Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0038
• Research Papers • Next Articles
CHEN Ran1, SU Houwen1, JIANG Weitao1, LI Qianjin2, CHEN Xuesen1, SHEN Xiang1, YIN Chengmiao1, MAO Zhiquan1,*()
Received:
2021-05-18
Revised:
2021-06-23
Online:
2022-01-25
Published:
2022-01-24
Contact:
MAO Zhiquan
E-mail:mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn
CLC Number:
CHEN Ran, SU Houwen, JIANG Weitao, LI Qianjin, CHEN Xuesen, SHEN Xiang, YIN Chengmiao, MAO Zhiquan. The Growth of Apple Container Seedlings in Replanted Soil and Characteristics of Soil Environment[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(1): 1-10.
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URL: https://www.ahs.ac.cn/EN/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0038
容器苗 Container seedling | 移栽处理 Transplanting treatment | 容器规格Container size | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
高度/cm Height | 上部直径/cm The upper diameter | 底部直径/cm The bottom diameter | ||
裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 裸根Bare root | 30 | 20 | 16 |
小容器苗 Small container seedling | 带基质 With substrate | 30 | 10 | 8 |
中等容器苗 Medium container seedling | 带基质 With substrate | 30 | 20 | 16 |
大容器苗 Large container seedling | 带基质 With substrate | 30 | 30 | 24 |
Table 1 Specification and transplanting treatments of container seedlings
容器苗 Container seedling | 移栽处理 Transplanting treatment | 容器规格Container size | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
高度/cm Height | 上部直径/cm The upper diameter | 底部直径/cm The bottom diameter | ||
裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 裸根Bare root | 30 | 20 | 16 |
小容器苗 Small container seedling | 带基质 With substrate | 30 | 10 | 8 |
中等容器苗 Medium container seedling | 带基质 With substrate | 30 | 20 | 16 |
大容器苗 Large container seedling | 带基质 With substrate | 30 | 30 | 24 |
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 株高/cm Plant height | 地径/mm Ground diameter | 鲜质量/g Fresh weight | 干质量/g Dry weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 25.30 ± 2.08 d | 6.82 ± 0.45 c | 29.97 ± 1.61 d | 13.00 ± 0.75 d |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 42.83 ± 1.28 c | 7.74 ± 0.34 bc | 41.06 ± 1.93 c | 17.53 ± 0.78 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 53.47 ± 2.57 b | 8.53 ± 0.21 b | 55.52 ± 3.58 b | 23.76 ± 0.90 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 78.50 ± 2.95 a | 10.40 ± 0.71 a | 86.79 ± 2.30 a | 35.33 ± 1.00 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 110.67 ± 4.50 c | 16.40 ± 0.69 d | 133.70 ± 4.59 d | 56.23 ± 1.42 d |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 143.67 ± 2.65 b | 19.67 ± 0.58 c | 167.83 ± 3.34 c | 65.17 ± 1.51 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 185.17 ± 3.71 a | 22.77 ± 0.18 b | 218.33 ± 7.57 b | 81.50 ± 1.79 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 204.67 ± 3.86 a | 24.33 ± 0.27 a | 244.23 ± 6.58 a | 91.30 ± 1.67 a |
Table 2 Plant biomass of young apple trees of three size-container seedlings in replant soil
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 株高/cm Plant height | 地径/mm Ground diameter | 鲜质量/g Fresh weight | 干质量/g Dry weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 25.30 ± 2.08 d | 6.82 ± 0.45 c | 29.97 ± 1.61 d | 13.00 ± 0.75 d |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 42.83 ± 1.28 c | 7.74 ± 0.34 bc | 41.06 ± 1.93 c | 17.53 ± 0.78 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 53.47 ± 2.57 b | 8.53 ± 0.21 b | 55.52 ± 3.58 b | 23.76 ± 0.90 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 78.50 ± 2.95 a | 10.40 ± 0.71 a | 86.79 ± 2.30 a | 35.33 ± 1.00 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 110.67 ± 4.50 c | 16.40 ± 0.69 d | 133.70 ± 4.59 d | 56.23 ± 1.42 d |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 143.67 ± 2.65 b | 19.67 ± 0.58 c | 167.83 ± 3.34 c | 65.17 ± 1.51 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 185.17 ± 3.71 a | 22.77 ± 0.18 b | 218.33 ± 7.57 b | 81.50 ± 1.79 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 204.67 ± 3.86 a | 24.33 ± 0.27 a | 244.23 ± 6.58 a | 91.30 ± 1.67 a |
取样时间(Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 根长/cm Roots length | 根表面积/cm2 Roots surface | 根体积/cm3 Roots volume |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 1 175.78 ± 107.64 c | 952.65 ± 89.71 c | 532.84 ± 90.23 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 1 812.46 ± 231.02 b | 1 421.83 ± 151.27 bc | 870.67 ± 99.26 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 2 230.57 ± 181.18 b | 1 706.43 ± 136.12 b | 1 063.31 ± 84.59 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 2 922.18 ± 226.16 a | 2 320.58 ± 223.76 a | 1 429.38 ± 126.55 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 3 341.32 ± 164.95 d | 2 670.21 ± 76.19 d | 1 659.19 ± 95.82 d |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 4 555.54 ± 143.65 c | 3 707.07 ± 70.96 c | 2 348.24 ± 54.71 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 5 812.23 ± 159.46 b | 4 485.64 ± 84.35 b | 3 361.87 ± 86.53 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 6 489.85 ± 140.57 a | 5 063.13 ± 50.83 a | 3 919.31 ± 134.51 a |
Table 3 Root growth of container seedlings with different specifications in old apple orchard replanting
取样时间(Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 根长/cm Roots length | 根表面积/cm2 Roots surface | 根体积/cm3 Roots volume |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 1 175.78 ± 107.64 c | 952.65 ± 89.71 c | 532.84 ± 90.23 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 1 812.46 ± 231.02 b | 1 421.83 ± 151.27 bc | 870.67 ± 99.26 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 2 230.57 ± 181.18 b | 1 706.43 ± 136.12 b | 1 063.31 ± 84.59 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 2 922.18 ± 226.16 a | 2 320.58 ± 223.76 a | 1 429.38 ± 126.55 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 3 341.32 ± 164.95 d | 2 670.21 ± 76.19 d | 1 659.19 ± 95.82 d |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 4 555.54 ± 143.65 c | 3 707.07 ± 70.96 c | 2 348.24 ± 54.71 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 5 812.23 ± 159.46 b | 4 485.64 ± 84.35 b | 3 361.87 ± 86.53 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 6 489.85 ± 140.57 a | 5 063.13 ± 50.83 a | 3 919.31 ± 134.51 a |
Fig. 1 The activities of SOD,POD and CAT and the content of MDA in the roots of the old apple orchard seedlings with different sizes (small,medium and large) container P < 0.05.
取样时间(Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b | 类胡萝卜 Carotenoid |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 13.45 ± 0.32 c | 7.04 ± 0.15 d | 2.95 ± 0.03 b |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 14.13 ± 0.31 c | 7.50 ± 0.11 c | 3.06 ± 0.03 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 16.31 ± 0.22 b | 8.22 ± 0.07 b | 3.64 ± 0.04 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 17.72 ± 0.25 a | 8.72 ± 0.15 a | 3.67 ± 0.10 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 13.85 ± 0.45 c | 7.25 ± 0.05 c | 3.15 ± 0.03 b |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 14.71 ± 0.35 c | 7.41 ± 0.07 c | 3.24 ± 0.08 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 16.91 ± 0.08 b | 8.25 ± 0.13 b | 3.73 ± 0.04 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 18.15 ± 0.08 a | 8.61 ± 0.06 a | 3.89 ± 0.06 a |
Table 4 Chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid content in leaves of young apple trees with different sizes container in old apple orchard replanting mg · g-1 FW
取样时间(Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b | 类胡萝卜 Carotenoid |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 13.45 ± 0.32 c | 7.04 ± 0.15 d | 2.95 ± 0.03 b |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 14.13 ± 0.31 c | 7.50 ± 0.11 c | 3.06 ± 0.03 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 16.31 ± 0.22 b | 8.22 ± 0.07 b | 3.64 ± 0.04 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 17.72 ± 0.25 a | 8.72 ± 0.15 a | 3.67 ± 0.10 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 13.85 ± 0.45 c | 7.25 ± 0.05 c | 3.15 ± 0.03 b |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 14.71 ± 0.35 c | 7.41 ± 0.07 c | 3.24 ± 0.08 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 16.91 ± 0.08 b | 8.25 ± 0.13 b | 3.73 ± 0.04 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 18.15 ± 0.08 a | 8.61 ± 0.06 a | 3.89 ± 0.06 a |
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | Pn / (µmol · m-2 · s-1) | Ci / (µmol · mol-1) | Tr / (µmol · m-2 · s-1) | Gs / (µmol · m-2 · s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 4.03 ± 0.30 c | 150.67 ± 8.51 c | 5.97 ± 0.56 d | 11.33 ± 1.45 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 5.53 ± 0.20 b | 183.00 ± 5.51 b | 9.10 ± 0.68 c | 18.33 ± 2.03 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 6.50 ± 0.23 b | 217.67 ± 8.82 a | 15.97 ± 0.78 b | 23.00 ± 2.65 ab | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 8.63 ± 0.54 a | 239.67 ± 6.64 a | 19.57 ± 0.50 a | 29.00 ± 2.08 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 7.50 ± 0.38 c | 152.00 ± 7.21 d | 5.63 ± 0.43 c | 18.33 ± 1.76 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 9.17 ± 0.35 b | 177.00 ± 7.55 c | 7.60 ± 0.40 b | 25.00 ± 2.08 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 11.07 ± 0.49 a | 221.00 ± 8.08 b | 9.40 ± 0.17 a | 32.00 ± 1.73 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 11.80 ± 0.17 a | 245.00 ± 3.46 a | 10.50 ± 0.46 a | 35.00 ± 1.53 a |
Table 5 Pn,Ci,Tr and Gs in leaves of young apple trees with different sizes container in old apple orchard replanting
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | Pn / (µmol · m-2 · s-1) | Ci / (µmol · mol-1) | Tr / (µmol · m-2 · s-1) | Gs / (µmol · m-2 · s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 4.03 ± 0.30 c | 150.67 ± 8.51 c | 5.97 ± 0.56 d | 11.33 ± 1.45 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 5.53 ± 0.20 b | 183.00 ± 5.51 b | 9.10 ± 0.68 c | 18.33 ± 2.03 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 6.50 ± 0.23 b | 217.67 ± 8.82 a | 15.97 ± 0.78 b | 23.00 ± 2.65 ab | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 8.63 ± 0.54 a | 239.67 ± 6.64 a | 19.57 ± 0.50 a | 29.00 ± 2.08 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 7.50 ± 0.38 c | 152.00 ± 7.21 d | 5.63 ± 0.43 c | 18.33 ± 1.76 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 9.17 ± 0.35 b | 177.00 ± 7.55 c | 7.60 ± 0.40 b | 25.00 ± 2.08 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 11.07 ± 0.49 a | 221.00 ± 8.08 b | 9.40 ± 0.17 a | 32.00 ± 1.73 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 11.80 ± 0.17 a | 245.00 ± 3.46 a | 10.50 ± 0.46 a | 35.00 ± 1.53 a |
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 脲酶/ (mg · g-1 · d-1) Urease | 中性磷酸酶 / (mg · g-1 · d-1) Neutral phosphatase | 蔗糖酶/ (mg · g-1 · d-1) Sucrase | 过氧化氢酶/ (mL · g-1) Catalase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 0.43 ± 0.04 c | 20.59 ± 0.85 c | 27.42 ± 1.13 c | 2.36 ± 0.06 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 0.47 ± 0.00 c | 24.23 ± 0.43 b | 28.61 ± 1.22 c | 2.41 ± 0.10 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 0.78 ± 0.05 b | 32.89 ± 0.97 a | 36.50 ± 0.76 b | 3.16 ± 0.03 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 1.00 ± 0.03 a | 33.57 ± 1.39 a | 45.21 ± 1.80 a | 4.77 ± 0.09 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 0.34 ± 0.01 c | 20.59 ± 0.30 c | 23.11 ± 0.65 c | 2.21 ± 0.06 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 0.38 ± 0.02 c | 21.18 ± 0.17 c | 25.13 ± 0.78 c | 2.58 ± 0.05 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 0.54 ± 0.01 b | 23.74 ± 0.26 b | 31.31 ± 0.76 b | 3.14 ± 0.02 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 0.64 ± 0.01 a | 26.00 ± 0.43 a | 35.89 ± 0.50 a | 3.19 ± 0.02 a |
Table 6 Soil enzyme activities of young apple trees with different sizes container in old apple orchard replanting
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 脲酶/ (mg · g-1 · d-1) Urease | 中性磷酸酶 / (mg · g-1 · d-1) Neutral phosphatase | 蔗糖酶/ (mg · g-1 · d-1) Sucrase | 过氧化氢酶/ (mL · g-1) Catalase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 0.43 ± 0.04 c | 20.59 ± 0.85 c | 27.42 ± 1.13 c | 2.36 ± 0.06 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 0.47 ± 0.00 c | 24.23 ± 0.43 b | 28.61 ± 1.22 c | 2.41 ± 0.10 c | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 0.78 ± 0.05 b | 32.89 ± 0.97 a | 36.50 ± 0.76 b | 3.16 ± 0.03 b | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 1.00 ± 0.03 a | 33.57 ± 1.39 a | 45.21 ± 1.80 a | 4.77 ± 0.09 a | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 0.34 ± 0.01 c | 20.59 ± 0.30 c | 23.11 ± 0.65 c | 2.21 ± 0.06 c |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 0.38 ± 0.02 c | 21.18 ± 0.17 c | 25.13 ± 0.78 c | 2.58 ± 0.05 b | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 0.54 ± 0.01 b | 23.74 ± 0.26 b | 31.31 ± 0.76 b | 3.14 ± 0.02 a | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 0.64 ± 0.01 a | 26.00 ± 0.43 a | 35.89 ± 0.50 a | 3.19 ± 0.02 a |
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 细菌/(×105 CFU · g-1) Bacteria | 真菌/(× 103 CFU · g-1) Fungi | 细菌与真菌比值 Bacterial to fungal ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 11.67 ± 1.45 c | 64.67 ± 5.04 a | 18.04 |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 14.67 ± 1.76 bc | 47.33 ± 4.10 b | 30.99 | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 18.67 ± 2.19 b | 43.00 ± 2.31 b | 43.41 | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 26.00 ± 2.08 a | 42.67 ± 2.96 b | 60.94 | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 9.00 ± 1.53 c | 64.67 ± 4.81 a | 13.92 |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 20.00 ± 2.52 b | 52.00 ± 2.31 a | 38.46 | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 27.67 ± 2.03 a | 36.67 ± 2.60 b | 75.45 | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 32.00 ± 1.73 a | 28.00 ± 4.04 c | 114.29 |
Table 7 Number of microorganism of young apple trees with different sizes container in old apple orchard replanting
取样时间 (Y-M) Sampling time | 容器苗 Container seedling | 细菌/(×105 CFU · g-1) Bacteria | 真菌/(× 103 CFU · g-1) Fungi | 细菌与真菌比值 Bacterial to fungal ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 11.67 ± 1.45 c | 64.67 ± 5.04 a | 18.04 |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 14.67 ± 1.76 bc | 47.33 ± 4.10 b | 30.99 | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 18.67 ± 2.19 b | 43.00 ± 2.31 b | 43.41 | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 26.00 ± 2.08 a | 42.67 ± 2.96 b | 60.94 | |
2020-09 | 裸根苗(对照)Bare root seeding(Control) | 9.00 ± 1.53 c | 64.67 ± 4.81 a | 13.92 |
小容器苗Small container seedling | 20.00 ± 2.52 b | 52.00 ± 2.31 a | 38.46 | |
中等容器苗Medium container seedling | 27.67 ± 2.03 a | 36.67 ± 2.60 b | 75.45 | |
大容器苗Large container seedling | 32.00 ± 1.73 a | 28.00 ± 4.04 c | 114.29 |
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