Abstract: In order to evaluate genetic diversity and relationship of yellow flesh peach germplasm，116 yellow flesh peach varieties，as well as other 19 peach germplasms，were used as plant material. A total of 206 alleles were amplified when screened by 28 SSR primers（26 of them distributed on eight linkage groups on Prunus reference map）. Among all the alleles amplified，159 showed polymorphic with a percentage of polymorphic bands（PPB）of 76.56%. For yellow flesh peaches，two main groups were formed in dendrogram at a similarity coefficient of 0.82，when clustered by NTSYS using UPGMA method. Bred varieties from America，Europe and Asia were clustered into one group（Ⅰ），and local varieties from China were clustered into another group（Ⅱ），except‘Xi’an Xingrangtao’and‘Tianjin Huangrou’，which were clustered into bred group. When similarity coefficient was 0.87，bred varieties（Ⅰ）were divided into 8 subgroups. Bred varieties from America were distributed in all the 8 subgroups，and bred varieties from Europe were distributed in three subgroups（Ⅰ-2，Ⅰ-3，andⅠ-4），while bred varieties from Asia were only distributed in two subgroups（Ⅰ-3 andⅠ-4）. Varieties with the same parents were closely clustered，and genetic relationship of bred varieties matched well with pedigree in groupⅠ. When similarity coefficient was 0.87，Chinese local yellow peach varieties were divided into 7 subgroups. Local yellow peaches from southwest China were mainly distributed in subgroup Ⅱ-1 and Ⅱ-5，and those from northwest China were mainly distributed in subgroup Ⅱ-2，Ⅱ-4 and Ⅱ-7. For variety population genetic relationship，bred variety from America was the nearest population to that of Asia，followed by that of Europe. Chinese local yellow peach was far from bred varieties on population dendrogram.

Key words: yellow flesh peach, genetic diversity, genetic relationship, SSR