Abstract:

Recent proteomics investigations have provided important information for in-depth understanding the molecular mechanisms of spinach growth and stress response for spinach. By integrative analysis of spinach proteomics research results，we revealed the regulatory mechanism of spinach organelles development，as well as in response to iron，cadmium，salinity，and sulfide stresses，including that（i）the degradation of chloroplast RNA was regulated by MgCl₂-independent endonuclease and MgCl₂-dependent endonucleases in the dark；（ii）SWI/SNF complex B（SWIB）domain-containing plastid nucleoid-associated protein（ptNAP），Myb-related transcription factor SANT superfamily（MRTF），jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3（JERF3），β-catenin（armadillo/b-catenin），and RecF/RecN/SMC domain-containing protein involved in the regulation of the compaction of chloroplastnucleoids；（iii）thioredoxin（Trx） regulated the functions of chloroplast and mitochondria by adjusting the redox state of their proteins；（iv）peroxidases were involved in antioxidant systems，the photorespiratory C2 cycle，fatty acid β-oxidation，the glyoxylate cycle，jasmonic acid and phylloquinone synthesis；（v）the PS I in spinach leaves was highly sensitive to iron deficiency，and spinach could adapt to iron deficiency by adjusting the dynamic equilibrium of PS Ⅱ antenna；（vi）the basal leaves of spinach had a positive response to cadmium stress and they prevented Cd²⁺ spreading to apical leaves through the accumulation of phytochelatins，while the photosynthesis and energy metabolism were increased in the apical leaves to provide sufficient energy for the whole plants；（vii）the photosynthesis and energy metabolism，as well as the biosynthesis of ethylene and jasmonic acid were all enhanced in response to hydrogen sulfide stress.

Key words: Spinacia oleracea, development, stress response, proteomics