The Growth of Apple Container Seedlings in Replanted Soil and Characteristics of Soil Environment

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0038

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0038

• Research Papers • Next Articles

The Growth of Apple Container Seedlings in Replanted Soil and Characteristics of Soil Environment

CHEN Ran¹, SU Houwen¹, JIANG Weitao¹, LI Qianjin², CHEN Xuesen¹, SHEN Xiang¹, YIN Chengmiao¹, MAO Zhiquan¹^,^*()

¹College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China
²Luochuan Apple Industry Research and Development Center,Luochuan,Shaanxi 727400,China

Received:2021-05-18 Revised:2021-06-23 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-01-24
Contact: MAO Zhiquan E-mail:mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking apple Honglu/M9-T337 as experimental material,container seedlings were cultivated in containers of small,medium and large sizes with upper diameter of 10 cm,20 cm and 30 cm,lower diameter of 8 cm,16 cm and 24 cm,and height of 30 cm,respectively. The container seedlings were transplanted into 25-year-old apple orchards together with substrates. Bare root seedlings were used as control. The growth of seedlings and soil environmental characteristics of root zone were observed after six months and 18 months. The results showed that the three kinds of container seedlings improved the soil environment and promoted the growth of saplings in different degrees,and the effect of large container seedlings with substrate was the most significant,followed by medium container seedlings with substrate. In September 2019,the plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight increased by 210.3%,52.5%,189.6%,171.8% and 111.3%,25.1%,85.3%,82.8% respectively compared with the bare root seedlings;The root length,root surface area and root volume of medium container seedlings and large container seedlings transplanted with substrate were increased;The activities of SOD,POD,and CAT were increased;At the same time,it increased the content of chlorophyll and promoted the photosynthesis of leaves;The activities of urease,invertase,phosphatase and catalase in root zone soil were increased,and the gene copy numbers of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani were decreased. The trend in September 2020 is consistent with that in September 2019. In conclusion,the three specifications of container seedlings can optimize the replant soil environment and promote the growth of young trees,and the large container seedlings with substrate have the best effect,which can effectively alleviate the apple replant obstacles. However,with the increase of container specifications,the cost of seedling raising increases significantly. Therefore,the medium container seedlings with substrate should be selected according to the situation in the old orchard and the new orchard.

Key words: apple, container seedling, replant disease, soil environment

CLC Number:

S661.1

CHEN Ran, SU Houwen, JIANG Weitao, LI Qianjin, CHEN Xuesen, SHEN Xiang, YIN Chengmiao, MAO Zhiquan. The Growth of Apple Container Seedlings in Replanted Soil and Characteristics of Soil Environment[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(1): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 9

References 24

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容器苗 Container seedling	移栽处理 Transplanting treatment	容器规格Container size
容器苗 Container seedling	移栽处理 Transplanting treatment	高度/cm Height	上部直径/cm The upper diameter	底部直径/cm The bottom diameter
裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	裸根Bare root	30	20	16
小容器苗 Small container seedling	带基质 With substrate	30	10	8
中等容器苗 Medium container seedling	带基质 With substrate	30	20	16
大容器苗 Large container seedling	带基质 With substrate	30	30	24

容器苗 Container seedling	移栽处理 Transplanting treatment	容器规格Container size
容器苗 Container seedling	移栽处理 Transplanting treatment	高度/cm Height	上部直径/cm The upper diameter	底部直径/cm The bottom diameter
裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	裸根Bare root	30	20	16
小容器苗 Small container seedling	带基质 With substrate	30	10	8
中等容器苗 Medium container seedling	带基质 With substrate	30	20	16
大容器苗 Large container seedling	带基质 With substrate	30	30	24

取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	容器苗 Container seedling	株高/cm Plant height	地径/mm Ground diameter	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
2019-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	25.30 ± 2.08 d	6.82 ± 0.45 c	29.97 ± 1.61 d	13.00 ± 0.75 d
	小容器苗Small container seedling	42.83 ± 1.28 c	7.74 ± 0.34 bc	41.06 ± 1.93 c	17.53 ± 0.78 c
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	53.47 ± 2.57 b	8.53 ± 0.21 b	55.52 ± 3.58 b	23.76 ± 0.90 b
	大容器苗Large container seedling	78.50 ± 2.95 a	10.40 ± 0.71 a	86.79 ± 2.30 a	35.33 ± 1.00 a
2020-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	110.67 ± 4.50 c	16.40 ± 0.69 d	133.70 ± 4.59 d	56.23 ± 1.42 d
	小容器苗Small container seedling	143.67 ± 2.65 b	19.67 ± 0.58 c	167.83 ± 3.34 c	65.17 ± 1.51 c
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	185.17 ± 3.71 a	22.77 ± 0.18 b	218.33 ± 7.57 b	81.50 ± 1.79 b
	大容器苗Large container seedling	204.67 ± 3.86 a	24.33 ± 0.27 a	244.23 ± 6.58 a	91.30 ± 1.67 a

取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	容器苗 Container seedling	株高/cm Plant height	地径/mm Ground diameter	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
2019-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	25.30 ± 2.08 d	6.82 ± 0.45 c	29.97 ± 1.61 d	13.00 ± 0.75 d
	小容器苗Small container seedling	42.83 ± 1.28 c	7.74 ± 0.34 bc	41.06 ± 1.93 c	17.53 ± 0.78 c
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	53.47 ± 2.57 b	8.53 ± 0.21 b	55.52 ± 3.58 b	23.76 ± 0.90 b
	大容器苗Large container seedling	78.50 ± 2.95 a	10.40 ± 0.71 a	86.79 ± 2.30 a	35.33 ± 1.00 a
2020-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	110.67 ± 4.50 c	16.40 ± 0.69 d	133.70 ± 4.59 d	56.23 ± 1.42 d
	小容器苗Small container seedling	143.67 ± 2.65 b	19.67 ± 0.58 c	167.83 ± 3.34 c	65.17 ± 1.51 c
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	185.17 ± 3.71 a	22.77 ± 0.18 b	218.33 ± 7.57 b	81.50 ± 1.79 b
	大容器苗Large container seedling	204.67 ± 3.86 a	24.33 ± 0.27 a	244.23 ± 6.58 a	91.30 ± 1.67 a

取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	容器苗 Container seedling	根长/cm Roots length	根表面积/cm² Roots surface	根体积/cm³ Roots volume
2019-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	1 175.78 ± 107.64 c	952.65 ± 89.71 c	532.84 ± 90.23 c
	小容器苗Small container seedling	1 812.46 ± 231.02 b	1 421.83 ± 151.27 bc	870.67 ± 99.26 b
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	2 230.57 ± 181.18 b	1 706.43 ± 136.12 b	1 063.31 ± 84.59 b
	大容器苗Large container seedling	2 922.18 ± 226.16 a	2 320.58 ± 223.76 a	1 429.38 ± 126.55 a
2020-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	3 341.32 ± 164.95 d	2 670.21 ± 76.19 d	1 659.19 ± 95.82 d
	小容器苗Small container seedling	4 555.54 ± 143.65 c	3 707.07 ± 70.96 c	2 348.24 ± 54.71 c
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	5 812.23 ± 159.46 b	4 485.64 ± 84.35 b	3 361.87 ± 86.53 b
	大容器苗Large container seedling	6 489.85 ± 140.57 a	5 063.13 ± 50.83 a	3 919.31 ± 134.51 a

The Growth of Apple Container Seedlings in Replanted Soil and Characteristics of Soil Environment

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取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	容器苗 Container seedling	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b	类胡萝卜 Carotenoid
2019-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	13.45 ± 0.32 c	7.04 ± 0.15 d	2.95 ± 0.03 b
	小容器苗Small container seedling	14.13 ± 0.31 c	7.50 ± 0.11 c	3.06 ± 0.03 b
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	16.31 ± 0.22 b	8.22 ± 0.07 b	3.64 ± 0.04 a
	大容器苗Large container seedling	17.72 ± 0.25 a	8.72 ± 0.15 a	3.67 ± 0.10 a
2020-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	13.85 ± 0.45 c	7.25 ± 0.05 c	3.15 ± 0.03 b
	小容器苗Small container seedling	14.71 ± 0.35 c	7.41 ± 0.07 c	3.24 ± 0.08 b
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	16.91 ± 0.08 b	8.25 ± 0.13 b	3.73 ± 0.04 a
	大容器苗Large container seedling	18.15 ± 0.08 a	8.61 ± 0.06 a	3.89 ± 0.06 a

取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	容器苗 Container seedling	P_n/ （µmol · m^-2· s^-1）	C_i/ （µmol · mol^-1）	T_r/ （µmol · m^-2· s^-1）	G_s/ （µmol · m^-2· s^-1）
2019-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	4.03 ± 0.30 c	150.67 ± 8.51 c	5.97 ± 0.56 d	11.33 ± 1.45 c
	小容器苗Small container seedling	5.53 ± 0.20 b	183.00 ± 5.51 b	9.10 ± 0.68 c	18.33 ± 2.03 b
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	6.50 ± 0.23 b	217.67 ± 8.82 a	15.97 ± 0.78 b	23.00 ± 2.65 ab
	大容器苗Large container seedling	8.63 ± 0.54 a	239.67 ± 6.64 a	19.57 ± 0.50 a	29.00 ± 2.08 a
2020-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	7.50 ± 0.38 c	152.00 ± 7.21 d	5.63 ± 0.43 c	18.33 ± 1.76 c
	小容器苗Small container seedling	9.17 ± 0.35 b	177.00 ± 7.55 c	7.60 ± 0.40 b	25.00 ± 2.08 b
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	11.07 ± 0.49 a	221.00 ± 8.08 b	9.40 ± 0.17 a	32.00 ± 1.73 a
	大容器苗Large container seedling	11.80 ± 0.17 a	245.00 ± 3.46 a	10.50 ± 0.46 a	35.00 ± 1.53 a

取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	容器苗 Container seedling	脲酶/ （mg · g^-1· d^-1） Urease	中性磷酸酶 / （mg · g^-1· d^-1） Neutral phosphatase	蔗糖酶/ （mg · g^-1· d^-1） Sucrase	过氧化氢酶/ （mL · g^-1） Catalase
2019-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	0.43 ± 0.04 c	20.59 ± 0.85 c	27.42 ± 1.13 c	2.36 ± 0.06 c
	小容器苗Small container seedling	0.47 ± 0.00 c	24.23 ± 0.43 b	28.61 ± 1.22 c	2.41 ± 0.10 c
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	0.78 ± 0.05 b	32.89 ± 0.97 a	36.50 ± 0.76 b	3.16 ± 0.03 b
	大容器苗Large container seedling	1.00 ± 0.03 a	33.57 ± 1.39 a	45.21 ± 1.80 a	4.77 ± 0.09 a
2020-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	0.34 ± 0.01 c	20.59 ± 0.30 c	23.11 ± 0.65 c	2.21 ± 0.06 c
	小容器苗Small container seedling	0.38 ± 0.02 c	21.18 ± 0.17 c	25.13 ± 0.78 c	2.58 ± 0.05 b
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	0.54 ± 0.01 b	23.74 ± 0.26 b	31.31 ± 0.76 b	3.14 ± 0.02 a
	大容器苗Large container seedling	0.64 ± 0.01 a	26.00 ± 0.43 a	35.89 ± 0.50 a	3.19 ± 0.02 a

取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	容器苗 Container seedling	细菌/（×10⁵CFU · g^-1） Bacteria	真菌/（× 10³CFU · g^-1） Fungi	细菌与真菌比值 Bacterial to fungal ratio
2019-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	11.67 ± 1.45 c	64.67 ± 5.04 a	18.04
	小容器苗Small container seedling	14.67 ± 1.76 bc	47.33 ± 4.10 b	30.99
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	18.67 ± 2.19 b	43.00 ± 2.31 b	43.41
	大容器苗Large container seedling	26.00 ± 2.08 a	42.67 ± 2.96 b	60.94
2020-09	裸根苗（对照）Bare root seeding（Control）	9.00 ± 1.53 c	64.67 ± 4.81 a	13.92
	小容器苗Small container seedling	20.00 ± 2.52 b	52.00 ± 2.31 a	38.46
	中等容器苗Medium container seedling	27.67 ± 2.03 a	36.67 ± 2.60 b	75.45
	大容器苗Large container seedling	32.00 ± 1.73 a	28.00 ± 4.04 c	114.29

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