffects of Supplemental Calcium on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Watermelon Under Salt Stress
  • ZHANG Zhen-xing;SUN Jin;GUO Shi-rong;and TONG Hui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1929-1938.
  • Abstract ( 1838 ) HTML ( 1527 ) PDF (631KB) ( 1527 )    
  • The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of calcium concentration on photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,pollen germination and fruit quality of watermelon under salt stress. Mini-watermelon(Citrullus lanatus Mansfeld) cultivar‘Xiuli’was used to carry out the experiment by supplementing exogenous calcium to nutrient solution containing 100 mmol · L-1 NaCl. The results showed that the stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci),net photosynthesis rate(Pn),PSⅡphotochemical quantum yield(Fv/Fm),PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSII),relative electron transport rate(rETR),photochemical quenching(qP),non-photochemical quenching(qN)were significantly increased when calcium concentration in salty nutrient solution increased from 4 to 6 mmol · L-1 and stomatal limitation(Ls),photoinhibition(1–qP/qN)were decreased in salt-stressed seedlings. Fruit weight and the contents of ascorbic acid,soluble solids,soluble sugar,soluble protein and free amino acid in salt-stressed fruit flesh were remarkably increased by supplemental calcium from 4 to 6 mmol · L-1. However,organic acid content was decreased. The contents of Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe,Cu,and Mn were increased but Na+ was reduced in salt-stressed fruit flesh. Besides,supplemental calcium obviously promoted pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. These results indicated that supplemental calcium could effectively reduce the salt-induced stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and alleviate salt stress damage on photosynthetic apparatus. This was conducive to maintain photosynthetic performance and promote growth of salt-stressed watermelon. Meanwhile,the reproductive growth and mineral nutrition balance in fruit were improved. It could be concluded that supplemental calcium enhanced the tolerance of watermelon plants to salt stress by regulating photosynthetic and reproductive metabolisms of plants under salt stress.
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Ornamental Plants

  • Effects of Temperature and Light Treatments on PSⅡ Photochemical Activity in‘Roufurong’Tree Peony Leaves
  • CHEN Da-yin;LIU Chun-ying;YUAN Ye;and ZHENG Guo-sheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1939-1946.
  • Abstract ( 1882 ) HTML ( 1362 ) PDF (321KB) ( 1362 )    
  • In order to explore how temperature and light directly affect photosynthesis,the chlorophyll fluorescence was investigated in tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa‘Roufurong’)leaves treated with different temperatures(15,20,25,30,35 and 40 ℃)coupled with different light intensities(100,700 and 1 400 μmol · m-2 · s-1). The results indicated that with the increase of light intensity,the maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),the actual quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ(ΦPSⅡ),the efficiency of excitation capture of open PSⅡ center(Fv′/Fm′)and the photochemical quenching(qP)reduced significantly and those under 1 400 μmol · m-2 · s-1 treatment exhibited the lowest. Compared with 25 ℃,the chilling treatment(15 ℃)and the heat treatment(40 ℃)caused dramatic decrease in Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ,Fv′/Fm′ and qP. Meanwhile,with the increase of light intensity,the allocation of excited energy to PSⅠ    declined significantly,and the allocation to PSⅡ increased significantly,which caused a serious imbalance of excited energy distribution. According to the results,high temperature and strong light stress led to a tremendous increase in the non-photochemical quenching(NPQ),however,more of the excessive radiative energy absorbance was not completely dissipated. Besides this,serious imbalance of excited energy distribution was observed under high irradiance and more excitation energy was allocated to PSⅡ,which led to an increase of excitation pressure of PSⅡ(1–qP)and accelerated the damage of PSⅡ.
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  • Effects of Heat Stress on Growth and Physiology of Marigold Cultivars
  • TIAN Zhi-guo;WANG Fei;ZHANG Wen-e;and ZHAO Xiu-ming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1947-1954.
  • Abstract ( 2053 ) HTML ( 1231 ) PDF (205KB) ( 1231 )    
  • The effects of high temperature 38 ℃/21 ℃(day/night)on plant growth,leaf chlorophyll content,relative electric conductivity(REC),malon dialdehyde(MDA)content,relative water content(RWC),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)were investigated in 9 marigold cultivars. The results showed that 9 cultivar seedlings showed different degrees of damage symptom under high temperature for 4 days. MDA contents and REC increased significantly,whereas leaf chlorophyll content,RWC and APX decreased under high temperature treatment,which also increased SOD,POD and CAT activities. The path coefficient analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between REC and heat injury index,but significantly negative correlations between SOD,POD and CAT activities and heat injury index. The heat tolerance of the tested 9 cultivars decreased in the order of‘Discovery’,‘Chokdee’,‘Giant’,‘Gate Gold’,‘Great Hero’,‘Janie’,‘Durango’,‘Little Hero’and‘Bonanza’.
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Research Notes

  • Study on the Difference of Adaptability to Replant Soil in Five Apple Rootstock Seedlings
  • WANG Yuan-zheng;YIN Cheng-miao;CHEN Qiang;SHEN Xiang;JIANG Zhao-tao;and MAO Zhi-quan;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1955-1962.
  • Abstract ( 1559 ) HTML ( 1209 ) PDF (296KB) ( 1209 )    
  • Five rootstocks,i.e. Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)Roem.,M. micromalus Makino,M. hupehensis Rehd.,M. baccata(L.)Borkh. and M. micromalus were used to compare their difference in adaptability to replant soil with pot trials,with potted rootstocks in non-replant soil as control. The results indicated that the photosynthesis rate and phytochrome content in leaves of all rootstocks potted in replant soil were rather lower than the control. Among them,M. hupehensis Rehd. exhibited the lowest decrease in photosynthesis rate,chlorophyll and carotinoid contents,i.e. 7.06%,9.15% and 8.17%,respectively. In contrast,antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde(MDA)in roots of apple rootstocks in replant soil increased compared to their respective control. Among them,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)in roots of M. hupehensis Rehd. in replant soil showed the least increase,3.72%,26.60% and 23.78%,respectively,relative to the control. In addition,MDA content increased by 15.24% in replanted M. hupehensis rootstocks as well. On the contrary,MDA content in M. micromalus Makino increased up to the greatest value of 54.56%. As a result,replant made declines in biomass,plant height and ground diameter for all 5 rootstocks tested. In conclusion,on the basis of the above experimental results,M. hupehensis Rehd. showed a better tolerance to apple replant disease among all 5 rootstocks tested.
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  • Correlation Analysis of Fruit Mineral Nutrition Contents with Several Key Quality Indicators in‘Fuji’Apple
  • ZHANG Qiang;WEI Qin-ping;JIANG Rui-shan;LIU Xu-dong;LIU Hui-ping;and WANG Xiao-wei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1963-1968.
  • Abstract ( 1697 ) HTML ( 1504 ) PDF (165KB) ( 1504 )    
  • The fruit quality and mineral nutrition contents of fruit were surveyed at 34 adult‘Fuji’apple orchards in Changping District of Beijing during 2008 to 2009. The methods of canonical correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied to find out relationship of fruit mineral nutrition with several key quality indicators. The results showed that mass per fruit was influenced by P,K,Ca,B,Fe content of fruit and P > K > B > Fe > Ca,fruit mass had positive correlation with K,Ca and negative correlation with P,B,Fe content of fruit. Firmness was negative correlation with N,K and positive correlation with Ca,Fe content of fruit. The soluble solids was influenced by N,P,K,Ca,Fe content of fruit and N > P > K > Fe > Ca,and soluble solids was negative correlation with N,P and positive correlation with K,Fe content of fruit. Titratable acid was reduced by increasing P,K and Zn content of fruit.
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  • Cloning and Expression Analyzing of MdGAI Gene of Columnar Apples
  • LIANG Mei-xia;ZHU Jun;and DAI Hong-yi
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1969-1975.
  • Abstract ( 1494 ) HTML ( 1356 ) PDF (249KB) ( 1356 )    
  • The shoot tips of columnar apple‘Lujia 5’were used as experimental materials for cloning MdGAI gene encoding DELLA protein and researching its expression characterization via rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)and real time PCR methods. The full length sequence of MdGAI was 2 491 bp,encoding 635 amino acids. The nucleic acid sequence was highly homologous with those of other Malus plants. Sequence analysis of the product of the MdGAI indicated that they shared a highly conserved N terminus that contained two recognizable domains DELLA and VHYNP,and a highly conserved C terminus that contained two recognizable domains VHVID and SAW. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that MdGAI gene were always expressed in shoot apices of columnar and standard apple trees during the spring,summer and autumn growing season. In the same season,the MdGAI of columnar apples were expressed at higher level than that of standard apples. It is perhaps that the growing habit of columnar apple is related to MdGAI gene with high levels expression. The MdGAI gene were expressed in seeds,leaf buds,shoot tips,internodes,floral buds,flowers and young fruits of columnar apple ‘Lujia 5’. However,the amounts of the expression were obviously different. In the early development of young fruit,the relative expression level of MdGAI gene was up to the maximum value. This means that GAI gene may play a crucial role during the fruit developing of columnar apple.
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  • Screening Cold Hardy Genetype of Xinjiang Local Apricot Variety‘Shushanggan’in China
  • ZHOU Shu-juan;WANG Fei;TIAN Zhi-guo;Wang Pu;and ZHANG Xi-qin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1976-1982.
  • Abstract ( 1785 ) HTML ( 1174 ) PDF (312KB) ( 1174 )    
  • To determine cold tolerance of the cultivars of‘Shushanggan’apricot,six genetypes of Xinjiang local apricot variety‘Shushanggan’were selected as trial population,seven indicators of flower organs including browning rate,LT50,free proline and MDA contents,SOD,POD and CAT activities were established and investigated under artificial freezing test(0,–2,–4,–6,–8,–10 ℃),the results showed that the cold resistant genetype is S6,which gave a theoretical support for the breeding and production of‘Shushanggan’apricot in Xinjiang.
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  • egregation Type of Heterozygous Loci in F1 and Construction of Molecular Markers Linkage Map in Apricot
  • ZHANG Qiu-ping;LIU Wei-sheng;LIU Ning;ZHANG Yu-ping;LIU Shuo;WEI Xiao;and LIU You-chun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1983-1990.
  • Abstract ( 1587 ) HTML ( 1652 ) PDF (657KB) ( 1652 )    
  • Genetic linkage maps for two apricot cultivars have been constructed using simple sequence repeat(SSR)and sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP)markers in 94 F1 individuals from the cross Chuanzhihong × Golden-sun. A total of 37 SSR and 32 SRAP markers were placed into 14 linkage groups on the Chuanzhihong map,defining 1 086.6 cM of the total map-length,and the average length of group was 77.6 cM. The average distance between adjacent markers was 19.7 cM. The male parent map of Golden-sun consisted of 26 SSR and 14 SRAP markers could be assigned to 7 linkage groups,defining 756.7 cM of the total map-distance. The average distance of group was 108.1 cM,with an average interval of 22.9 cM between adjacent markers. Segregation type of heterozygous loci in F1 was discussed in constructing map of apricot.
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  • onstruction of AFLP Genetic Linkage Map and Analysis of QTLs Related to Fruit Traits in Pear
  • ZHANG Rui-ping;WU Jun;LI Xiu-gen;YANG Jian;WANG Long;WANG Su-ke;and ZHANG Shao-ling;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1991-1998.
  • Abstract ( 1611 ) HTML ( 1516 ) PDF (281KB) ( 1516 )    
  • A genetic linkage map of Pyrus(2n = 34)was constructed by 209 AFLP markers which were distributed on 17 linkage groups and spanned 1 506.3 cM in genome with an average distance of 7.21 cM between markers. The map was based on a population(n = 97)derived from a cross of ‘Bayuehong’בDangshansuli’. By using interval mapping method,the QTLs for five fruit traits of pear were detected,including 1 QTL for soluble solids content on LG1,3 QTLs for fruit weight on LG6,LG7 and LG11,1 QTL for aspect ratio on LG7,2 QTLs for fruit weight on LG6 and LG7,and 2 QTLs for fruit stalk length on LG1 and LG8. The phenotypic variations explained by each QTL ranged from 11.4% to 36.4%,and their LOD values varied from 2.50 to 4.14.
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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of Resistance Powdery Mildew Gene RmMlo in Rosa multiflora
  • QIU Xian-qin;BAO Man-zhu;ZHANG Hao;JIAN Hong-ying;WANG Qi-gang;YAN Hui-jun;ZHANG Ting;and TANG Kai-xue;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 1999-2004.
  • Abstract ( 1700 ) HTML ( 1456 ) PDF (413KB) ( 1456 )    
  • In this research,a full-length cDNA sequence of Mlo gene,named RmMlo(GenBank accession No. JF310747)was obtained from leaves of Rosa multiflora by RT-PCR and RACE. Sequence analysis indicated that RmMlo was 1 993 bp in full length containing a 5′-untranslated region(5′-UTR)of 49 bp,a 3′-UTR of 243 bp,and an opening reading frame(ORF)of 1 700 bp encoding 567 amino acids. Subsequently,amino acid sequence analysis revealed that RmMlo had two conserved MLO motifs in the protein C-terminal. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that RmMlo shared more than 90% homology with Mlo from Arabidopsis thaliana and other dicotyledon. Finally,semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that RmMlo showed the highest expression abundance in infected leaves and no expression in root,which was different from the expression pattern of AtMlo.
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  • DAS-ELISA and Electron Microscopic Diagnosis of Tospoviruses Infecting Hymenocallis littoraris and Hippeastrum vittatum in Kunming
  • FANG Qi;DONG Jia-hong;DING Ming;YIN Yue-yan;ZHANG Li-zhen;LI Ting-ting;SU Xiao-xia;LI Zhan;and ZHANG Zhong-kai;
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2005-2009.
  • Abstract ( 1728 ) HTML ( 1576 ) PDF (605KB) ( 1576 )    
  • The leaves of Hymenocallis littoraris(Jacq.)Salisb. and Hippeastrum vittatum(L’Hér.)Herb.,showing concentric chlorotic ring spot and brown lethal spot symptoms,were collected in Kunming. To confirm the presence of virus,the SGJ-KM and ZDH-KM infected leaves of H. littoraris and H. vittatum were detected by electron microscope observation and DAS-ELISA. Virions with a diameter of about 80–85 nm,similar in size to Tospovirus particles,were observed in the crude extracts and ultrathin sections of diseased leaves of H. littoraris and H. vittatum. The sap of diseased leaves had a positive reaction to the compound antibody of Watermelon silver mottle virus,WSMoV / Groundnut bud necrosis virus,GBNV. These results confirmed that H. littoraris and H. vittatum were infected by Tospoviruses.
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  • Hybridization and in Vitro Seed Germination of Cymbidium kanran
  • XU Xiao-wei;CHAI Ming-liang;YANG Yan-ping;PAN Ke-ke;ZENG Ai-ping;JIANG Nan;and WANG Li-fang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2010-2016.
  • Abstract ( 1618 ) HTML ( 1605 ) PDF (233KB) ( 1605 )    
  • The experiments were carried out for detecting fruit setting and in vitro seed germination in Cymbidium kanran. The results indicated that it was easy to cross between the lines of C. kanran,between C. kanran and C. goeringii,or C. sinense,according to the fact of 100% fruit setting. The percentage of fruit setting between C. kanran and hybrid Cymbidium depended on which species used as female parent. In the case of C. kanran as female parent,the fruit setting reached 75%,while hybrid Cymbidium as female parent the fruit setting dropped to zero. In the case of C. kanran as female parent and Phalaenopsis amabilis as male parent,no fruit was set. The fruits of C. kanran 180 to 240 d after pollination were the suitable materials for in vitro seed germination. The results also indicated that the optimum basal medium for seed in vitro germination was modified KC,the dark condition was necessary for germination,and the suitable combination of plant growth regulators for growth and differentiation of rhizomes was modified KC + 0.1 mg · L-1 6-BA + 5 mg · L-1 NAA.
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Technologies and Methods

  • Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae on Anthurium andraeanum by Nested-PCR
  • MENG He;JIN Mao-yong;XIAO Ju-qing;ZHANG Bao-zhu;MING Jun;YUAN Su-xia;LIU Chun;and ZHANG Ning
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2017-2022.
  • Abstract ( 1746 ) HTML ( 1047 ) PDF (325KB) ( 1047 )    
  • A Nested-PCR method was developed to detect the bacterial pathogens of Anthurium andraeanum by using two sets of specific primers designed according to Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae gene sequences. All samples infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae could be amplified by Nested-PCR,yielding one special band with size of 343 bp. The amplified sequences were presented in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae sequence X70380.1 in GenBank. Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae was detected by Nested-PCR from different parts of Anthurium andraeanum,and the distribution of pathogens in plants was uneven. Remarkably high amplification existed in old petioles,followed by stem-root joints,old leaves,young petioles,young leaves and spathe petiole,and the weakest amplification was in root,spathes and inflorescences.
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New Cultivars

  • A New Late-ripening Nectarine Cultivar‘Ruiguang 39’
  • GUO Ji-ying;ZHAO Jian-bo;JIANG Quan;CHEN Qing-hua;LI Xin-yue;YU Guang-shui;and REN Fei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2023-2024.
  • Abstract ( 2733 ) HTML ( 1321 ) PDF (165KB) ( 1321 )    
  • ‘Ruiguang 39’is a late-ripening nectarine [Prunus persica var. nectarina(Ait.)Maxim] cultivar derived from the cross of‘Huayu’בFlavortop’. The flower is showy with much pollen. The fruit development period is 132 days. Its average fruit weight is 202 g,and the biggest one is 284 g. The fruit is round,with red blush. The flesh is white,melting,sweet and clingstone. The soluble solids content is 13%. It has high yield.
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  • A New Early-fruiting Walnut Cultivar‘Chuanzao 1’
  • PU Guang-lan;XIAO Qian-wen;and ZHOU Lan-ying
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2025-2026.
  • Abstract ( 4273 ) HTML ( 1490 ) PDF (159KB) ( 1490 )    
  • Chuanzao 1’is a new early-fruiting walnut cultivar derived from the cross‘Yunxin 7926’בXiazao’. The nut is large and round,with the smooth surface. The shell thickness is 0.9 cm,and kernel percentage is 51.6%. The total fat content is 72.14%,and total protein content is 16.80%. The grafted seedlings could flower and fruit after planting half a year. The production of its 5-year-old crown projection area is 595 g · m-2. This early-maturing cultivar has high yield and strong fruiting ability. Meanwhile,it has good adaptability resistance to drought,wind,dust,disease and insects.
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  • A New Cucumber Cultivar‘Zaoqing 4’
  • LIN Yu-e;LIANG Zhao-jun;HUANG He-xun;GONG Hao;WANG Rui;and LUO Shao-bo
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2027-2028.
  • Abstract ( 1156 ) HTML ( 976 ) PDF (198KB) ( 976 )    
  • ‘Zaoqing 4’is a new South China female hybrid(female line‘B-36’× male line‘Ji-6’)and a strong-growth cultivar. The fruits are produced mainly on the stem. Fruits are cylindrical,smooth and 25.0 cm long. The single fruit weight is about 400 g. The skin is dark green with luster. It has good quality and resistance to storage and transportation.‘Zaoqing 4’is suitable for cultivation in Guangdong Province,South China and Southeast Asia regions.
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  • A New Dry-hot Pepper Cultivar‘Anshu Sanyingjiao’
  • WANG Guang-yin;CHANG Fa-ping;ZHANG Shen;ZHANG Xue-jiang;LI Shu-hong;and ZHAO Hui-jie
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2029-2030.
  • Abstract ( 1639 ) HTML ( 1089 ) PDF (191KB) ( 1089 )    
  • ‘Anshu Sanyingjiao’is a new mid-maturing dry-hot pepper cultivar which is bred by selfing and sisters-cross for five generation,and systematic selection. It grows vigorously and compactly. The fruit is short claw-shaped. The ripe fruit is deep red,which has very good commercial quality. Its flavor is spicy. It also has fine fruit-setting ability with 280 fruits per plant. Its fruit is 5.0–7.0 cm long and 0.8–1.0 cm wide separately. The mass of single fruit is 0.4 g. The content of capsaicin is 30.2 mg · g-1. The rate of commercial fruit is 87.5%. The drying rate is up to 70%. It is not only resistant to virus diseases,phytophthora blight and fusarrium wilt,but also resistant to lodging. The yield of dry hot pepper is 4 902.0 kg · hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in northern China like Henan and Hebei.
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  • A New Kidney Bean Cultivar‘Jinong Youdou 1’
  • HAN Yu-zhu;QIAO Hong-yu;NIE Chu-chu;and SONG Shu-yao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2031-2032.
  • Abstract ( 1228 ) HTML ( 1121 ) PDF (174KB) ( 1121 )    
  • ‘Jinong Youdou 1’is a new kidney bean conventional cultivar bred with individual selection method. It has strong growth with more branches. Pod-setting is low and the corolla is purple. The fruit is wide-knife shaped with a flat and green skin. The fruit is 13–15 cm in length,2.0–2.6 cm in width,1.3 cm in flesh thick. The fruit weight is 18–20 g. There are 6–7 seeds per fruit. The seed is oval and dark brown. 1000-grain weight is about 500 g. The fruit is good quality and no fiber. It is resistant to diseases. The yield of fresh fruit is about 2.3 t · hm-2. Total growth period is about 135 days. Appropriate cultivation area is in the Jilin Province for open field.
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  • A New Ornamental Peach Cultivar‘Hongjuhuatao’
  • WANG Li-rong;ZHU Geng-rui;FANG Wei-chao;CAO Ke;CHEN Chang-wen;LI Quan-hong;FENG Yi-bin;LIU Duan-ming;and HOU Kai
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(10): 2033-2034.
  • Abstract ( 1867 ) HTML ( 1081 ) PDF (176KB) ( 1081 )    
  • ‘Hongjuhuatao’was obtained from an open pollination of‘Juhuatao’(Prunus persica Batsch)in 2000. The seedling was produced by stratification. The flower is red and bright-colored. The petal shape is delicate,exactly like a chrysanthemum. The blossom date is later than most of the ornamental peach,as a matched cultivar to extend the sightseeing period.
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