Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Formation Mechanism of Floral Color of Lotus‘Dasajin’with Bicolor Petal

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0574

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 365-377.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0574

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Formation Mechanism of Floral Color of Lotus‘Dasajin’with Bicolor Petal

DENG Jiao¹^,², SU Mengyue¹, LIU Xuelian¹, OU Kefang³, HU Zhengrong¹, YANG Pingfang¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering,School of Life Sciences,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China
²Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China
³Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture,Wuhan 430081,China

Received:2021-06-18 Revised:2021-09-06 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-02-28
Contact: YANG Pingfang E-mail:yangpf@hubu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

‘Dasajin’lotus with red and white flower was used as the research material,it’s red color of petals was caused by anthocyanins accumulation,which was related to acidification of petal cells. A total of 91 differentially expressed genes（DEGs）were identified between red and white petals by transcriptomics analysis and these DEGs can be divided into molecular function,cellular component and biological process categories base on gene ontology（GO）analysis,among which more genes were related to redox activity,thylakoid and photosynthesis. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis indicated that genes enriched in metabolic pathway,photosynthesis and galactose metabolic branches were more abundant. Fourteen DEGs related to chloroplast and photosynthesis were down regulated in the red petals region,one of which was thylakoid morphogenetic protein 1 gene（THF1）,whose low expression level was consistent with structure abnormality of thylakoid. Several transcription factors,including YABBY and bHLH,which were related to petal development,were predicted to bind the promoter of THF1 gene. In addition,several genes involved in biosynthesis of auxin and gibberellin as well as cell development were differentially expressed in red and white petal regions,leading to the formation of concave-like bowl shape of petal. Therefore,it was speculated that anthocyanins selectively accumulated in petal edge region with red color was related to petal development,that is,these genes regulating petal development may also regulate anthocyanins accumulation,which may be involved in thylakoid development,pH regulation and cell development.

Key words: lotus, bicolor flower, flower color, anthocyanin, petal development, transcriptome

CLC Number:

DENG Jiao, SU Mengyue, LIU Xuelian, OU Kefang, HU Zhengrong, YANG Pingfang. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Formation Mechanism of Floral Color of Lotus‘Dasajin’with Bicolor Petal[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(2): 365-377.

Figures/Tables 8

References 23

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样本 Sample	原始序列 Raw reads	过滤后序列 Clean reads	过滤后的碱基/Gb Clean bases	错误率/% Error rate	Q20/%	Q30/%	GC/%
红色1 Red 1	91 323 664	90 563 834	13.58	0.03	97.97	93.90	45.08
红色2 Red 2	73 024 058	72 316 724	10.85	0.03	97.99	93.95	45.13
红色3 Red 3	56 698 476	56 146 640	8.42	0.03	97.94	93.82	45.11
白色1 White 1	59 612 084	59 030 858	8.85	0.02	98.11	94.25	45.19
白色2 White 2	54 401 662	53 731 038	8.06	0.03	97.93	93.81	45.28
白色3 White 3	49 534 162	49 072 084	7.36	0.03	98.05	94.09	45.28

样本 Sample	原始序列 Raw reads	过滤后序列 Clean reads	过滤后的碱基/Gb Clean bases	错误率/% Error rate	Q20/%	Q30/%	GC/%
红色1 Red 1	91 323 664	90 563 834	13.58	0.03	97.97	93.90	45.08
红色2 Red 2	73 024 058	72 316 724	10.85	0.03	97.99	93.95	45.13
红色3 Red 3	56 698 476	56 146 640	8.42	0.03	97.94	93.82	45.11
白色1 White 1	59 612 084	59 030 858	8.85	0.02	98.11	94.25	45.19
白色2 White 2	54 401 662	53 731 038	8.06	0.03	97.93	93.81	45.28
白色3 White 3	49 534 162	49 072 084	7.36	0.03	98.05	94.09	45.28

样本 Sample	FPKM
样本 Sample	0 ~ 1	1 ~ 3	3 ~ 15	15 ~ 16	> 60
红色1 Red 1	11 710（41.43%）	2 957（10.46%）	6 609（23.38%）	5 017（17.75%）	1 973（6.98%）
红色2 Red 2	11 028（39.02%）	3 038（10.75%）	6 778（23.98%）	5 313（18.80%）	2 109（7.46%）
红色3 Red 3	11 077（39.19%）	2 986（10.56%）	6 788（24.01%）	5 303（18.76%）	2 112（7.47%）
白色1 White 1	11 653（41.23%）	3 034（10.73%）	6 680（23.63%）	4 771（16.88%）	2 128（7.53%）
白色2 White 2	11 484（40.63%）	2 992（10.59%）	6 705（23.72%）	5 008（17.72%）	2 077（7.35%）
白色3 White 3	10 976（38.83%）	2 961（10.48%）	6 818（24.12%）	5 372（19.01%）	2 139（7.57%）

样本 Sample	FPKM
样本 Sample	0 ~ 1	1 ~ 3	3 ~ 15	15 ~ 16	> 60
红色1 Red 1	11 710（41.43%）	2 957（10.46%）	6 609（23.38%）	5 017（17.75%）	1 973（6.98%）
红色2 Red 2	11 028（39.02%）	3 038（10.75%）	6 778（23.98%）	5 313（18.80%）	2 109（7.46%）
红色3 Red 3	11 077（39.19%）	2 986（10.56%）	6 788（24.01%）	5 303（18.76%）	2 112（7.47%）
白色1 White 1	11 653（41.23%）	3 034（10.73%）	6 680（23.63%）	4 771（16.88%）	2 128（7.53%）
白色2 White 2	11 484（40.63%）	2 992（10.59%）	6 705（23.72%）	5 008（17.72%）	2 077（7.35%）
白色3 White 3	10 976（38.83%）	2 961（10.48%）	6 818（24.12%）	5 372（19.01%）	2 139（7.57%）

基因编号 Gene ID	注释 Description	FPKM		FC	校正的p值 padj	变化 Change
基因编号 Gene ID	注释 Description	红色Red	白色White	FC	校正的p值 padj	变化 Change
104585760	吲哚-3-丙酮酸单氧酶YUCCA10 Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA10	379.86	1 057.48	0.36	0.0061	下调Down
LOC104586332^△	类囊体腔内15.0 kD蛋白2,类叶绿体 Thylakoid lumenal 15.0 kD protein 2, chloroplastic-like	25.56	119.73	0.21	0.0146	下调Down
LOC104586359	包含 BTB/POZ 结构域蛋白 BTB/POZ domain-containing protein	381.38	980.36	0.39	0.0204	下调Down
LOC104587048	酯酶 Esterase	76.90	292.68	0.26	0.0023	下调Down
LOC104587342	UDP-D-芹菜糖/UDP-D-木糖合酶1 UDP-D-apiose/UDP-D-xylose synthase 1	617.36	1 595.39	0.39	0.0118	下调Down
LOC104587387	未知 Unkown	188.34	586.55	0.32	0.0023	下调Down
LOC104587394	包含 BTB/POZ 结构域蛋白 BTB/POZ domain-containing protein	200.87	751.03	0.27	5.61E-05	下调Down
LOC104587400	未知 Unkown	264.94	812.91	0.33	0.0481	下调Down
LOC104587793	未知 Unkown	194.34	605.49	0.32	0.0023	下调Down
LOC104587865	未知 Unkown	35.16	149.94	0.23	0.0146	下调Down
LOC104587866^△	叶绿体运动蛋白CHUP1 Protein CHUP1,chloroplastic-like	12.66	89.50	0.14	0.0053	下调Down
LOC104588342^△	光系统I反应中心亚基 psaK,叶绿体 Photosystem I reaction center subunit psaK,chloroplastic	188.65	553.88	0.34	0.0236	下调Down
LOC104588655^△	组成型活性ROPs 2 的交互器,叶绿体 Interactor of constitutive active ROPs 2,chloroplastic	62.64	422.51	0.15	2.18E-05	下调Down
LOC104589017	GATA 锌指蛋白 GATA zinc finger protein	974.90	2 752.10	0.35	0.0023	下调Down
LOC104590162^△	氧进化增强蛋白3-1,叶绿体 Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3-1,chloroplastic	1 231.52	2 756.21	0.45	0.0390	下调Down
LOC104590347	ABC转运体G家族成员22 ABC transporter G family member 22	558.88	2 026.67	0.28	0.0263	下调Down
LOC104590803	轴向调节因子YABBY 2 Axial regulator YABBY 2	613.91	1 645.85	0.37	0.0054	下调Down
LOC104591558	豆肽链内切酶 Vignain	1 308.09	6 381.86	0.20	0.0231	下调Down
LOC104591924^△	甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶A,叶绿体 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A,chloroplastic	303.68	1 306.44	0.23	5.28E-05	下调Down
LOC104592073^△	催泪因子合成酶,叶绿体 Lachrymatory-factor synthase	140.18	437.15	0.32	0.0059425	下调Down
LOC104592306	赤霉素3-β-双加氧酶 1 Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1	44.02	212.18	0.21	0.0009824	下调Down
LOC104592455	转录因子YABBY 5-like Axial regulator YABBY 5-like	8.59	913.39	0.01	1.66E-05	下调Down
LOC104592502	14 kD富含脯氨酸的蛋白质DC2.15 14 kD proline-rich protein DC2.15	206.09	672.66	0.31	0.0056149	下调Down
LOC104593007^△	光系统II核心复合蛋白psbY,叶绿体 Photosystem II core complex proteins psbY,chloroplastic	179.71	547.87	0.33	0.039928	下调Down
LOC104593587	α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖酶 1 Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase 1-like	3 860.50	12 376.06	0.31	0.0016702	下调Down
LOC104594041	S型阴离子通道SLAH1 S-type anion channel SLAH1	254.66	75.28	3.38	0.013928	上调Up
LOC104594703	谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 L3 Glutathione S-transferase L3	18.45	125.60	0.15	0.0047725	下调Down
LOC104594809	过氧化物酶 21 Peroxidase 21	1 697.61	626.18	2.71	0.01402
LOC104594846	α碳酸酐酶8 Alpha carbonic anhydrase 8	434.02	1 641.06	0.26	0.031317	下调Down
LOC104595273	赤霉素3-β-双加氧酶 1 Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1	46.11	251.33	0.18	0.019816	下调Down
LOC104595276^△	丙酮酸钠协同转运蛋白BASS2 sodium/pyruvate cotransporter BASS2	2 043.27	4 692.64	0.44	0.030206	下调Down
LOC104595371	包含EG45结构域蛋白 EG45-like domain containing protein	1 011.13	367.72	2.75	0.032524	上调Up
LOC104595406	轴向调节因子YABBY 5-like Axial regulator YABBY 5-like	33.82	1 727.01	0.02	6.39E-09	下调Down
LOC104596121	含重复WD 结构域的蛋白 RUP2 WD repeat-containing protein RUP2	97.23	387.20	0.25	0.0002	下调Down
LOC104596470	谷胱甘肽S-转移酶 GSTU17 Glutathione S-transferase U17	117.27	509.20	0.23	0.0390	下调Down
LOC104596509	亚油酸酯9S-脂氧合酶 5 Probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	556.77	2 032.33	0.27	5.28E-05	下调Down
LOC104597338	未知 Unkown	524.39	2 025.64	0.26	0.0111	下调Down
LOC104597400	蔗糖—肌醇半乳糖基转移酶2 Galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase 2	943.20	3 133.75	0.30	0.0020	下调Down
LOC104597497	细胞色素P450 93A3 Cytochrome P450 93A3	920.50	383.45	2.40	0.0483	上调Up
LOC104597628	种子胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂TI5-72 Seed trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor TI5-72	259.84	1 005.47	0.26	0.0061	下调Down
LOC104597911^△	亚复合体b4的光合NDH亚基,叶绿体 Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B 4, chloroplastic	4.87	104.81	0.05	5.75E-06	下调Down
LOC104597930	含 NAC 结构域蛋白NAC100 NAC domain-containing protein 100	112.47	461.16	0.24	0.0072	下调Down
LOC104597931	转录因子 TCP5 Transcription factor TCP5	262.31	58.19	4.51	0.0004	上调Up
LOC104598813	β-D-木糖酶 Beta-D-xylosidase	1 221.24	5 693.74	0.21	0.0146	下调Down
LOC104598896	内切葡聚糖酶17 Endoglucanase 17	529.67	1 602.49	0.33	0.0139	下调Down
LOC104599017	支架蛋白 Cullin	70.23	222.45	0.32	0.0271	下调Down
LOC104599122	木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶 2 Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 2	61.05	220.88	0.28	0.0111	下调Down
LOC104599774^△	肽基脯氨酸顺反异构酶FKBP13,叶绿体 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP13, chloroplastic	100.34	697.49	0.14	3.10E-10	下调Down
LOC104599896	脂质转移蛋白 Patellin	29.09	160.76	0.18	0.0016	下调Down
LOC104600529	类异胡豆苷合成酶4基因SSL4 Protein STRICTOSIDINE SYNTHASE-LIKE 4-like	1 001.83	2 658.36	0.38	0.0054	下调Down
LOC104600691	β-果糠糖苷酶,不溶同工酶1 Beta-fructofuranosidase,insoluble isoenzyme 1	218.91	48.72	4.49	0.0009	上调Up
LOC104600849	转录因子 EMB1444 Transcription factor EMB1444	25.06	108.77	0.23	0.0393	下调Down
LOC104600890	未知 Unkown	11.48	70.98	0.16	0.0474	下调Down
LOC104601317	普遍应激蛋白 PHOS34 Universal stress protein PHOS34-like	4.66	46.12	0.10	0.0483	下调Down
LOC104601584	钠转运体 HKT1 Sodium transporter HKT1	349.98	1 418.70	0.25	6.66E-06	下调Down
LOC104601751	类枯草菌素蛋白酶SBT1.9 Subtilisin-like protease SBT1.9	82.89	385.71	0.21	0.0438	下调Down
LOC104601926	生长素外排载体成分1 Auxin efflux carrier component 1	240.85	721.72	0.33	0.0054	下调Down
LOC104602271	21 kD 蛋白 21 kD protein	1 519.82	4 115.71	0.37	0.0024	下调Down
LOC104602296	β-果糠糖苷酶,可溶性同工酶I Beta-fructofuranosidase,soluble isoenzyme I	3 037.56	10 350.37	0.29	3.83E-05	下调Down
LOC104602308	14 kD富含脯氨酸的蛋白质DC2.15 14 kD proline-rich protein DC2.15	14.11	86.45	0.16	0.0231	下调Down
LOC104602311	14 kD富含脯氨酸的蛋白质DC2.15 14 kD proline-rich protein DC2.15	2 417.69	8 525.97	0.28	5.44E-05	下调Down
LOC104603231	天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族蛋白 Aspartyl protease family protein	3.11	130.60	0.02	0.0023	下调Down
LOC104603275^△	亚复合体b4的光合B1亚基,叶绿体 Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B 1, chloroplastic	301.09	768.07	0.39	0.0223	下调Down
LOC104604690	未知 Unkown	113.28	713.97	0.16	2.76E-09	下调Down
LOC104605527^△	可溶性无机焦磷酸酶6,叶绿体 Soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase 6,chloroplastic	36.45	234.95	0.16	6.66E-06	下调Down
LOC104605630	吲哚-3-乙酸-酰胺合成酶GH3.10 Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.10	226.60	855.13	0.26	0.0063	下调Down
LOC104605653	O-酰基转移酶WSD1 O-acyltransferase WSD1	6 766.33	22 004.70	0.31	0.0003	下调Down
LOC104605705^△	类囊体形成蛋白1（THF1）,类叶绿体 Protein thylakoid formation1,chloroplastic-like	2 055.18	4 675.31	0.44	0.0290	下调Down
LOC104606133	干燥相关蛋白PCC13-62 Desiccation-related protein PCC13-62	151.66	844.91	0.18	3.84E-08	下调Down
LOC104606839	未知 Unkown	58.90	370.51	0.16	3.85E-07	下调Down
LOC104606865	AT-hook基序和定位蛋白 AHL29 AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 29	94.71	556.50	0.17	5.44E-05	下调Down
LOC104607352	果胶酯酶抑制剂7 PMEI7 Pectinesterase inhibitor 7 PMEI7	180.46	916.09	0.20	0.0390	下调Down
LOC104607711	富含赖氨酸的阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白18 Lysine-rich arabinogalactan protein 18	557.34	1 888.33	0.30	5.61E-05	下调Down
LOC104607973	NRT1/ PTR蛋白家族5.8 Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 5.8	345.98	92.02	3.76	0.0024	上调 Up
LOC104608668	排毒蛋白EXO EXO_ARATH Protein EXORDIUM	798.37	2 167.39	0.37	0.0084	下调Down
LOC104608669	排毒蛋白EXO EXO_ARATH Protein EXORDIUM	2 848.10	9590.01	0.30	0.0144	下调Down
LOC104610246	未知 Unkown	256.78	869.88	0.30	0.0003	下调Down
LOC104610692	温度诱导的脂质运载蛋白1 Temperature-induced lipocalin-1	3 564.02	9 331.83	0.38	0.0024	下调Down
LOC104610780	(S)-2-羟基酸氧化酶 GLO1 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase GLO1	883.52	2 867.34	0.31	0.0001	下调Down
LOC104611127	未知 Unkown	48.52	177.72	0.27	0.0313	下调Down
LOC104612002	含BTB/POZ结构域和锚蛋白重复序列蛋白基因 COCH BTB/POZ domain and ankyrin repeat- containing protein COCH	418.84	149.69	2.80	0.0178	上调 Up
LOC104612096	钠/钙交换器NCL Sodium/calcium exchanger NCL	236.31	1 164.35	0.20	1.00E-05	下调Down
LOC104613105	转录因子bHLH30 Transcription factor bHLH30	154.16	28.88	5.34	0.0018	上调Up
LOC104613323	跨膜蛋白Transmembrane protein	22.39	104.04	0.22	0.0325	下调Down
Novel00124^*	未知Unkown	86.66	525.25	0.16	1.30E-08	下调Down
Novel00164^*	未知Unkown	16.25	125.68	0.13	0.0481	下调Down
Novel00165^*	未知Unkown	2.21	62.63	0.04	0.0001	下调Down
Novel00181^*	铁还原氧化酶8,线粒体 Ferric reduction oxidase 8,mitochondrial	738.48	2 014.56	0.37	0.0023	下调Down
Novel00379^*	未知 Unkown	19.31	114.75	0.17	0.0024	下调Down
Novel00435^*	类组氨酸激酶CKI1-like Histidine kinase CKI1-like	902.48	2 282.27	0.40	0.0316	下调Down
Novel00455^*	热激蛋白HSP90.7 Heat shock protein HSP90.7	179.97	815.13	0.22	0.0061	下调Down

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Formation Mechanism of Floral Color of Lotus‘Dasajin’with Bicolor Petal

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