番茄自然群体磷利用效率分析及耐低磷种质筛选

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以蛭石为基质，通过营养液控制，在幼苗期对包括196份材料的番茄自然群体进行了正常磷浓度及其10%和1%（830、83和8.3 μmol · L^-1 HPO₄^2-）磷水平处理，并以幼苗地上部干、鲜质量、株高和叶绿素含量等指标为依据，对该自然群体进行了磷效率评估和耐低磷材料筛选。研究结果表明，地上部鲜质量和干质量在所检测指标中变异较大，材料间存在丰富的遗传变异。以低磷处理地上部鲜质量、干质量与正常磷处理的比值作为耐低磷评价指标，通过聚类分析，分别获得了1%磷水平下3个耐低磷番茄材料TS-653、yf4和pl1，和10%磷水平下3个耐低磷番茄材料TS-26、TS-643和TS-653，并分析了它们的相对磷含量以及地上部和地下部的磷含量比值。利用模糊隶属函数法计算各材料的磷效率综合值，基于散点图，筛选出在3个磷水平下均表现为高效的番茄种质TS-614。

关键词: 番茄, 种质资源, 耐低磷, 磷高效, 磷效率综合值

Abstract:

A natural population of tomato containing 196 accessions was treated with three levels of phosphorus including full nutrition（P，830 μmol · L^-1 HPO₄^2-），1% P（8.3 μmol · L^-1 HPO₄^2-）and 10% P（83 μmol · L^-1 HPO₄^2-）by nutrient solution at seedling stage using vermiculite as substrate. This natural population was evaluated for phosphorus efficiency and screened for low phosphorus tolerant accessions based on shoot dry weight，shoot fresh weight，plant height and chlorophyll content of seedlings. The results showed that both fresh and dry weights of the shoots exhibited a vast variation among the investigated indexes，indicating abundant genetic variation among these accessions. Using fresh weight ratio and dry weight ratio of shoot as evaluation indexes for low phosphorus tolerance，three accessions with low phosphorus tolerance at 1% P（TS-653，yf4 and pl1）and 10% P（TS-26，TS-643 and TS-653）were screened out，respectively，by cluster analysis，and the relative phosphorus contents as well as the ratios of shoot phosphorus contents to root phosphorus contents of these accessions were also analyzed. Phosphorus efficiency comprehensive value of all the accessions was calculated using the fuzzy membership function method. Based on scatter plots，the accession TS-614 was selected，which showed high efficiency under three phosphorus levels.

Key words: tomato, germplasm, low phosphorus tolerance, high phosphorus efficiency, phosphorus efficiency comprehensive value

李品, 甘宁, 陈家伟, 项思翔, 沈静漪, 欧阳波, 卢永恩. 番茄自然群体磷利用效率分析及耐低磷种质筛选[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(5): 993-1004.

LI Pin, GAN Ning, CHEN Jiawei, XIANG Sixiang, SHEN Jingyi, OUYANG Bo, LU Yong’en. Analysis of Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Natural Population of Tomato and Screening of Low Phosphorus Tolerant Germplasm[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 993-1004.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	地上部干质量/g Shoot dry weight			地上部鲜质量/g Shoot fresh weight			株高/cm Plant height
处理 Treatment	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV
正常磷 Normal P	0.07 ~ 5.51	1.10 ± 0.69 a	0.76	2.20 ~ 35.91	9.24 ± 6.43 a	0.65	14.00 ~ 63.00	32.60 ± 10.26 a	0.30
1%磷 1% P	0.06 ~ 0.91	0.40 ± 0.04 c	0.50	1.05 ~ 8.05	3.85 ± 1.52 b	0.38	8.67 ~ 37.33	19.50 ± 5.70 b	0.26
10%磷 10% P	0.11 ~ 2.92	0.64 ± 0.19 b	0.67	0.86 ~ 22.30	4.68 ± 3.38 b	0.66	8.00 ~ 48.00	20.00 ± 6.84 b	0.33
处理 Treatment	茎粗/mm Stem diameter			下胚轴长/cm Hypocotyl length			SPAD
处理 Treatment	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数CV
正常磷 Normal P	2.62 ~ 6.27	4.19 ± 0.49 a	0.17	1.50 ~ 10.80	5.13 ± 2.06 a	0.40	21.30 ~ 46.90	36.74 ± 4.86 a	0.14
1%磷 1% P	2.18 ~ 4.78	3.53 ± 0.26 c	0.14	1.00 ~ 7.80	3.64 ± 1.63 b	0.35	23.70 ~ 51.60	36.74 ± 5.35 a	0.14
10%磷 10% P	2.10 ~ 6.50	3.76 ± 0.49 b	0.19	1.50 ~ 11.50	5.50 ± 1.82 a	0.35	23.80 ~ 51.90	36.67 ± 5.83 a	0.16
处理 Treatment	叶绿素含量/（mg · L^-1）Chlorophyll content
处理 Treatment	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数CV
正常磷 Normal P	0.04 ~ 0.15	0.09 ± 0.00 a	0.22
1%磷 1% P	0.01 ~ 0.07	0.03 ± 0.00 b	0.33
10%磷 10% P	0.03 ~ 0.17	0.09 ± 0.00 a	0.33

处理 Treatment	地上部干质量/g Shoot dry weight			地上部鲜质量/g Shoot fresh weight			株高/cm Plant height
处理 Treatment	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV
正常磷 Normal P	0.07 ~ 5.51	1.10 ± 0.69 a	0.76	2.20 ~ 35.91	9.24 ± 6.43 a	0.65	14.00 ~ 63.00	32.60 ± 10.26 a	0.30
1%磷 1% P	0.06 ~ 0.91	0.40 ± 0.04 c	0.50	1.05 ~ 8.05	3.85 ± 1.52 b	0.38	8.67 ~ 37.33	19.50 ± 5.70 b	0.26
10%磷 10% P	0.11 ~ 2.92	0.64 ± 0.19 b	0.67	0.86 ~ 22.30	4.68 ± 3.38 b	0.66	8.00 ~ 48.00	20.00 ± 6.84 b	0.33
处理 Treatment	茎粗/mm Stem diameter			下胚轴长/cm Hypocotyl length			SPAD
处理 Treatment	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数 CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数CV	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数CV
正常磷 Normal P	2.62 ~ 6.27	4.19 ± 0.49 a	0.17	1.50 ~ 10.80	5.13 ± 2.06 a	0.40	21.30 ~ 46.90	36.74 ± 4.86 a	0.14
1%磷 1% P	2.18 ~ 4.78	3.53 ± 0.26 c	0.14	1.00 ~ 7.80	3.64 ± 1.63 b	0.35	23.70 ~ 51.60	36.74 ± 5.35 a	0.14
10%磷 10% P	2.10 ~ 6.50	3.76 ± 0.49 b	0.19	1.50 ~ 11.50	5.50 ± 1.82 a	0.35	23.80 ~ 51.90	36.67 ± 5.83 a	0.16
处理 Treatment	叶绿素含量/（mg · L^-1）Chlorophyll content
处理 Treatment	变幅 Range	均值 Average	变异系数CV
正常磷 Normal P	0.04 ~ 0.15	0.09 ± 0.00 a	0.22
1%磷 1% P	0.01 ~ 0.07	0.03 ± 0.00 b	0.33
10%磷 10% P	0.03 ~ 0.17	0.09 ± 0.00 a	0.33

指标 Index	1%磷主成分Principal component 1 2		权重 Weight	10%磷主成分Principal component 1 2		权重 Weight
鲜质量比值 Fresh weight ratio	0.940	0.171	21.148	0.901	0.055	19.596
株高比值 Plant height ratio	0.900	0.062	19.506	0.847	0.014	18.136
干质量比值 Dry weight ratio	0.856	0.061	18.565	0.817	-0.015	17.493
茎粗比值 Stem diameter ratio	0.854	-0.061	18.525	0.758	0.048	16.509
叶绿素含量比值Chlorophyll content ratio	-0.145	0.780	8.744	0.479	-0.267	12.298
SPAD比值SPAD ratio	0.277	0.514	9.621	0.118	0.777	8.661
下胚轴长度比值Hypocotyl length ratio	-0.027	-0.455	3.891	-0.095	0.667	7.306
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.285	1.089	—	3.022	1.126	—
方差贡献率 Variance contribution	46.489	16.005	—	43.175	16.080	—
累计贡献率 Cumulative percentage	46.489	62.495	—	43.175	59.256	—

指标 Index	1%磷主成分Principal component 1 2		权重 Weight	10%磷主成分Principal component 1 2		权重 Weight
鲜质量比值 Fresh weight ratio	0.940	0.171	21.148	0.901	0.055	19.596
株高比值 Plant height ratio	0.900	0.062	19.506	0.847	0.014	18.136
干质量比值 Dry weight ratio	0.856	0.061	18.565	0.817	-0.015	17.493
茎粗比值 Stem diameter ratio	0.854	-0.061	18.525	0.758	0.048	16.509
叶绿素含量比值Chlorophyll content ratio	-0.145	0.780	8.744	0.479	-0.267	12.298
SPAD比值SPAD ratio	0.277	0.514	9.621	0.118	0.777	8.661
下胚轴长度比值Hypocotyl length ratio	-0.027	-0.455	3.891	-0.095	0.667	7.306
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.285	1.089	—	3.022	1.126	—
方差贡献率 Variance contribution	46.489	16.005	—	43.175	16.080	—
累计贡献率 Cumulative percentage	46.489	62.495	—	43.175	59.256	—