Study on Effect of Apple Rootstocks on Cold Resistance of Annual Branches Through Regulating Leaf Nutrient Reflux

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1156

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 2107-2118.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1156

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Study on Effect of Apple Rootstocks on Cold Resistance of Annual Branches Through Regulating Leaf Nutrient Reflux

LIU Qian, WANG Jingyi, XIA Mingran, LIU Dawei, LIU Yi, LIANG Bowen, ZHOU Shasha, YIN Baoying, ZHANG Xueying, LI Zhongyong^*()

College of Horticulture， Hebei Agricultural University，Baoding， Hebei 071001， China

Received:2026-01-05 Revised:2026-06-02 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-07-23
Contact: LI Zhongyong

Abstract

Abstract:

Apple cultivars‘Yanfu 8’and‘Tianhong 2’grafted onto different rootstocks（‘Jizhen 2’，9-3，ZC9-3，53，24-5，and SH40）were used to compare and analyze the leaf nutrient reflux rates of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P），and potassium（K），the semilethal temperature（LT₅₀）of one-year-old shoots，and physiological indicators related to cold resistance. The objective was to explore the physiological mechanism by which leaf nutrient reflux affects the cold resistance of one-year-old shoots. The results showed that rootstocks could influence the cold resistance of one-year-old shoots by increasing leaf nutrient reflux in the scions. The combinations of‘Yanfu 8’and‘Tianhong 2’grafted onto rootstock 9-3 exhibited higher leaf N，P，and K resistance rates，lower LT₅₀，higher proline（PRO）content，higher superoxide dismutase（SOD）and peroxidase（POD）activities，and lower malondialdehyde（MDA）content and superoxide anion radical（）production rate in one-year-old shoots. Collectively，these findings suggest that rootstock 9-3 enhances the nutrient storage and cold resistance of scion cultivars during the overwintering period by increasing leaf nutrient reflux rate，making it a promising cold-hardy dwarfing apple rootstock for practical application.

Key words: apple, rootstock, cold resistance, nutrient reflux

LIU Qian, WANG Jingyi, XIA Mingran, LIU Dawei, LIU Yi, LIANG Bowen, ZHOU Shasha, YIN Baoying, ZHANG Xueying, LI Zhongyong. Study on Effect of Apple Rootstocks on Cold Resistance of Annual Branches Through Regulating Leaf Nutrient Reflux[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(7): 2107-2118.

Figures/Tables 8

References 26

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品种 Cultivar	主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率/% Contribution rate	累积贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate
烟富8号Yanfu 8	1	3.177	35.300	35.300
	2	2.559	28.437	63.737
	3	1.908	21.196	84.933
天红2号Tianhong 2	1	3.587	39.853	39.853
	2	2.794	31.043	70.896
	3	1.406	15.625	86.521

品种 Cultivar	主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率/% Contribution rate	累积贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate
烟富8号Yanfu 8	1	3.177	35.300	35.300
	2	2.559	28.437	63.737
	3	1.908	21.196	84.933
天红2号Tianhong 2	1	3.587	39.853	39.853
	2	2.794	31.043	70.896
	3	1.406	15.625	86.521

品种 Cultivar	砧木 Rootstock	主成分1 Component 1	主成分2 Component 2	主成分3 Component 3	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Sorting
烟富8号Yanfu 8	J2	-0.256846198	0.765650433	2.332176212	0.731623016	5
	ZC9-3	1.996803619	1.142289010	0.748426623	1.399150990	2
	53	0.623526183	-0.180384286	0.399659914	0.298495024	6
	9-3	2.635940447	1.934602389	0.971124749	1.985646876	1
	24-5	0.336645034	1.068784603	1.302660815	0.822857972	4
	SH40	0.131884600	2.659811718	0.101157060	0.970608800	3
天红2号Tianhong 2	J2	-0.263705850	3.284121434	1.101301555	1.255733859	3
	ZC9-3	1.258691126	0.483846059	0.131367398	0.777097655	4
	53	-1.621747810	1.069501861	1.493947167	-0.093480712	6
	9-3	1.736085592	3.162580861	2.531720478	2.391585271	1
	24-5	-0.254557552	1.888887211	0.923601710	0.727258357	5
	SH40	1.383528500	2.770350774	1.128182065	1.834995032	2

品种 Cultivar	砧木 Rootstock	主成分1 Component 1	主成分2 Component 2	主成分3 Component 3	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Sorting
烟富8号Yanfu 8	J2	-0.256846198	0.765650433	2.332176212	0.731623016	5
	ZC9-3	1.996803619	1.142289010	0.748426623	1.399150990	2
	53	0.623526183	-0.180384286	0.399659914	0.298495024	6
	9-3	2.635940447	1.934602389	0.971124749	1.985646876	1
	24-5	0.336645034	1.068784603	1.302660815	0.822857972	4
	SH40	0.131884600	2.659811718	0.101157060	0.970608800	3
天红2号Tianhong 2	J2	-0.263705850	3.284121434	1.101301555	1.255733859	3
	ZC9-3	1.258691126	0.483846059	0.131367398	0.777097655	4
	53	-1.621747810	1.069501861	1.493947167	-0.093480712	6
	9-3	1.736085592	3.162580861	2.531720478	2.391585271	1
	24-5	-0.254557552	1.888887211	0.923601710	0.727258357	5
	SH40	1.383528500	2.770350774	1.128182065	1.834995032	2

Study on Effect of Apple Rootstocks on Cold Resistance of Annual Branches Through Regulating Leaf Nutrient Reflux

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