番茄心室数的调控机制研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0449

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

番茄的心室数与畸形果的发生率密切相关，心室数越多，果实越大，越容易产生畸形果。在设施番茄冬春茬生产中常产生多心室畸形果，严重影响番茄品质和经济效益。心室由心皮发育而来，心皮数决定心室数，心皮数由花分生组织的大小决定，分生组织的分裂和分化对于番茄心室数十分重要。本文主要从位点、基因、温度、光照、营养物质、植物激素等方面综述了影响番茄心室数的相关因素研究进展，旨在为番茄高效栽培和优质育种提供参考。

关键词: 番茄, 心室数, 茎尖分生组织, WUSCHEL基因, CLV3基因

Abstract:

The number of tomato locules is closely related to the incidence of malformed fruits. Increasing tomato locule number resulting larger fruit size but multi-locule fruit will develop to malformed fruits easily. Multi-locule malformed fruits often happening when tomato cultivated at horticultural facilities in winter and spring，which seriously affects the quality and economic benefits of tomato.The number of carpels determines the number of locules. The number of carpels is determined by the size of flower meristem. The division and differentiation of meristem is very important for the number of tomato locules. This review summarizes the progress of factors affecting the locule number of tomato were reviewed from the aspects of locus，genes，temperature，light，nutrients，plant hormones，in order to provide reference for efficient cultivation and quality breeding of tomato.

Key words: tomato, locule number, apical meristem, WUSCHEL, CLAVATA3

孟思达, 韩磊磊, 相恒佐, 朱美玉, 冯珍, 叶云珠, 孙美华, 李艳冰, 赵利萍, 谭昌华, 齐明芳, 李天来. 番茄心室数的调控机制研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(7): 1649-1664.

MENG Sida, HAN Leilei, XIANG Hengzuo, ZHU Meiyu, FENG Zhen, YE Yunzhu, SUN Meihua, LI Yanbing, ZHAO Liping, TAN Changhua, QI Mingfang, LI Tianlai. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Regulating the Number of Tomato Locules[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(7): 1649-1664.

图/表 6

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类型 Type	位点/基因号 Locus/gene number	功能 Function	作用机制 Mechanism	参考文献 Reference
QTL位点 Quantitative trait loci	lcn2.1/lc	两个SNP突变导致心室数增加 Two SNP mutations lead to an increase in locule number	CArG元件突变导致阻遏功能丧失，WUS表达升高，分生组织变大 The mutation of CArG element leads to the loss of repression function，the increase of WUS expression and the enlargement of meristem	Muños et al.，2011；van der Knaap et al.，2014； Rodriguez-Leal et al.，2017
	fw11.1/fas	fas位点内部发生294 kb的倒置，导致心室数增加 An inversion of 294 kb occurred in fas locus，resulting in an increase in locule number	SlCLV3转录水平变化，影响WUS-CLV3途径 The change of SlCLV3 transcription level affects WUS-CLV3 pathway	Cong et al.，2008；Xu et al.，2015
	fab	FAB编码CLV3受体激酶 CLV1，突变导致心室数增加 FAB encodes CLV3 receptor kinase CLV1，and mutation leads to an increase in locule number	SlCLV3转录水平变化，影响WUS-CLV3途径 The change of SlCLV3 transcription level affects WUS-CLV3 pathway	Xu et al.，2015
	fin	FIN编码一个对CLV3进行翻译后修饰的阿拉伯糖基转移酶 FIN encodes an arabinosyltrans- ferase that performs post-translational modification on CLV3	SlCLV3转录水平变化，影响WUS-CLV3途径 The change of SlCLV3 transcription level affects WUS-CLV3 pathway	Xu et al.，2015
	lcn3.1/eno	ENO位点突变使花分生组织变大，花器官数和果实心室数增加 ENO locus mutation makes the flower meristem bigger，and the number of flower organs and fruit locule increase	抑制WUS转录，影响WUS-CLV3途径 Inhibition of WUS transcription and influence of WUS-CLV3 pathway	Fernandez-Lozano et al.，2015；Yuste-Lisbona et al.，2020
转录因子 Transcription factor	Solyc02g083950	WUS沉默减少心室数 WUS silencing reduces the locule number	WUSCHEL是WUS-CLV3途径的核心成分，其表达量和表达区域直接影响分生组织分化 WUSCHEL is the core component of WUS-CLV3 pathway，and its expression level and expression region directly affect meristem differentiation	Li et al.，2017
	Solyc03g117230	ENO突变后，花分生组织增大，产生多心室果实 After the mutation of ENO，the flower meristem enlarged，resulting in multi-ventricular fruit	ENO可以直接结合WUSCHEL启动子上的GGC-box元件，从而直接调控WUSCHEL的表达区域和干细胞稳态 ENO can directly bind to GGC-box element on WUSCHEL promoter，thus directly regulating the expression region of WUS and stem cell homeostasis	Yuste-Lisbona et al.，2020
	Solyc10g076390	BES1.8的超表达导致茎尖分生组织增大并产生较多的花器官和心室数 Over-expression of BES1.8 leads to the enlargement of shoot apical meristem and more floral organs and locule number	BES1.8可以直接与WUS结合并抑制WUS结合到SlCLV3和下游基因的启动子上，影响WUS-CLV3途径 BES1.8 can directly bind to WUS and inhibit WUSCHEL binding to the promoters of SlCLV3 and downstream genes，affecting the WUS-CLV3 pathway	Su et al.，2022
	Solyc01g100050	SlTPL3的敲除影响番茄花和果实的发育，增加心室数 Knockout of SlTPL3 affected the development of tomato flowers and fruits，and increased locule number	SlTPL3和SlWUS的转录抑制模块负向调控SlPIN3以调节生长素的分布，同时正向调控SlGA2ox4以维持顶端分生组织中的低GA水平 Transcription inhibition modules of SlTPL3 and SlWUS negatively regulate SlPIN3 to regulate the distribution of auxin，while positively regulate SlGA2ox4 to maintain low GA level in apical meristem	Song et al.，2022
	Solyc02g087970	ima突变体果实心室数增加 The ima mutant fruit locule number increased	转录因子SlIMA可以通过与锌指蛋白家族转录因子SlKNU、转录共抑制子SlTPL1和组蛋白去乙酰化酶HAD19形成转录抑制复合物来抑制WUS的表达 Transcription factor SlIMA can inhibit the expression of WUS by forming a transcription inhibition complex with zinc finger protein family transcription factor SlKNU，transcription co-inhibitor SlTPL1 and histone deacetylase HAD19.	Bollier et al.，2018
其他 Else	Solyc11g071380	SlCLV3的敲除增加果实心室数 Knockout of SlCLV3 increased the fruit locule number	CLV3是一种小肽，与定位于质膜上的受体CLV1结合形成复合物启动下游级联反应抑制WUS表达 CLV3 is a small peptide，which combines with the receptor CLV1 located on the plasma membrane to form a complex to start the downstream cascade reaction and inhibit the expression of WUS	Schoof et al.，2000；Xu et al.，2015

类型 Type	位点/基因号 Locus/gene number	功能 Function	作用机制 Mechanism	参考文献 Reference
QTL位点 Quantitative trait loci	lcn2.1/lc	两个SNP突变导致心室数增加 Two SNP mutations lead to an increase in locule number	CArG元件突变导致阻遏功能丧失，WUS表达升高，分生组织变大 The mutation of CArG element leads to the loss of repression function，the increase of WUS expression and the enlargement of meristem	Muños et al.，2011；van der Knaap et al.，2014； Rodriguez-Leal et al.，2017
	fw11.1/fas	fas位点内部发生294 kb的倒置，导致心室数增加 An inversion of 294 kb occurred in fas locus，resulting in an increase in locule number	SlCLV3转录水平变化，影响WUS-CLV3途径 The change of SlCLV3 transcription level affects WUS-CLV3 pathway	Cong et al.，2008；Xu et al.，2015
	fab	FAB编码CLV3受体激酶 CLV1，突变导致心室数增加 FAB encodes CLV3 receptor kinase CLV1，and mutation leads to an increase in locule number	SlCLV3转录水平变化，影响WUS-CLV3途径 The change of SlCLV3 transcription level affects WUS-CLV3 pathway	Xu et al.，2015
	fin	FIN编码一个对CLV3进行翻译后修饰的阿拉伯糖基转移酶 FIN encodes an arabinosyltrans- ferase that performs post-translational modification on CLV3	SlCLV3转录水平变化，影响WUS-CLV3途径 The change of SlCLV3 transcription level affects WUS-CLV3 pathway	Xu et al.，2015
	lcn3.1/eno	ENO位点突变使花分生组织变大，花器官数和果实心室数增加 ENO locus mutation makes the flower meristem bigger，and the number of flower organs and fruit locule increase	抑制WUS转录，影响WUS-CLV3途径 Inhibition of WUS transcription and influence of WUS-CLV3 pathway	Fernandez-Lozano et al.，2015；Yuste-Lisbona et al.，2020
转录因子 Transcription factor	Solyc02g083950	WUS沉默减少心室数 WUS silencing reduces the locule number	WUSCHEL是WUS-CLV3途径的核心成分，其表达量和表达区域直接影响分生组织分化 WUSCHEL is the core component of WUS-CLV3 pathway，and its expression level and expression region directly affect meristem differentiation	Li et al.，2017
	Solyc03g117230	ENO突变后，花分生组织增大，产生多心室果实 After the mutation of ENO，the flower meristem enlarged，resulting in multi-ventricular fruit	ENO可以直接结合WUSCHEL启动子上的GGC-box元件，从而直接调控WUSCHEL的表达区域和干细胞稳态 ENO can directly bind to GGC-box element on WUSCHEL promoter，thus directly regulating the expression region of WUS and stem cell homeostasis	Yuste-Lisbona et al.，2020
	Solyc10g076390	BES1.8的超表达导致茎尖分生组织增大并产生较多的花器官和心室数 Over-expression of BES1.8 leads to the enlargement of shoot apical meristem and more floral organs and locule number	BES1.8可以直接与WUS结合并抑制WUS结合到SlCLV3和下游基因的启动子上，影响WUS-CLV3途径 BES1.8 can directly bind to WUS and inhibit WUSCHEL binding to the promoters of SlCLV3 and downstream genes，affecting the WUS-CLV3 pathway	Su et al.，2022
	Solyc01g100050	SlTPL3的敲除影响番茄花和果实的发育，增加心室数 Knockout of SlTPL3 affected the development of tomato flowers and fruits，and increased locule number	SlTPL3和SlWUS的转录抑制模块负向调控SlPIN3以调节生长素的分布，同时正向调控SlGA2ox4以维持顶端分生组织中的低GA水平 Transcription inhibition modules of SlTPL3 and SlWUS negatively regulate SlPIN3 to regulate the distribution of auxin，while positively regulate SlGA2ox4 to maintain low GA level in apical meristem	Song et al.，2022
	Solyc02g087970	ima突变体果实心室数增加 The ima mutant fruit locule number increased	转录因子SlIMA可以通过与锌指蛋白家族转录因子SlKNU、转录共抑制子SlTPL1和组蛋白去乙酰化酶HAD19形成转录抑制复合物来抑制WUS的表达 Transcription factor SlIMA can inhibit the expression of WUS by forming a transcription inhibition complex with zinc finger protein family transcription factor SlKNU，transcription co-inhibitor SlTPL1 and histone deacetylase HAD19.	Bollier et al.，2018
其他 Else	Solyc11g071380	SlCLV3的敲除增加果实心室数 Knockout of SlCLV3 increased the fruit locule number	CLV3是一种小肽，与定位于质膜上的受体CLV1结合形成复合物启动下游级联反应抑制WUS表达 CLV3 is a small peptide，which combines with the receptor CLV1 located on the plasma membrane to form a complex to start the downstream cascade reaction and inhibit the expression of WUS	Schoof et al.，2000；Xu et al.，2015