Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0066

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 395-406.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0066

• Research Notes • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

PAN Fengbing¹, CHEN Ran¹, JIANG Weitao¹, WANG Haiyan¹, LÜ Yi², SHEN Xiang¹, CHEN Xuesen¹, YIN Chengmiao¹^,^*(), MAO Zhiquan¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China
²Weihai Acedemy of Agricultural Sciences,Weihai,Shandong 264200,China

Received:2021-02-14 Revised:2021-05-13 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-02-28
Contact: YIN Chengmiao,MAO Zhiquan E-mail:yinchengmiao@163.com;mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the feasibility of different material protein fermentation products to alleviate apple replant disease. A pot experiment was conducted using Malus hupehensis seedlings as the test material,and five treatments（replanted orchard soil（control）,sterilized replanted orchard soil,earthworm fermentation product,soybean meal fermentation product,waste fish fermentation product）were set up. The total amount of soil microorganisms,the number of harmful fungi,soil enzyme activities,the content of soil phenolic acids,the biomass of Malus hupehensis seedlings and the related indexes of plant roots were determined. The results showed that protein fermentation products of three different materials could effectively increase the number of bacteria,reduce the number of fungi and changed the fungal community structure in replanted soil. Among them,earthworm fermentation product had the best effect on reducing harmful fungi,Fusarium oxysporum,F. proliferatum,F. solani and F. moniliforme decreased by 59.2%,52.0%,64.9% and 67.1%,respectively,compared with replanted orchard soil（control）. Three different fermentation products also increased soil enzyme activity and decreased the content of phenolic acids in replanted soil. The plant biomass of earthworm fermentation product treatment was significantly higher than that of replanted orchard soil（control）treatment,and the plant dry weight increased by 90.22%. The fermentation products also promoted the growth of plant roots,the root antioxidant enzymes and the root respiration rate. Among them,earthworm fermentation product had the most significant effect. The total fine root length,total fine root surface area,root volume and root tip number of earthworm fermentation product were increased by 147.21%,225.87%,299.85% and 291.03% compared with replanted orchard soil（control）,respectively. SOD,POD,CAT and the root respiration rate were increased by 46.90%,133.94%,197.69% and 113.23% compared with replanted orchard soil（control）,respectively. In summary,the fermentation products of different protein materials can alleviate the damage of replant disease to young apple trees in varying degrees by adjusting the microbial community structure,improving the replanted soil environment,and promoting plant growth. Comprehensive consideration of various indicators,the effect of earthworm fermentation products is the most significant.

Key words: apple, replant disease, protein, fermentation, soil biological environment

CLC Number:

S661.1

PAN Fengbing, CHEN Ran, JIANG Weitao, WANG Haiyan, LÜ Yi, SHEN Xiang, CHEN Xuesen, YIN Chengmiao, MAO Zhiquan. Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(2): 395-406.

Figures/Tables 9

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处理 Treatment	基因拷贝数Gene copies
处理 Treatment	尖孢镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸copies · g^-1） Fusarium oxysporum	层出镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. proliferatum	腐皮镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸ copies · g^-1） F. solani	串珠镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. moniliforme
连作土（对照）Control	9.33 ± 0.50 a	6.69 ± 0.38 a	11.39 ± 0.68 a	11.81 ± 0.71 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	3.04 ± 0.24 c	1.98 ± 0.26 d	2.86 ± 0.38 c	2.69 ± 0.17 c
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	3.81 ± 0.25 c	3.21 ± 0.31 c	4.00 ± 0.15 c	3.89 ± 0.31 c
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	7.16 ± 0.18 b	4.57 ± 0.28 b	7.76 ± 0.35 b	6.79 ± 0.27 b
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	6.58 ± 0.24 b	4.10 ± 0.09 b	6.59 ± 0.24 b	7.47 ± 0.33 b

处理 Treatment	基因拷贝数Gene copies
处理 Treatment	尖孢镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸copies · g^-1） Fusarium oxysporum	层出镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. proliferatum	腐皮镰孢菌/ （× 10⁸ copies · g^-1） F. solani	串珠镰孢菌/ （× 10³copies · g^-1） F. moniliforme
连作土（对照）Control	9.33 ± 0.50 a	6.69 ± 0.38 a	11.39 ± 0.68 a	11.81 ± 0.71 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	3.04 ± 0.24 c	1.98 ± 0.26 d	2.86 ± 0.38 c	2.69 ± 0.17 c
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	3.81 ± 0.25 c	3.21 ± 0.31 c	4.00 ± 0.15 c	3.89 ± 0.31 c
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	7.16 ± 0.18 b	4.57 ± 0.28 b	7.76 ± 0.35 b	6.79 ± 0.27 b
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	6.58 ± 0.24 b	4.10 ± 0.09 b	6.59 ± 0.24 b	7.47 ± 0.33 b

处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao指数 Chao index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
连作土（对照）Control	563.55 ± 14.76 a	563.54 ± 14.65 a	0.04 ± 0.002 b	4.05 ± 0.06 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	428.15 ± 25.97 b	434.14 ± 28.88 b	0.21 ± 0.079 a	2.66 ± 0.31 b
蚯蚓发酵物Earthworm fermentation products	570.63 ± 8.95 a	579.66 ± 8.98 a	0.04 ± 0.001 b	4.17 ± 0.03 a
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	530.05 ± 6.92 a	534.59 ± 7.87 a	0.04 ± 0.003 b	4.10 ± 0.04 a
杂鱼发酵物Waste fish fermentation products	463.91 ± 13.21 b	460.43 ± 13.69 b	0.13 ± 0.014 ab	3.61 ± 0.16 b

处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao指数 Chao index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
连作土（对照）Control	563.55 ± 14.76 a	563.54 ± 14.65 a	0.04 ± 0.002 b	4.05 ± 0.06 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	428.15 ± 25.97 b	434.14 ± 28.88 b	0.21 ± 0.079 a	2.66 ± 0.31 b
蚯蚓发酵物Earthworm fermentation products	570.63 ± 8.95 a	579.66 ± 8.98 a	0.04 ± 0.001 b	4.17 ± 0.03 a
大豆粕发酵物Soybean meal fermentation products	530.05 ± 6.92 a	534.59 ± 7.87 a	0.04 ± 0.003 b	4.10 ± 0.04 a
杂鱼发酵物Waste fish fermentation products	463.91 ± 13.21 b	460.43 ± 13.69 b	0.13 ± 0.014 ab	3.61 ± 0.16 b

处理 Treatment	酚酸类物质含量/（mg · kg^-1 dry soil） Phenolic compounds
处理 Treatment	根皮苷 Phlorizin	根皮素Phloretin	阿魏酸 Ferulic Acid	苯甲酸Benzoic acid
连作土（对照）Control	3.47 ± 0.06 a	2.21 ± 0.10 a	2.16 ± 0.25 a	3.77 ± 0.02 a
灭菌土 Sterile soil	1.64 ± 0.06 d	0.43 ± 0.02 c	1.68 ± 0.08 b	0.54 ± 0.01 d
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	1.37 ± 0.08 e	0.48 ± 0.03 c	1.07 ± 0.20 c	0.85 ± 0.03 cd
大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	2.23 ± 0.03 c	0.75 ± 0.08 b	0.93 ± 0.15 c	1.16 ± 0.04 c
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	2.54 ± 0.02 b	0.57 ± 0.07 c	1.35 ± 0.27 bc	1.60 ± 0.23 b

Effects of Different Material Protein Fermentation Products on Apple Replanted Soil Microbial Environment and the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

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时间 Time	处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	地径/cm Ground diameter	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
2019	连作土（对照）Control	37.47 ± 2.58 c	5.39 ± 0.18 d	21.43 ± 1.25 c	10.22 ± 0.87 c
	灭菌土Sterile soil	65.53 ± 7.57 a	8.85 ± 0.41 a	75.50 ± 4.90 a	32.99 ± 2.40 a
	蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	51.37 ± 0.95 b	7.13 ± 0.24 b	45.40 ± 3.12 b	19.44 ± 2.22 b
	大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	42.43 ± 7.16 bc	6.88 ± 0.27 bc	32.53 ± 3.82 c	14.62 ± 2.23 bc
	杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	41.37 ± 3.25 c	6.18 ± 0.14 cd	27.10 ± 3.21 c	10.85 ± 0.98 c
2020	连作土（对照）Control	50.10 ± 1.37 d	6.37 ± 0.12 d	46.90 ± 1.69 c	20.54 ± 1.08 cd
	灭菌土Sterile soil	89.57 ± 0.54 a	10.07 ± 0.05 a	102.81 ± 5.79 a	43.19 ± 3.41 a
	蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	82.50 ± 1.80 b	9.11 ± 0.24 b	78.47 ± 1.64 b	33.00 ± 0.52 b
	大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	71.20 ± 2.27 c	8.23 ± 0.28 c	74.43 ± 2.76 b	28.08 ± 0.79 bc
	杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	67.67 ± 2.07 c	7.76 ± 0.11 c	68.39 ± 2.25 b	25.68 ± 0.29 c

处理 Treatment	总根长/cm Total fine root length	表面积/cm² Total fine root surface area	根体积/cm³ Total fine root volume	根尖数 Fine root tip number
连作土（对照）Control	1 227.13 ± 27.58 d	323.59 ± 29.38 d	6.47 ± 0.85 d	2 901.30 ± 336.16 d
灭菌土 Sterile soil	3 928.21 ± 159.49 a	1 377.04 ± 133.17 a	34.12 ± 3.08 a	16 175.67 ± 2 118.52 a
蚯蚓发酵物 Earthworm fermentation products	3 033.54 ± 476.96 b	1 054.47 ± 46.23 b	25.87 ± 2.10 b	11 345.00 ± 1 144.84 b
大豆粕发酵物 Soybean meal fermentation products	2 157.90 ± 138.20 c	518.18 ± 19.39 d	13.45 ± 1.56 c	7 038.67 ± 1 038.84 c
杂鱼发酵物 Waste fish fermentation products	2 292.67 ± 77.50 bc	821.10 ± 21.54 c	25.67 ± 1.21 b	8 114.33 ± 799.70 bc

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