Continuous Supply of Zinc in Suitable Level Stimulates the Growth and Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen in Malus hupehensis Seedlings

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0605

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 473-481.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0605

• Research Papers • Next Articles

Continuous Supply of Zinc in Suitable Level Stimulates the Growth and Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen in Malus hupehensis Seedlings

YU Bo, QIN Sijun, LÜ Deguo^*()

College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110866,China

Received:2021-09-07 Revised:2022-01-24 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-25
Contact: LÜ Deguo E-mail:lvdeguo@syau.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Sand culture method was used with Malus hupehensis seedlings as tested materials, ¹⁵N isotope tracer was used to study the effects of deficient Zn,moderate Zn and excess Zn（0.5,4 and 16 μmol · L^-1 Zn²⁺）and five methods[keeping in deficient Zn（0.5 μmol · L^-1 Zn²⁺ for 30 d）treatment,Zn concentrations ranged from deficient to excess（0.5 μmol · L^-1 Zn²⁺ 15 d + 16 μmol · L^-1Zn²⁺ 15 d）,moderate stable Zn supply（4 μmol · L^-1 Zn²⁺for 30 d）treatment,Zn concentrations ranged from excess to deficient（16 μmol · L^-1 Zn²⁺ 15 d + 0.5 μmol · L^-1Zn²⁺ 15 d）and keeping in excess Zn（16 μmol · L^-1 Zn²⁺ 30 d）] on the growth,nitrogen absorption and utilization. The results of the two consecutive years of testing showed that at the 30th day after the treatment,the plant dry matter,total length and total surface area of root under moderate stable Zn supply treatment were the largest,and root activity was significantly higher than that under other treatments. Nitrate reductase（NR）activity was the highest in moderate stable zinc supply treatment during the whole treatment period. The results of ¹⁵N isotope tracer showed that the ¹⁵N absorption and ¹⁵N utilization under moderate stable zinc supply treatment were the highest,followed by keeping in excess Zn and Zn concentrations ranged from deficient to excess treatment,and the lowest value was founded in keeping in deficient Zn treatment. All these results indicated that insufficient and excessive zinc supply inhibited root growth and nitrogen assimilation,limited nitrogen absorption,and was not conducive to the growth and development of seedlings. Sustained and stable zinc supply can improve root activity and maintain nitrate reductase activity,so as to achieve efficient absorption and utilization of nitrogen,thus promoting the growth of apple rootstock seedlings.

Key words: apple, zinc level, change the concentration, nitrogen, absorption

CLC Number:

S661.1

YU Bo, QIN Sijun, LÜ Deguo. Continuous Supply of Zinc in Suitable Level Stimulates the Growth and Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen in Malus hupehensis Seedlings[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(3): 473-481.

Figures/Tables 5

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	Zn/（μmol · L^-1）		地上部Shoot		根系Root
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	1 ~ 15 d	16 ~ 30 d	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.5	0.5	1.55 ± 0.09 c	3.63 ± 0.29 d	0.66 ± 0.02 b	1.39 ± 0.10 c
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	0.5	16.0	1.57 ± 0.05 bc	4.43 ± 0.31 b	0.68 ± 0.01 b	1.55 ± 0.07 bc
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	4.0	4.0	2.58 ± 0.12 a	5.53 ± 0.31 a	0.96 ± 0.03 a	2.25 ± 0.23 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	16.0	0.5	1.72 ± 0.07 b	3.78 ± 0.17 cd	0.62 ± 0.01 b	1.71 ± 0.13 b
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	16.0	16.0	1.71 ± 0.05 b	4.12 ± 0.09 bc	0.63 ± 0.02 b	1.61 ± 0.06 bc
2020	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.5	0.5	1.86 ± 0.07 c	3.99 ± 0.28 d	0.73 ± 0.09 b	1.53 ± 0.09 c
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	0.5	16.0	1.89 ± 0.03 c	4.87 ± 0.39 b	0.75 ± 0.05 b	1.71 ± 0.05 bc
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	4.0	4.0	3.10 ± 0.08 a	6.08 ± 0.21 a	1.06 ± 0.12 a	2.48 ± 0.12 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	16.0	0.5	2.24 ± 0.06 b	4.16 ± 0.09 cd	0.68 ± 0.02 b	1.88 ± 0.09 b
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	16.0	16.0	2.21 ± 0.09 b	4.53 ± 0.22 bc	0.69 ± 0.06 b	1.77 ± 0.03 bc

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	Zn/（μmol · L^-1）		地上部Shoot		根系Root
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	1 ~ 15 d	16 ~ 30 d	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.5	0.5	1.55 ± 0.09 c	3.63 ± 0.29 d	0.66 ± 0.02 b	1.39 ± 0.10 c
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	0.5	16.0	1.57 ± 0.05 bc	4.43 ± 0.31 b	0.68 ± 0.01 b	1.55 ± 0.07 bc
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	4.0	4.0	2.58 ± 0.12 a	5.53 ± 0.31 a	0.96 ± 0.03 a	2.25 ± 0.23 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	16.0	0.5	1.72 ± 0.07 b	3.78 ± 0.17 cd	0.62 ± 0.01 b	1.71 ± 0.13 b
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	16.0	16.0	1.71 ± 0.05 b	4.12 ± 0.09 bc	0.63 ± 0.02 b	1.61 ± 0.06 bc
2020	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.5	0.5	1.86 ± 0.07 c	3.99 ± 0.28 d	0.73 ± 0.09 b	1.53 ± 0.09 c
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	0.5	16.0	1.89 ± 0.03 c	4.87 ± 0.39 b	0.75 ± 0.05 b	1.71 ± 0.05 bc
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	4.0	4.0	3.10 ± 0.08 a	6.08 ± 0.21 a	1.06 ± 0.12 a	2.48 ± 0.12 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	16.0	0.5	2.24 ± 0.06 b	4.16 ± 0.09 cd	0.68 ± 0.02 b	1.88 ± 0.09 b
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	16.0	16.0	2.21 ± 0.09 b	4.53 ± 0.22 bc	0.69 ± 0.06 b	1.77 ± 0.03 bc

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	长度/cm Length		总表面积/cm² Surface area		活力/（μg · h^-1· g^-1） Root activity
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌 Keeping in deficient	568.3 ± 16.7 b	651.6 ± 14.9 c	157.1 ± 9.82 b	249.1 ± 8.47 d	32.5 ± 5.1 d	40.1 ± 7.1 c
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	572.7 ± 10.3 b	693.8 ± 9.88 b	158.6 ± 6.33 b	308.2 ± 10.92 b	44.5 ± 3.2 c	64.3 ± 6.2 b
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	634.5 ± 13.2 a	846.4 ± 25.2 a	176.3 ± 10.72 a	404.2 ± 12.99 a	86.3 ± 7.2 a	91.9 ± 8.6 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	530.5 ± 9.8 c	708.1 ± 19.9 b	125.5 ± 7.50 c	301.6 ± 7.36 b	62.2 ± 4.9 b	46.3 ± 5.9 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	528.6 ± 11.1 c	663.7 ± 16.7 c	128.1 ± 5.33 c	271.7 ± 9.22 c	58.3 ± 6.8 b	60.1 ± 6.5 b
2020	持续低锌 Keeping in deficient	532.5 ± 16.1 b	619.1 ± 12.1 c	179.6 ± 16.1 b	274.1 ± 16.3 d	35.2 ± 3.1 d	49.2 ± 5.1 c
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	536.9 ± 15.3 b	659.1 ± 15.1 b	181.3 ± 11.2 b	338.8 ± 14.2 b	49.5 ± 4.9 c	74.3 ± 4.8 b
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	594.8 ± 25.2 a	804.1 ± 13.4 a	201.6 ± 13.8 a	444.6 ± 17.2 a	89.3 ± 5.8 a	98.9 ± 6.8 a
	高锌变低锌From excess to deficient	496.8 ± 19.8 c	672.7 ± 16.2 b	143.4 ± 13.7 c	331.8 ± 14.9 b	68.2 ± 4.9 b	49.3 ± 3.2 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	495.6 ± 25.1 c	630.5 ± 19.6 c	146.5 ± 10.2 c	298.9 ± 16.8 c	56.3 ± 6.1 b	59.1 ± 5.6 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	长度/cm Length		总表面积/cm² Surface area		活力/（μg · h^-1· g^-1） Root activity
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌 Keeping in deficient	568.3 ± 16.7 b	651.6 ± 14.9 c	157.1 ± 9.82 b	249.1 ± 8.47 d	32.5 ± 5.1 d	40.1 ± 7.1 c
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	572.7 ± 10.3 b	693.8 ± 9.88 b	158.6 ± 6.33 b	308.2 ± 10.92 b	44.5 ± 3.2 c	64.3 ± 6.2 b
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	634.5 ± 13.2 a	846.4 ± 25.2 a	176.3 ± 10.72 a	404.2 ± 12.99 a	86.3 ± 7.2 a	91.9 ± 8.6 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	530.5 ± 9.8 c	708.1 ± 19.9 b	125.5 ± 7.50 c	301.6 ± 7.36 b	62.2 ± 4.9 b	46.3 ± 5.9 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	528.6 ± 11.1 c	663.7 ± 16.7 c	128.1 ± 5.33 c	271.7 ± 9.22 c	58.3 ± 6.8 b	60.1 ± 6.5 b
2020	持续低锌 Keeping in deficient	532.5 ± 16.1 b	619.1 ± 12.1 c	179.6 ± 16.1 b	274.1 ± 16.3 d	35.2 ± 3.1 d	49.2 ± 5.1 c
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	536.9 ± 15.3 b	659.1 ± 15.1 b	181.3 ± 11.2 b	338.8 ± 14.2 b	49.5 ± 4.9 c	74.3 ± 4.8 b
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	594.8 ± 25.2 a	804.1 ± 13.4 a	201.6 ± 13.8 a	444.6 ± 17.2 a	89.3 ± 5.8 a	98.9 ± 6.8 a
	高锌变低锌From excess to deficient	496.8 ± 19.8 c	672.7 ± 16.2 b	143.4 ± 13.7 c	331.8 ± 14.9 b	68.2 ± 4.9 b	49.3 ± 3.2 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	495.6 ± 25.1 c	630.5 ± 19.6 c	146.5 ± 10.2 c	298.9 ± 16.8 c	56.3 ± 6.1 b	59.1 ± 5.6 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	采样时间/d Sample time
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	5	10	15	20	25	30
2019	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	42.67 ± 2.48 c	40.82 ± 2.05 c	42.81 ± 2.33 c	36.91 ± 1.75 d	34.93 ± 2.42 d	30.87 ± 2.15 d
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	40.60 ± 2.13 c	39.30 ± 1.71 c	42.59 ± 2.42 c	54.96 ± 2.29 b	55.62 ± 1.52 b	52.14 ± 0.87 b
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	54.56 ± 1.62 a	62.35 ± 2.22 a	67.38 ± 2.05 a	70.18 ± 1.51 a	66.39 ± 1.38 a	64.37 ± 1.21 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	51.94 ± 1.95 b	57.21 ± 1.97 b	59.10 ± 2.45 b	47.14 ± 2.34 c	39.75 ± 2.44 c	33.59 ± 1.36 d
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	49.34 ± 1.15 b	55.97 ± 1.72 b	61.33 ± 1.51 b	58.05 ± 2.15 b	53.63 ± 2.01 b	48.24 ± 3.13 c
2020	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	38.79 ± 2.06 c	37.11 ± 2.35 c	38.92 ± 3.08 c	33.55 ± 3.41 d	31.75 ± 2.29 d	28.06 ± 2.51 d
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	36.91 ± 2.54 c	35.73 ± 1.71 c	38.72 ± 2.66 c	49.96 ± 3.92 b	50.56 ± 1.85 b	47.40 ± 2.45 b
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	49.60 ± 2.45 a	56.68 ± 1.97 a	61.25 ± 1.84 a	63.80 ± 2.58 a	60.35 ± 2.29 a	58.52 ± 3.11 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	47.22 ± 2.67 ab	52.01 ± 1.72 b	53.73 ± 2.38 b	42.85 ± 1.69 c	36.14 ± 3.95 c	30.54 ± 3.61 d
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	44.85 ± 1.32 b	50.88 ± 2.07 b	55.57 ± 2.57 b	52.77 ± 2.51 b	48.75 ± 4.05 b	43.85 ± 2.65 c

Continuous Supply of Zinc in Suitable Level Stimulates the Growth and Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen in Malus hupehensis Seedlings

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	¹⁵N吸收量/mg ¹⁵N Absorption		¹⁵N利用率/% ¹⁵N Utilization rate
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.96 ± 0.04 c	2.18 ± 0.13 d	5.63 ± 0.24 c	6.41 ± 0.18 d
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	0.99 ± 0.03 c	2.79 ± 0.12 b	5.84 ± 0.28 c	8.22 ± 0.58 b
	适量稳定供锌Keeping in appropriate	1.64 ± 0.11 a	3.58 ± 0.18 a	9.67 ± 0.71 a	10.53 ± 0.53 a
	高锌变低锌From excess to deficient	1.23 ± 0.04 b	2.47 ± 0.11 c	7.25 ± 0.43 b	7.26 ± 0.54 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	1.29 ± 0.09 b	2.83 ± 0.11 b	7.58 ± 0.54 b	8.31 ± 0.32 b
2020	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.91 ± 0.03 c	2.12 ± 0.04 d	5.35 ± 0.14 c	6.22 ± 0.09 d
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	0.94 ± 0.02 c	2.71 ± 0.18 b	5.55 ± 0.18 c	7.97 ± 0.18 b
	适量稳定供锌Keeping in appropriate	1.56 ± 0.08 a	3.47 ± 0.09 a	9.19 ± 0.37 a	10.21 ± 0.35 a
	高锌变低锌From excess to deficient	1.17 ± 0.06 b	2.35 ± 0.04 c	6.89 ± 0.23 b	7.04 ± 0.41 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	1.23 ± 0.03 b	2.75 ± 0.06 b	7.20 ± 0.45 b	8.06 ± 0.23 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	¹⁵N吸收量/mg ¹⁵N Absorption		¹⁵N利用率/% ¹⁵N Utilization rate
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.96 ± 0.04 c	2.18 ± 0.13 d	5.63 ± 0.24 c	6.41 ± 0.18 d
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	0.99 ± 0.03 c	2.79 ± 0.12 b	5.84 ± 0.28 c	8.22 ± 0.58 b
	适量稳定供锌Keeping in appropriate	1.64 ± 0.11 a	3.58 ± 0.18 a	9.67 ± 0.71 a	10.53 ± 0.53 a
	高锌变低锌From excess to deficient	1.23 ± 0.04 b	2.47 ± 0.11 c	7.25 ± 0.43 b	7.26 ± 0.54 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	1.29 ± 0.09 b	2.83 ± 0.11 b	7.58 ± 0.54 b	8.31 ± 0.32 b
2020	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	0.91 ± 0.03 c	2.12 ± 0.04 d	5.35 ± 0.14 c	6.22 ± 0.09 d
	低锌变高锌From deficient to excess	0.94 ± 0.02 c	2.71 ± 0.18 b	5.55 ± 0.18 c	7.97 ± 0.18 b
	适量稳定供锌Keeping in appropriate	1.56 ± 0.08 a	3.47 ± 0.09 a	9.19 ± 0.37 a	10.21 ± 0.35 a
	高锌变低锌From excess to deficient	1.17 ± 0.06 b	2.35 ± 0.04 c	6.89 ± 0.23 b	7.04 ± 0.41 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	1.23 ± 0.03 b	2.75 ± 0.06 b	7.20 ± 0.45 b	8.06 ± 0.23 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	根 Root		茎 Stem		叶 Leaf
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	45.74 ± 1.51 a	31.68 ± 1.26 a	23.65 ± 1.32 b	23.76 ± 0.78 b	30.61 ± 1.68 c	44.56 ± 0.44 d
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	44.21 ± 1.68 a	24.19 ± 0.59 b	24.78 ± 1.08 ab	27.28 ± 0.93 a	31.01 ± 1.53 c	48.53 ± 0.85 c
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	27.63 ± 1.33 c	21.45 ± 1.57 c	19.71 ± 1.25 c	16.71 ± 1.31 c	52.66 ± 2.23 a	61.84 ± 3.58 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	30.12 ± 0.89 b	30.17 ± 1.33 a	23.97 ± 0.82 b	22.56 ± 0.77 b	45.91 ± 1.61 b	47.27 ± 1.17 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	29.31 ± 0.77 bc	24.39 ± 0.28 b	26.15 ± 0.83 a	22.74 ± 1.14 b	44.54 ± 1.12 b	52.87 ± 1.12 b
2020	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	41.58 ± 1.35 a	31.86 ± 1.23 a	22.52 ± 1.35 b	24.78 ± 0.87 b	35.90 ± 1.45 c	43.36 ± 0.81 d
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	40.37 ± 1.75 a	25.26 ± 1.25 b	24.67 ± 1.12 ab	27.95 ± 0.74 a	34.96 ± 1.15 c	46.79 ± 1.67 bc
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	27.15 ± 1.35 c	22.49 ± 1.37 b	19.75 ± 1.01 c	17.14 ± 0.73 c	53.10 ± 1.69 a	60.37 ± 2.04 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	32.49 ± 0.95 b	31.48 ± 1.24 a	23.5 ± 0.75 ab	25.31 ± 0.95 b	44.00 ± 1.23 b	43.21 ± 0.96 cd
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	30.13 ± 0.68 bc	26.39 ± 0.67 b	27.96 ± 0.69 a	22.85 ± 0.71 b	41.91 ± 1.57 b	50.76 ± 0.85 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	根 Root		茎 Stem		叶 Leaf
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d	16 d	30 d
2019	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	45.74 ± 1.51 a	31.68 ± 1.26 a	23.65 ± 1.32 b	23.76 ± 0.78 b	30.61 ± 1.68 c	44.56 ± 0.44 d
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	44.21 ± 1.68 a	24.19 ± 0.59 b	24.78 ± 1.08 ab	27.28 ± 0.93 a	31.01 ± 1.53 c	48.53 ± 0.85 c
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	27.63 ± 1.33 c	21.45 ± 1.57 c	19.71 ± 1.25 c	16.71 ± 1.31 c	52.66 ± 2.23 a	61.84 ± 3.58 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	30.12 ± 0.89 b	30.17 ± 1.33 a	23.97 ± 0.82 b	22.56 ± 0.77 b	45.91 ± 1.61 b	47.27 ± 1.17 c
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	29.31 ± 0.77 bc	24.39 ± 0.28 b	26.15 ± 0.83 a	22.74 ± 1.14 b	44.54 ± 1.12 b	52.87 ± 1.12 b
2020	持续低锌Keeping in deficient	41.58 ± 1.35 a	31.86 ± 1.23 a	22.52 ± 1.35 b	24.78 ± 0.87 b	35.90 ± 1.45 c	43.36 ± 0.81 d
	低锌变高锌 From deficient to excess	40.37 ± 1.75 a	25.26 ± 1.25 b	24.67 ± 1.12 ab	27.95 ± 0.74 a	34.96 ± 1.15 c	46.79 ± 1.67 bc
	适量稳定供锌 Keeping in appropriate	27.15 ± 1.35 c	22.49 ± 1.37 b	19.75 ± 1.01 c	17.14 ± 0.73 c	53.10 ± 1.69 a	60.37 ± 2.04 a
	高锌变低锌 From excess to deficient	32.49 ± 0.95 b	31.48 ± 1.24 a	23.5 ± 0.75 ab	25.31 ± 0.95 b	44.00 ± 1.23 b	43.21 ± 0.96 cd
	持续高锌Keeping in excess	30.13 ± 0.68 bc	26.39 ± 0.67 b	27.96 ± 0.69 a	22.85 ± 0.71 b	41.91 ± 1.57 b	50.76 ± 0.85 b