Comparison of Sterilization Methods for Kiwifruit Pollen and Its Effect on Fruit Quality

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0329

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 769-777.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0329

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Comparison of Sterilization Methods for Kiwifruit Pollen and Its Effect on Fruit Quality

LI Li, FENG Dandan, PAN Hui, LI Wenyi, DENG Lei, WANG Zupeng, ZHONG Caihong^*()

CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology,Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China

Received:2021-11-11 Revised:2022-03-15 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-24
Contact: ZHONG Caihong E-mail:zhongch@wbgcas.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Pollen has been proved to be one of the main pathways for long-distance transmission of kiwifruit bacterial canker（Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae,Psa）. Five physical sterilize methods including ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation,ozone,UV,microwave,water-bath heating（35,50,80,100 ℃）,and eight chemical sterilize methods including ClO₂,ethylicin,tetramycin,kasugamycin,cuprous oxide,amobam,zhongshengmycin and sliver nanoparticles were applied to analyze the effect to kiwifruit pollen. The index of Psa sterilization rate,pollen viability,fruit setting rate,single fruit weight and fruit quality were analyzed. The results showed that the sterilization rate and pollen viability of partial treatments are relatively low,such as UV,microwave,water-bath heating,ethylicin,tetramycin,kasugamycin and amobam solution. Other treatments caused the index including fruit setting rate,single fruit weight,size,fruit firmness,soluble solids,dry matter,vitamin C,soluble sugar and titratable acid content decreased significantly,such as ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation,ClO₂,cuprous oxide,Zhongshengmycin and sliver nanoparticles. The optimum disinfection method is ozone with concentration of 642.85 mg · m^-3 for 1 h,the Psa sterilization rate reached 99.52% while the decline rate of pollen viability was merely declined 2.92%. The fruit setting rate,fruit firmness,vitamin C,soluble sugar and titratable acid,single fruit weight,size,dry matter and soluble solids index decreased slightly without significant difference. Comprehensive analysis the cost,operability and environmental protection factors,ozone technology can be regarded as the most effective and safe method for kiwifruit pollen sterilization.

Key words: kiwifruit, bacterial canker, pollen, sterilization method, sterilization rate, viability, fruit quality

CLC Number:

S663.4

LI Li, FENG Dandan, PAN Hui, LI Wenyi, DENG Lei, WANG Zupeng, ZHONG Caihong. Comparison of Sterilization Methods for Kiwifruit Pollen and Its Effect on Fruit Quality[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(4): 769-777.

Figures/Tables 4

References 25

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灭菌方法 Sterilize method	剂量 Parameter	灭菌率/% Sterilization	花粉活力下降/% Pollen viability decline
⁶⁰Co-γ/Gray	400	81.32 ± 2.59 ab	2.45 ± 1.15 a
	600	91.89 ± 1.45 a	3.78 ± 0.87 ab
	800	98.35 ± 0.12 a	4.23 ± 0.49 ab
	1 000	99.50 ± 0.11 a	3.50 ± 2.76 a
	1 200	97.50 ± 0.42 a	3.96 ± 0.99 ab
	1 400	97.96 ± 0.11 a	4.38 ± 0.51 ab
	1 600	98.65 ± 0.18 a	10.91 ± 1.61 b
O₃/（mg · m^-3,h）	107.14,0.5	89.76 ± 0.65 a	4.25 ± 2.28 ab
	107.14,1	91.54 ± 0.59 a	5.48 ± 1.47 ab
	321.42,0.5	93.58 ± 0.51 a	4.76 ± 0.37 ab
	321.42,1	94.89 ± 0.24 a	5.39 ± 1.64 ab
	642.85,0.5	96.47 ± 0.27 a	3.73 ± 2.53 a
	642.85,1	99.52 ± 0.11 a	2.92 ± 3.48 a
UV/（W,h）	20,24	58.65 ± 11.46 c	33.91 ± 3.13 c
微波/（W,s）Microwave	700,90	63.61 ± 2.03 bc	7.99 ± 3.62 ab
水浴/（℃,min）Water-bath	35,1 320	17.36 ± 8.37 d	4.77 ± 3.52 ab
	50,15	62.19 ± 8.43 c	8.12 ± 0.78 ab
	50,30	71.68 ± 4.26 bc	9.46 ± 2.11 ab
	50,45	65.88 ± 7.23 bc	9.53 ± 1.72 ab
	50,60	61.09 ± 9.23 bc	7.71 ± 2.84 ab
	80,3	99.79 ± 0.02 a	100.00 d
	100,3	98.86 ± 0.30 a	100.00 d

灭菌方法 Sterilize method	剂量 Parameter	灭菌率/% Sterilization	花粉活力下降/% Pollen viability decline
⁶⁰Co-γ/Gray	400	81.32 ± 2.59 ab	2.45 ± 1.15 a
	600	91.89 ± 1.45 a	3.78 ± 0.87 ab
	800	98.35 ± 0.12 a	4.23 ± 0.49 ab
	1 000	99.50 ± 0.11 a	3.50 ± 2.76 a
	1 200	97.50 ± 0.42 a	3.96 ± 0.99 ab
	1 400	97.96 ± 0.11 a	4.38 ± 0.51 ab
	1 600	98.65 ± 0.18 a	10.91 ± 1.61 b
O₃/（mg · m^-3,h）	107.14,0.5	89.76 ± 0.65 a	4.25 ± 2.28 ab
	107.14,1	91.54 ± 0.59 a	5.48 ± 1.47 ab
	321.42,0.5	93.58 ± 0.51 a	4.76 ± 0.37 ab
	321.42,1	94.89 ± 0.24 a	5.39 ± 1.64 ab
	642.85,0.5	96.47 ± 0.27 a	3.73 ± 2.53 a
	642.85,1	99.52 ± 0.11 a	2.92 ± 3.48 a
UV/（W,h）	20,24	58.65 ± 11.46 c	33.91 ± 3.13 c
微波/（W,s）Microwave	700,90	63.61 ± 2.03 bc	7.99 ± 3.62 ab
水浴/（℃,min）Water-bath	35,1 320	17.36 ± 8.37 d	4.77 ± 3.52 ab
	50,15	62.19 ± 8.43 c	8.12 ± 0.78 ab
	50,30	71.68 ± 4.26 bc	9.46 ± 2.11 ab
	50,45	65.88 ± 7.23 bc	9.53 ± 1.72 ab
	50,60	61.09 ± 9.23 bc	7.71 ± 2.84 ab
	80,3	99.79 ± 0.02 a	100.00 d
	100,3	98.86 ± 0.30 a	100.00 d

化学药剂（厂家） Chemical agent	时间/min Time	灭菌率/% Sterilization	花粉活力下降/% Pollen viability decline
3%中生菌素800×（福建凯立） Zhongshengmycin	15	100.00 ± 0.00 a	49.33 ± 4.28 g
	30	100.00 ± 0.00 a	20.56 ± 0.56 e
	45	100.00 ± 0.00 a	33.77 ± 2.65 f
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	9.25 ± 3.01 abc
80%乙蒜素3 000×（美国杜邦） Ethylicin	15	99.87 ± 0.05 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	30	99.94 ± 0.01 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	45	98.98 ± 0.33 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
0.15%四霉素600×（辽宁微科） Tetramycin	15	96.79 ± 0.55 a	3.15 ± 4.45 ab
	30	96.94 ± 1.47 a	6.82 ± 2.45 abc
	45	100.00 ± 0.00 a	6.45 ± 2.91 abc
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	11.70 ± 1.18 bcd
0.15 mmol · L^-1 ClO₂缓释剂（山东华实） Chlorine dioxide	15	99.99 ± 0.00 a	2.98 ± 2.33 ab
	30	100.00 ± 0.00 a	4.43 ± 1.97 ab
	45	100.00 ± 0.00 a	6.25 ± 2.59 abc
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	9.68 ± 3.68 abc
45%代森铵150×（湖北双吉） Amobam	15	34.56 ± 1.08 cd	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	30	60.00 ± 2.57 b	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	45	61.08 ± 16.82 b	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	60	80.76 ± 1.38 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
86.2%氧化亚铜1 000×（挪威劳道克斯） Cuprous oxide	15	79.44 ± 1.08 a	5.68 ± 3.27 ab
	30	85.11 ± 2.30 a	5.58 ± 4.49 ab
	45	99.10 ± 0.86 a	7.66 ± 2.97 abc
	60	99.27 ± 11.44 a	19.12 ± 2.13 de
5 nm 0.2%纳米银（Nano Composix） Sliver nanoparticles	15	45.17 ± 8.72 bc	3.58 ± 1.26 ab
	30	80.35 ± 2.24 a	3.18 ± 2.27 ab
	45	99.98 ± 0.00 a	9.42 ± 2.90 abc
	60	99.99 ± 0.00 a	19.86 ± 2.80 de
2%春雷霉素500×（华北爱诺） Kasugamycin	15	22.43 ± 4.15 de	9.26 ± 1.17 abc
	30	21.18 ± 19.53 de	11.50 ± 3.15 bcd
	45	21.65 ± 9.43 de	14.78 ± 6.72 cde
	60	60.14 ± 12.73 b	16.82 ± 2.75 cde

化学药剂（厂家） Chemical agent	时间/min Time	灭菌率/% Sterilization	花粉活力下降/% Pollen viability decline
3%中生菌素800×（福建凯立） Zhongshengmycin	15	100.00 ± 0.00 a	49.33 ± 4.28 g
	30	100.00 ± 0.00 a	20.56 ± 0.56 e
	45	100.00 ± 0.00 a	33.77 ± 2.65 f
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	9.25 ± 3.01 abc
80%乙蒜素3 000×（美国杜邦） Ethylicin	15	99.87 ± 0.05 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	30	99.94 ± 0.01 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	45	98.98 ± 0.33 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
0.15%四霉素600×（辽宁微科） Tetramycin	15	96.79 ± 0.55 a	3.15 ± 4.45 ab
	30	96.94 ± 1.47 a	6.82 ± 2.45 abc
	45	100.00 ± 0.00 a	6.45 ± 2.91 abc
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	11.70 ± 1.18 bcd
0.15 mmol · L^-1 ClO₂缓释剂（山东华实） Chlorine dioxide	15	99.99 ± 0.00 a	2.98 ± 2.33 ab
	30	100.00 ± 0.00 a	4.43 ± 1.97 ab
	45	100.00 ± 0.00 a	6.25 ± 2.59 abc
	60	100.00 ± 0.00 a	9.68 ± 3.68 abc
45%代森铵150×（湖北双吉） Amobam	15	34.56 ± 1.08 cd	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	30	60.00 ± 2.57 b	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	45	61.08 ± 16.82 b	100.00 ± 0.00 h
	60	80.76 ± 1.38 a	100.00 ± 0.00 h
86.2%氧化亚铜1 000×（挪威劳道克斯） Cuprous oxide	15	79.44 ± 1.08 a	5.68 ± 3.27 ab
	30	85.11 ± 2.30 a	5.58 ± 4.49 ab
	45	99.10 ± 0.86 a	7.66 ± 2.97 abc
	60	99.27 ± 11.44 a	19.12 ± 2.13 de
5 nm 0.2%纳米银（Nano Composix） Sliver nanoparticles	15	45.17 ± 8.72 bc	3.58 ± 1.26 ab
	30	80.35 ± 2.24 a	3.18 ± 2.27 ab
	45	99.98 ± 0.00 a	9.42 ± 2.90 abc
	60	99.99 ± 0.00 a	19.86 ± 2.80 de
2%春雷霉素500×（华北爱诺） Kasugamycin	15	22.43 ± 4.15 de	9.26 ± 1.17 abc
	30	21.18 ± 19.53 de	11.50 ± 3.15 bcd
	45	21.65 ± 9.43 de	14.78 ± 6.72 cde
	60	60.14 ± 12.73 b	16.82 ± 2.75 cde

灭菌方法 Sterilize method	坐果率/% Fruit setting rate	单果质量/g Single fruit weight	横径/mm Fruit horizontal diameter	侧径/mm Fruit lateral diameter
物理对照Physical control	96.91 ± 6.35 a	107.06 ± 2.17 b	59.28 ± 0.57bc	47.76 ± 0.38ab
⁶⁰Co-γ 1 000 Gray	89.65 ± 3.25 ab	69.78 ± 1.84 d	51.63 ± 0.55f	42.14 ± 0.34d
O₃ 642.85 mg · m^-3 60 min	95.85 ± 1.95 a	120.93 ± 5.26 a	61.59 ± 1.02ab	49.48 ± 0.85a
化学对照Chemical control	91.99 ± 2.66 a	118.10 ± 4.59 a	62.16 ± 1.30a	48.06 ± 0.52ab
中生菌素Zhongshengmycin 3% 800× 60 min	88.79 ± 3.37 ab	87.76 ± 2.78 c	55.41 ± 0.79de	46.24 ± 0.51bc
ClO₂0.15 mmol · L^-145 min	91.62 ± 3.00 a	78.70 ± 3.10 cd	54.65 ± 0.91e	45.31 ± 0.46c
纳米银Sliver nanoparticles 0.2% 45 min	86.92 ± 2.45 ab	87.62 ± 3.21 c	56.14 ± 1.03de	46.07 ± 0.90bc
氧化亚铜Cuprous oxide 86.2% 1 000× 45 min	73.51 ± 7.00 b	102.01 ± 3.42 b	57.78 ± 0.63cd	47.70 ± 0.59ab
灭菌方法 Sterilize method	纵径/mm Fruit vertical diameter	硬度/（kg · cm^-2） Fruit firmness	干物质/% Dry matter content	可溶性固形物/°Brix Soluble solids
物理对照Physical control	66.72 ± 0.86b	16.42 ± 0.32a	20.91 ± 0.10a	7.35 ± 0.17bc
⁶⁰Co-γ 1 000 Gray	57.81 ± 0.65e	14.32 ± 0.35b	18.33 ± 0.08cd	6.76 ± 0.17bc
O₃ 642.85 mg · m^-3 60 min	71.89 ± 1.58a	13.87 ± 0.60b	20.82 ± 0.33a	8.15 ± 0.48a
化学对照Chemical control	71.12 ± 1.33a	16.78 ± 0.34a	18.87 ± 0.11c	7.52 ± 0.14b
中生菌素Zhongshengmycin 3% 800× 60 min	63.06 ± 0.95bc	13.98 ± 0.53b	18.35 ± 0.16cd	6.79 ± 0.45bc
ClO₂0.15 mmol · L^-145 min	56.83 ± 0.97e	14.25 ± 0.28b	17.87 ± 0.20d	7.51 ± 0.19b
纳米银Sliver nanoparticles 0.2% 45 min	61.98 ± 1.14d	13.51 ± 0.35b	17.84 ± 0.20d	6.48 ± 0.15c
氧化亚铜Cuprous oxide 86.2% 1 000× 45 min	63.93 ± 1.24bc	13.33 ± 0.66b	18.14 ± 0.58cd	7.06 ± 0.34bc

Comparison of Sterilization Methods for Kiwifruit Pollen and Its Effect on Fruit Quality

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灭菌方法 Sterilize method	可溶性固形物/°Brix Soluble solids	维生素C/（mg · g^-1） Vitamin C	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	可滴定酸/% Ascorbic acid
物理对照Physical control	16.25 ± 0.36 ab	1.35 ± 0.03 a	13.02 ± 0.23 a	1.38 ± 0.06 a
⁶⁰Co-γ 1 000 Gray	16.13 ± 0.49 ab	1.02 ± 0.04 d	12.49 ± 0.71 a	1.37 ± 0.07 a
O₃ 642.85 mg · m^-3 60 min	16.63 ± 0.67 a	1.25 ± 0.03 bc	12.55 ± 0.15 a	1.31 ± 0.04 a
化学对照Chemical control	15.34 ± 0.42 b	1.32 ± 0.03 ab	12.41 ± 0.79 a	1.32 ± 0.10 a
中生菌素Zhongshengmycin 3% 800× 60 min	14.93 ± 0.35 bc	1.13 ± 0.01 cd	8.57 ± 0.71 b	1.13 ± 0.08 b
ClO₂0.15 mmol · L^-145 min	15.07 ± 0.56 b	1.31 ± 0.05 ab	12.36 ± 0.97 a	1.24 ± 0.04 ab
纳米银Sliver nanoparticles 0.2% 45 min	13.30 ± 0.45 d	1.21 ± 0.05 bc	11.23 ± 0.71 ab	1.23 ± 0.04 ab
氧化亚铜Cuprous oxide 86.2% 1 000× 45 min	14.83 ± 0.38 bc	1.23 ± 0.04 bc	10.95 ± 0.39 ab	1.12 ± 0.02 b

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