水分亏缺对设施基质栽培番茄果实蔗糖和淀粉代谢的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0691

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以高糖番茄品种‘181’和普通番茄品种‘毛粉802’为材料，在日光温室基质栽培条件下，设置4个水平的水分亏缺处理（充分供水对照，轻度、中度、重度水分亏缺），研究水分亏缺对绿熟期、转色期和成熟期果实糖组分、糖代谢相关酶活性和基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明，两个品种糖组分和淀粉含量在不同水分亏缺程度下的变化不同。中度水分亏缺可提高各个时期‘181’果糖和葡萄糖含量，而降低蔗糖和淀粉含量；重度水分亏缺显著提高‘毛粉802’的果糖和葡萄糖含量，而蔗糖含量随灌水量的减少而减少。成熟期‘181’和‘毛粉802’成熟期蔗糖合成酶（SS）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、α-淀粉酶（α-AYM）和β-淀粉酶（β-AYM）活性均随着灌水量的减少而增加，重度水分亏缺下两品种SS和SPS相对表达量在转色期和成熟期上调，绿熟期α-AYM和β-AYM在水分亏缺下也会上调。综上所述：设施基质栽培番茄适度水分亏缺可以促进蔗糖的分解和果糖、葡萄糖的生成，提高番茄的风味品质。

关键词: 番茄, 水分亏缺, 基质栽培, 糖代谢, 酶活性, 基因表达

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of sugar metabolism of tomato fruits under water deficiency cultivated in substrate. One of taste tomato cultivars‘181’and one of ordinary tomato cultivars‘Maofen 802’were selected as materials in this experiment. Four water treatment levels （full water supply，mild water deficit，moderate water deficit and severe water deficit）were set up to study the effects of water deficit on sugar components，enzyme activities and relative gene expression in tomato fruits related to sugar metabolism at green ripening stage，color turning stage and mature stage under substrate cultivation in solar greenhouse. The results showed that the response of sugar component and starch content to water deficit was different between the two cultivars. Moderate water deficit could increase the fructose and glucose contents of‘181’while decrease sucrose and starch content of‘181’at every stage. Severe water deficit could increase the fructose and glucose contents of‘Maofen 802’and the sucrose content decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount. The activities of sucrose synthetase （SS），sucrose phosphate synthetase（SPS），α-Amylase（α-AYM）and β-Amylase（β-AYM）in tomato ‘181’and‘Maofen 802’at maturity increased with the decrease of irrigation amount，and the activities were the highest under severe water deficit. Under severe water deficit，the relative expression levels of SS gene and SPS gene of the two tomato cultivars were up-regulated during color turning stage and mature stage. The α-AYM and β-AYM gene expression levels were up-regulated in green ripe stage under the water deficit. To sum up，moderate water deficit can promote the decomposition of sucrose and the production of fructose and glucose of substrate-grown tomatoes in greenhouse，ultimately improve the flavor quality of tomatoes.

Key words: tomato, water deficit, substrate culture, glucose metabolism, enzyme activity, gene expression

崔一琼, 李菊, 刘晓奇, 王俊文, 唐中祺, 武玥, 肖雪梅, 郁继华. 水分亏缺对设施基质栽培番茄果实蔗糖和淀粉代谢的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(11): 2607-2619.

CUI Yiqiong, LI Ju, LIU Xiaoqi, WANG Junwen, TANG Zhongqi, WU Yue, XIAO Xuemei, YU Jihua. Effects of Water Deficiency on Sucrose and Starch Metabolism of Substrate Culture Tomato in Greenhouse[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(11): 2607-2619.

图/表 7

表1 不同处理灌水量

Table 1 Irrigation amount of different treatments

水分亏缺 Water deficiency	处理 Treatment	每槽每次灌水量/L Irrigation amount per plot per time	总灌水量/（L · m^-2） Total irrigation amount（L · m^-2）
对照Control（CK）	75% ~ 90%田间最大持水量 75%-90% field moisture capacity	72.41	24.18
轻度 Mild water deficit	80% CK	57.93	19.90
中度 Moderate water deficit	60% CK	43.45	15.61
重度 Severe water deficit	40% CK	28.96	11.32

表2 引物序列及GenBank登录号

Table 2 Primer sequences and GenBank accession number

基因 Gene	序列号 Accession number	引物（5′-3′） Primer pair
Actin	NM_001321306.1	F：TGTCCCTATCTACGAGGGTTATGC；R：AGTTAAATCACGACCAGCAAGAT
SPS	NM_001246991.2	F：TATTCGTCCTTCCATTCTGA；R：GTCTTCATCCTCAACAACAA
SS	XM_019211274.2	F：GCTCAAGGACAGGACTAA；R：GCTCATACATCTTCTTCATCTC
AI	NM_001247914.2	F：CGGAATTGGATTGTGGAAT；R：CAGGTCAGCAGATTCACT
NI	XM_004230281.4	F：GCGTATAATCACTGGTAGC；R：GAATCCACTGCCTTCTTAG
α-Amylase	XM_004238109.4	F：GAAGAGTTATGGAGATTGAAGG；R：CTGGATGAGTAAGAATGTATGC
β-Amylase	NM_001247627.2	F：GCTCCGTTATCCATCCTAT；R：CACCACCTTCCTTCTTGA

图1 ‘181’和‘毛粉802’番茄轻、中、重度水分亏缺处理对果实中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量的影响不同小写字母表示相同时期处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

Fig. 1 Effect of mild，moderate and severe water deficit on content of fructose，glucose，sucrose and starch in tomato fruits of‘181’and‘Maofen 802’ Lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments in the same period（P < 0.05）. The same below.

图2 ‘181’和‘毛粉802’番茄轻、中、重度水分亏缺处理对果实中蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of mild，moderate and severe water deficit on activity of enzymes related to sucrose metabolism in tomato fruit of‘181’and‘Maofen 802’

图3 ‘181’和‘毛粉802’番茄轻、中、重度水分亏缺处理对果实中蔗糖代谢相关基因表达量的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of mild，moderate and severe water deficit on expression of Sucrose metabolizing enzyme related genes in tomato fruit of‘181’and‘Maofen 802’

图4 ‘181’和‘毛粉802’番茄轻、中、重度水分亏缺处理对果实中淀粉代谢相关酶活性的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of mild，moderate and severe water deficit on enzyme activities related to starch metabolism in tomato fruit of‘181’and‘Maofen 802’

图5 ‘181’和‘毛粉802’番茄轻、中、重度水分亏缺处理对果实中淀粉代谢相关基因表达的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of mild，moderate and severe water deficit on expression of genes related to starch metabolism in tomato fruit of‘181’and‘Maofen 802’

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